Samuel O Ayodele - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Samuel O Ayodele

Research paper thumbnail of Malignant Otitis Externa in a Tertiary Hospital, North Central Region of Nigeria: A 15-Year Review

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Science, May 23, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Management Challenges And Outcome Of Juvenile Onset Respiratory Papillomatosis In A Tertiary Hospital In North Central Nigeria: A Preliminary Study

Savannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice, Mar 31, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Five year review of oropharyngeal cancer patients at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, north central Nigeria

Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, Feb 14, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Indications and outcome of tracheostomy in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria: 10 years review

Annals of African Medicine, 2018

Background: The study aims to highlight common indications as well as outcome of treatment among ... more Background: The study aims to highlight common indications as well as outcome of treatment among patients with tracheostomy in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A review of clinical records of all patients with tracheostomy over a period of ten years (2002-2011), using the Theatre, Ward, ICU and the emergency register after approval from the ethical review committee. Data retrieved included; demographic profile, primary diagnosis, indication for tracheostomy, surgical technique, hospital admission and care outcome of management. All information retrieved input and analysed using an SPSS version 17.0 and data analyzed descriptively. Results: Seventy-six patients had complete data for analysis, age range from 1-89yrs, and mean age of 41.9yrs. There are 48males and 28 females with M:F ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of the patients were in the 3rd-5th decade. About 47.4% had temporary tracheostomy. The commonest indication for tracheostomy is upper airway obstruction secondary to aerodigestive tract tumors in 60.5%, then trauma in 26.3%. The complications are higher among the under tens'. Out of the 36 temporary tracheostomy only 18 were successfully decannulated. The mean hospital stay was 22±2days. Overall 15% mortality was recorded. Conclusion: Common reason for tracheostomy is essentially same earlier documentation in developing countries, common among males, emergency type still most common, neoplasm, prolonged intubation and trauma are the commonest indications, its complication is still high among the under tens'. The outcome is good with 15% mortality due to the primary disease and not from tracheostomy.

Research paper thumbnail of Ear, Nose, and Throat Complications and Challenges in the Elderly With Multimorbidity

IGI Global eBooks, Feb 4, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Management challenges of sinonasal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in infanthood: case report and literature review

International Journal of Scientific Reports, Nov 23, 2022

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignant neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin.... more Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignant neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin. 1,2 It has a higher male predominance and bimodal peak incidence, with the first peak occurring between the age of 2-6 years and the other around adolescence age group. It accounts for about one-fourth of all head and neck sarcomas and about 6% of all malignancies in paediatric age group of less than 15 years. 1,3 Another study that made attempt at analyzing the clinical features of RMS in infanthood found a higher incidence in the first year of life when compared with an overall incidence per year in children and adolescents. 4 Other than in the head and neck region, RMS may be found in the retroperitoneal region, genitourinary tract, and the extremities. Within the head and neck region, RMS can be further classified into three subtypes (orbital, parameningeal, and nonorbital-nonparameningeal) based on the anatomical classification and varying prognostic significance. The parameningeal type involves ABSTRACT Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignant neoplasm. It's not known to occur often in the sinonasal region of an infant when compared with other histological types. And due to its aggressive nature in deep-seated locations, it's often difficult to manage efficiently, thus associated with worse prognosis. In this article, a rare case of an infant with right sided sinonasal aRMS was reported. Eight month old child with two month history of right sided nasal blockage, watery discharge and a growth in the right nose. There was no epistaxis, palatal or neck swelling. On examination, a polypoid mass was completely occupying the right nasal cavity. There were no palpable cervical lymph nodes. Diagnosis of allergic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis was made. The mass progressed with associated ipsilateral cheek swelling extending to the nasal bridge. A greyish white, friable mass was biopsied and was diagnosed histologically as aRMS. The child had a debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. She later developed tumour lysis syndrome and died. Management of infanthood sinonasal aRMS is challenging especially in low socioeconomic region like ours. A multidisciplinary approach with intensified multimodality therapy is crucial to improving the management outcomes and quality of life. In all, it is advisable to take closer look at any swelling in the paediatric age group by carefully evaluating it with high degree of suspicion, early diagnosis and individualized treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical presentation and outcome of sinonasal tumors in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital – 6-year review

Nigerian Medical Journal, 2017

Background: Sinonasal tumor is an uncommon tumor in Nigeria, but the burden of the disease in ter... more Background: Sinonasal tumor is an uncommon tumor in Nigeria, but the burden of the disease in terms of morbidity and mortality is on the increase. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of presentation and outcome of sinonasal tumor in our center. Methodology: This was a retrospective review of all the patients with sinonasal cancer seen in Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of the hospital between January 2008 and December 2013. The patients' biodata, clinical presentation, stage of the disease at presentation, identifiable risk factors, histopathological findings, and outcome were presented. Results: A total of 22 patients were diagnosed with sinonasal cancer out of 71 patients (31%) with head/neck cancers during the period of study. There were 12 males (54.5%) and 10 females (45.5%) with a mean age of 51 ± 2.1 years. Epistaxis, nasal blockage, and discharge were seen in all patients though 41% of patients presented first to the ophthalmologist due to proptosis. Identifiable risk factors were exposure to wood dust (29%) and petrochemical products in (11%). Most patients presented first at advanced stages of the disease (82%). Histologically, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (54.6%) followed by nonintestinal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 18.2% and plasmacytoma (9.1%). Chemoradiation was the mainstay of management in (38%) though 13.6% had total maxillectomy with postsurgical chemoradiation and 50.4% defaulted due to cost of management. Conclusion: Health education on early presentation and efforts at early detection of the disease are needed to achieve cure. Exposure to the identifiable risk factors should be reduced by protective measures. Easy access to radiotherapy at affordable price will surely improve the outcome of this disease.

Research paper thumbnail of Pleomorphic Adenoma of the External Auditory Canal in Japan, with A Case Report

Auris Nasus Larynx, 1991

A rare case of a 51-year-old female with a pleomorphic adenoma, measuring 0.9 x 0.7 x 0.6 (cm3), ... more A rare case of a 51-year-old female with a pleomorphic adenoma, measuring 0.9 x 0.7 x 0.6 (cm3), originating from the right external auditory canal (EAC), was reported. The authors discussed the 7 reported cases of EAC pleomorphic adenoma in Japan, comparing them with pleomorphic adenomas occurring in the nasal cavity and the parotid gland. It is currently too early to conclude that pleomorphic adenoma in the EAC does not tend to recur or shows a marked tendency toward canceration. The best possible treatment for EAC pleomorphic adenoma at present seems to be, as in cases of tumors in other sites, surgical resection together with removal of a sufficient range of surrounding normal tissue, followed by careful long-term postoperative observation of the clinical course.

Research paper thumbnail of Cervical metastasis of undetermined origin: evaluation and criteria for management

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Background: Cervical metastatic cancer of undetermined primary site is described as the presence ... more Background: Cervical metastatic cancer of undetermined primary site is described as the presence of metastasis in the cervical lymph node(s) without any identifiable primary site, despite detailed clinical and investigative evaluations. Identification of primary origin is still a big challenge even in the phase of modern diagnostic options. This review was meant to lay open the challenges and offer options of evaluation and managing these cases in a resource limited environment.Methods: The literature search was carried out to retrieve relevant published articles, books, guidelines. The search was limited to articles in English while unpublished literatures were excluded. Results: The process of metastasis might begin before the obvious growth of the primary mass, making detection of primary site of a malignant tumour difficult to determine. There is no current worldwide consensus for evaluation and treatment of cervical metastasis of undetermined primary; however, the primary purp...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic accuracy of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy: experience from a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2021

Flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) is a technique of laryngeal visualization. The instrument ... more Flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) is a technique of laryngeal visualization. The instrument (flexible laryngoscope) is relatively scarce in resource challenged countries. Where available, it is a useful compliment to the armamentarium of clinical tools at the disposal of the otolaryngologist. We evaluated the diagnostic value of flexible fibreoptic laryngoscope in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. And we hypothesized that its diagnostic precision is comparable to direct laryngoscopy. This is a retrospective study of records of 360 patients referred for FFL at the ENT clinic. Sensitivity and specificity of FFL for laryngeal lesions were determined using direct laryngoscopy (DL) as the gold standard. Of the 360 FFL reports studied, 336 additionally underwent DL. FFL findings in 311 (92.6%) cases were comparable with that of DL. FFL had a good detection rate for vocal cord palsy (sensitivity 100%, specificity 80.7%). Pick-up rate for vocal nodules, polyps, papillomatosis and palsy were statistically equal for FFL and DL (p value = 0.96). Diagnostic accuracy of FFL was good for supraglottic (sensitivity 100%, specificity 88.0%) and glottic (sensitivity 100%, specificity 92.3%) tumours; relatively lower for subglottic (sensitivity 83.3%; specificity 100%) and transglottic (sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 100%) tumours; and least for tumours involving more than on subsites (sensitivity 50%, specificity 100%). The sensitivity and specificity of FFL were not the same for all endo-laryngeal lesions; yet, the overall diagnostic accuracy of FFL is comparable with DL. Clinicians should be mindful of this variability to optimize its application.

Research paper thumbnail of Management and Outcome of Rhinosinusitis in Nigeria

OTO Open, 2017

Objective The aim of this study is to present the management and outcome of treatment of rhinosin... more Objective The aim of this study is to present the management and outcome of treatment of rhinosinusitis in Nigeria. Study Design A retrospective review of the case notes of patients with rhinosinusitis between January 2009 and December 2014. Setting Study at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, using retrieved case notes after ethical approval was received. Subjects and Methods The information retrieved included sociodemographic data, clinical presentation, duration, endoscopic examination, and other clinical management protocols with follow-up. All information was entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed descriptively, and results are presented in tables and figure. Results A total of 5618 patients were seen in the ear, nose, and throat clinic over the 6-year period. Of the patients, 445 had rhinosinusitis, and only 410 had complete data for analysis. Patient age ranged from 2 to 75 years (mean ± SD, 31.8 ± 1.2 years). The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The durati...

Research paper thumbnail of Cervical metastasis of undetermined origin: evaluation and criteria for management

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 2022

Background: Cervical metastatic cancer of undetermined primary site is described as the presence ... more Background: Cervical metastatic cancer of undetermined primary site is described as the presence of metastasis in the cervical lymph node(s) without any identifiable primary site, despite detailed clinical and investigative evaluations. Identification of primary origin is still a big challenge even in the phase of modern diagnostic options. This review was meant to lay open the challenges and offer options of evaluation and managing these cases in a resource limited environment. Methods: The literature search was carried out to retrieve relevant published articles, books, guidelines. The search was limited to articles in English while unpublished literatures were excluded. Results: The process of metastasis might begin before the obvious growth of the primary mass, making detection of primary site of a malignant tumour difficult to determine. There is no current worldwide consensus for evaluation and treatment of cervical metastasis of undetermined primary; however, the primary purpose for management should be towards cure along with locoregional control. This is always based on a well-studied natural history of the mucosal squamous cell cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Conclusions: The first step in the work up remains thorough clinical evaluation and the minimum evaluation should include computed tomography scan of the head and neck, core needle biopsy of the metastatic cervical lymph node(s) for histological analysis, panendoscopy and biopsies from suspicious sites in the upper airway. Treatment modalities can be classified into modified radical neck dissection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, and combination of surgical intervention and chemoradiation.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of Nasoendoscopic Findings and Quality of Life between Type II Diabetics and Non-Diabetics with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of disorders characterised by inflammation of the mucosal... more Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of disorders characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 consecutive weeks. [1], [2] According to the Clinical Practice Guideline formulated by the Rhinosinusitis Task Force of the American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS), diagnostic criteria for CRS depends on clinical symptoms and signs which are categorised into minor and major criteria. [2], [3]

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic scores of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in Ilorin, Nigeria

Pan African Medical Journal, 2021

Introduction: chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining... more Introduction: chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 weeks duration. Other than the diagnostic criteria that is based on clinical features; nasoendoscopy and/or computerized tomographic scan have been included in the diagnosis. This study seeks to outline the clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic assessment of CRS patients. Methods: a hospital-based analytical study carried out on 154 participants. Clinical assessment and nasoendoscopy were performed and scored according to the discharge, inflammation and polyps/oedema (DIP) scale. Statistical analysis was

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation and Expression Analysis of Cytokinin Dehydrogenase Gene RCCKX5 in Rosa Canina

Acta Horticulturae Sinica, Jul 25, 2014

Protocorm-like bodies(PLBs)is a new protocol of efficient regeneration,and the development of rhi... more Protocorm-like bodies(PLBs)is a new protocol of efficient regeneration,and the development of rhizoids is a critical stage of PLB regeneration. Recent researches showed that cytokinin regulated the formation of rhizoids. Here,we isolated the full length cDNA of a gene encoding cytokinin dehydrogenase from rhizoids of Rosa canina,named RcCKX5. Sequence analysis indicated that RcCKX5 consisted of 1 815 bp,with ORF of 1 626 bp,5′ UTR of 104 bp,3′ UTR of 85 bp,encoded 541 amino acids. The deduced amino acids possessed conserved domains of CKX family,FAD-binding domain and cytokinin-bining domain. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis showed that RcCKX5 had the highest similarity with TcCKX5 from Theobroma cacao. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that expression level of RcCKX5 in root was the highest,and expression level in flower and fruit was high. Expression level of RcCKX5 keep increasing all along the formation of rhizoids,reached the highest peak in the twenty-first day,then decreased slightly. This indicated RcCKX5 might be involved in rhizoids formation. RcCKX5 was significantly and rapidly induced by 6-BA,expression level of RcCKX5 reached highest with the concentration of 2.5 mg · L-1 and time of 120 h.

Research paper thumbnail of Global And Local Spread Of Covid-19 Pandemic

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2 vi... more Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2 virus). The global mortality rate of the disease ranges from 2.3 to 7% across various parts of the world with worse outcome recorded among the elderly and those with comorbidities. COVID19 has spread beyond international boundaries and current pattern of spread and presentation is in keeping with penetration into the interiors of our local communities. This review is aimed at providing information on the global and local spread of COVID-19, as an emerging disease with a huge impact on Nigerians and the rest of the world.Important articles describing pattern of spread and infection prevention and control strategies are summarized and included in this review

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of life of tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Background: Tinnitus is a common, irritating and often disturbing symptom. It poses big challenge... more Background: Tinnitus is a common, irritating and often disturbing symptom. It poses big challenge to the patients’ management and affects their quality of life (QoL). Tinnitus is one of the most common otological symptoms associated with hearing loss. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of life of adult tinnitus patients and the effect presence of hearing loss has on the quality of life.Methods: All consenting adults presenting with tinnitus with or without associated hearing loss were recruited. Sociodemographic information, clinical assessment, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and QoL assessment with Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) were carried out. The data collected were analysed and results were presented in tables and simple chart. Results: The age range of participants was between 18 and 80 years with a mean age of 51.94 years±17.41. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The relationship between tinnitus and associated hearing loss was statistically significant with modera...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of Nasoendoscopic Findings and Quality of Life between Type II Diabetics and Non-Diabetics with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

ARC Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology

Aim: The study is aimed at comparing nasoendoscopic findings and quality of life (QoL) between ty... more Aim: The study is aimed at comparing nasoendoscopic findings and quality of life (QoL) between type II diabetics and non-diabetic adults with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out on 71 cases and 71 controls. QoL measured with sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) was obtained. Nasoendoscopy was performed and scored with the Discharge, Inflammation and Polyps/Oedema (DIP) endoscopic scoring system. Results: Of the 71 type II diabetics with CRS, 40.8% were males and 59.2% females. The modal age group was 51-60 years. The mean SNOT-22 and DIP scores were 41.6 and 14.3 among type II diabetics with CRS respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between DIP and SNOT-22 scores, however no statistically significant difference in the DIP score and SNOT-22 test between type II diabetics with CRS and non-diabetics with CRS. Conclusion: DIP score and SNOT-22 test were similar between type II diabetics with CRS and non-diabetics with CRS. There was higher number of type II diabetics and non-diabetics with moderate impact of CRS on QoL using SNOT-22. Type II diabetes is therefore not a predictor of sinonasal outcome in CRS patients. DIP score and SNOT-22 can be routinely used in assessment and management of CRS.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic scores of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in Ilorin, Nigeria

The Pan African Medical Journal, 2021

Introduction chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining ... more Introduction chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 weeks duration. Other than the diagnostic criteria that is based on clinical features; nasoendoscopy and/or computerized tomographic scan have been included in the diagnosis. This study seeks to outline the clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic assessment of CRS patients. Methods a hospital-based analytical study carried out on 154 participants. Clinical assessment and nasoendoscopy were performed and scored according to the discharge, inflammation and polyps/oedema (DIP) scale. Statistical analysis was carried out and results were presented in charts and tables. Results of the 154 participants, 71 (46.1%) were males and 83 (53.9%) females with a male to female ratio of 1: 1.7. Nasal discharge and blockage were the commonest symptoms. Nasoendoscopy had higher yield in the examination of intranasal polyps (NPs) over anterior rhinoscopy. T...

Research paper thumbnail of A review of the clinicopathologic pattern of head and neck malignant tumours in Ilorin, Nigeria

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2020

Background: Head and neck cancers remain a major public health concern with increasing prevalence... more Background: Head and neck cancers remain a major public health concern with increasing prevalence in Africa. The aim of this study was to highlight the current trends of head and neck cancers and compare with previous studies.Methods: A retrospective study of head and neck cancers seen in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 6-year period (2013 – 2018) was done. Information was retrieved from the clinic, theatre and cancer registry centre. Sites of tumours, duration of symptoms before presentation, reasons for late presentation and histopathological diagnosis were extracted.Result: There were a total of 143 histologically confirmed head and neck cancers.. The age ranged from 2 – 100 years with a mean age of 52 years. The duration of symptoms at presentation was found to range from 3 months to 78 months. Over 80% presented late. Reasons for late presentation were financial constraints (60.5%), ignorance/wrong beliefs (32.4%), traditional treatment (41.6%) and delayed referra...

Research paper thumbnail of Malignant Otitis Externa in a Tertiary Hospital, North Central Region of Nigeria: A 15-Year Review

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Science, May 23, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Management Challenges And Outcome Of Juvenile Onset Respiratory Papillomatosis In A Tertiary Hospital In North Central Nigeria: A Preliminary Study

Savannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice, Mar 31, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Five year review of oropharyngeal cancer patients at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, north central Nigeria

Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, Feb 14, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Indications and outcome of tracheostomy in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria: 10 years review

Annals of African Medicine, 2018

Background: The study aims to highlight common indications as well as outcome of treatment among ... more Background: The study aims to highlight common indications as well as outcome of treatment among patients with tracheostomy in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A review of clinical records of all patients with tracheostomy over a period of ten years (2002-2011), using the Theatre, Ward, ICU and the emergency register after approval from the ethical review committee. Data retrieved included; demographic profile, primary diagnosis, indication for tracheostomy, surgical technique, hospital admission and care outcome of management. All information retrieved input and analysed using an SPSS version 17.0 and data analyzed descriptively. Results: Seventy-six patients had complete data for analysis, age range from 1-89yrs, and mean age of 41.9yrs. There are 48males and 28 females with M:F ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of the patients were in the 3rd-5th decade. About 47.4% had temporary tracheostomy. The commonest indication for tracheostomy is upper airway obstruction secondary to aerodigestive tract tumors in 60.5%, then trauma in 26.3%. The complications are higher among the under tens'. Out of the 36 temporary tracheostomy only 18 were successfully decannulated. The mean hospital stay was 22±2days. Overall 15% mortality was recorded. Conclusion: Common reason for tracheostomy is essentially same earlier documentation in developing countries, common among males, emergency type still most common, neoplasm, prolonged intubation and trauma are the commonest indications, its complication is still high among the under tens'. The outcome is good with 15% mortality due to the primary disease and not from tracheostomy.

Research paper thumbnail of Ear, Nose, and Throat Complications and Challenges in the Elderly With Multimorbidity

IGI Global eBooks, Feb 4, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Management challenges of sinonasal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in infanthood: case report and literature review

International Journal of Scientific Reports, Nov 23, 2022

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignant neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin.... more Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignant neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin. 1,2 It has a higher male predominance and bimodal peak incidence, with the first peak occurring between the age of 2-6 years and the other around adolescence age group. It accounts for about one-fourth of all head and neck sarcomas and about 6% of all malignancies in paediatric age group of less than 15 years. 1,3 Another study that made attempt at analyzing the clinical features of RMS in infanthood found a higher incidence in the first year of life when compared with an overall incidence per year in children and adolescents. 4 Other than in the head and neck region, RMS may be found in the retroperitoneal region, genitourinary tract, and the extremities. Within the head and neck region, RMS can be further classified into three subtypes (orbital, parameningeal, and nonorbital-nonparameningeal) based on the anatomical classification and varying prognostic significance. The parameningeal type involves ABSTRACT Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignant neoplasm. It's not known to occur often in the sinonasal region of an infant when compared with other histological types. And due to its aggressive nature in deep-seated locations, it's often difficult to manage efficiently, thus associated with worse prognosis. In this article, a rare case of an infant with right sided sinonasal aRMS was reported. Eight month old child with two month history of right sided nasal blockage, watery discharge and a growth in the right nose. There was no epistaxis, palatal or neck swelling. On examination, a polypoid mass was completely occupying the right nasal cavity. There were no palpable cervical lymph nodes. Diagnosis of allergic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis was made. The mass progressed with associated ipsilateral cheek swelling extending to the nasal bridge. A greyish white, friable mass was biopsied and was diagnosed histologically as aRMS. The child had a debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. She later developed tumour lysis syndrome and died. Management of infanthood sinonasal aRMS is challenging especially in low socioeconomic region like ours. A multidisciplinary approach with intensified multimodality therapy is crucial to improving the management outcomes and quality of life. In all, it is advisable to take closer look at any swelling in the paediatric age group by carefully evaluating it with high degree of suspicion, early diagnosis and individualized treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical presentation and outcome of sinonasal tumors in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital – 6-year review

Nigerian Medical Journal, 2017

Background: Sinonasal tumor is an uncommon tumor in Nigeria, but the burden of the disease in ter... more Background: Sinonasal tumor is an uncommon tumor in Nigeria, but the burden of the disease in terms of morbidity and mortality is on the increase. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of presentation and outcome of sinonasal tumor in our center. Methodology: This was a retrospective review of all the patients with sinonasal cancer seen in Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of the hospital between January 2008 and December 2013. The patients' biodata, clinical presentation, stage of the disease at presentation, identifiable risk factors, histopathological findings, and outcome were presented. Results: A total of 22 patients were diagnosed with sinonasal cancer out of 71 patients (31%) with head/neck cancers during the period of study. There were 12 males (54.5%) and 10 females (45.5%) with a mean age of 51 ± 2.1 years. Epistaxis, nasal blockage, and discharge were seen in all patients though 41% of patients presented first to the ophthalmologist due to proptosis. Identifiable risk factors were exposure to wood dust (29%) and petrochemical products in (11%). Most patients presented first at advanced stages of the disease (82%). Histologically, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (54.6%) followed by nonintestinal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 18.2% and plasmacytoma (9.1%). Chemoradiation was the mainstay of management in (38%) though 13.6% had total maxillectomy with postsurgical chemoradiation and 50.4% defaulted due to cost of management. Conclusion: Health education on early presentation and efforts at early detection of the disease are needed to achieve cure. Exposure to the identifiable risk factors should be reduced by protective measures. Easy access to radiotherapy at affordable price will surely improve the outcome of this disease.

Research paper thumbnail of Pleomorphic Adenoma of the External Auditory Canal in Japan, with A Case Report

Auris Nasus Larynx, 1991

A rare case of a 51-year-old female with a pleomorphic adenoma, measuring 0.9 x 0.7 x 0.6 (cm3), ... more A rare case of a 51-year-old female with a pleomorphic adenoma, measuring 0.9 x 0.7 x 0.6 (cm3), originating from the right external auditory canal (EAC), was reported. The authors discussed the 7 reported cases of EAC pleomorphic adenoma in Japan, comparing them with pleomorphic adenomas occurring in the nasal cavity and the parotid gland. It is currently too early to conclude that pleomorphic adenoma in the EAC does not tend to recur or shows a marked tendency toward canceration. The best possible treatment for EAC pleomorphic adenoma at present seems to be, as in cases of tumors in other sites, surgical resection together with removal of a sufficient range of surrounding normal tissue, followed by careful long-term postoperative observation of the clinical course.

Research paper thumbnail of Cervical metastasis of undetermined origin: evaluation and criteria for management

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Background: Cervical metastatic cancer of undetermined primary site is described as the presence ... more Background: Cervical metastatic cancer of undetermined primary site is described as the presence of metastasis in the cervical lymph node(s) without any identifiable primary site, despite detailed clinical and investigative evaluations. Identification of primary origin is still a big challenge even in the phase of modern diagnostic options. This review was meant to lay open the challenges and offer options of evaluation and managing these cases in a resource limited environment.Methods: The literature search was carried out to retrieve relevant published articles, books, guidelines. The search was limited to articles in English while unpublished literatures were excluded. Results: The process of metastasis might begin before the obvious growth of the primary mass, making detection of primary site of a malignant tumour difficult to determine. There is no current worldwide consensus for evaluation and treatment of cervical metastasis of undetermined primary; however, the primary purp...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic accuracy of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy: experience from a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2021

Flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) is a technique of laryngeal visualization. The instrument ... more Flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) is a technique of laryngeal visualization. The instrument (flexible laryngoscope) is relatively scarce in resource challenged countries. Where available, it is a useful compliment to the armamentarium of clinical tools at the disposal of the otolaryngologist. We evaluated the diagnostic value of flexible fibreoptic laryngoscope in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. And we hypothesized that its diagnostic precision is comparable to direct laryngoscopy. This is a retrospective study of records of 360 patients referred for FFL at the ENT clinic. Sensitivity and specificity of FFL for laryngeal lesions were determined using direct laryngoscopy (DL) as the gold standard. Of the 360 FFL reports studied, 336 additionally underwent DL. FFL findings in 311 (92.6%) cases were comparable with that of DL. FFL had a good detection rate for vocal cord palsy (sensitivity 100%, specificity 80.7%). Pick-up rate for vocal nodules, polyps, papillomatosis and palsy were statistically equal for FFL and DL (p value = 0.96). Diagnostic accuracy of FFL was good for supraglottic (sensitivity 100%, specificity 88.0%) and glottic (sensitivity 100%, specificity 92.3%) tumours; relatively lower for subglottic (sensitivity 83.3%; specificity 100%) and transglottic (sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 100%) tumours; and least for tumours involving more than on subsites (sensitivity 50%, specificity 100%). The sensitivity and specificity of FFL were not the same for all endo-laryngeal lesions; yet, the overall diagnostic accuracy of FFL is comparable with DL. Clinicians should be mindful of this variability to optimize its application.

Research paper thumbnail of Management and Outcome of Rhinosinusitis in Nigeria

OTO Open, 2017

Objective The aim of this study is to present the management and outcome of treatment of rhinosin... more Objective The aim of this study is to present the management and outcome of treatment of rhinosinusitis in Nigeria. Study Design A retrospective review of the case notes of patients with rhinosinusitis between January 2009 and December 2014. Setting Study at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, using retrieved case notes after ethical approval was received. Subjects and Methods The information retrieved included sociodemographic data, clinical presentation, duration, endoscopic examination, and other clinical management protocols with follow-up. All information was entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed descriptively, and results are presented in tables and figure. Results A total of 5618 patients were seen in the ear, nose, and throat clinic over the 6-year period. Of the patients, 445 had rhinosinusitis, and only 410 had complete data for analysis. Patient age ranged from 2 to 75 years (mean ± SD, 31.8 ± 1.2 years). The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The durati...

Research paper thumbnail of Cervical metastasis of undetermined origin: evaluation and criteria for management

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 2022

Background: Cervical metastatic cancer of undetermined primary site is described as the presence ... more Background: Cervical metastatic cancer of undetermined primary site is described as the presence of metastasis in the cervical lymph node(s) without any identifiable primary site, despite detailed clinical and investigative evaluations. Identification of primary origin is still a big challenge even in the phase of modern diagnostic options. This review was meant to lay open the challenges and offer options of evaluation and managing these cases in a resource limited environment. Methods: The literature search was carried out to retrieve relevant published articles, books, guidelines. The search was limited to articles in English while unpublished literatures were excluded. Results: The process of metastasis might begin before the obvious growth of the primary mass, making detection of primary site of a malignant tumour difficult to determine. There is no current worldwide consensus for evaluation and treatment of cervical metastasis of undetermined primary; however, the primary purpose for management should be towards cure along with locoregional control. This is always based on a well-studied natural history of the mucosal squamous cell cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Conclusions: The first step in the work up remains thorough clinical evaluation and the minimum evaluation should include computed tomography scan of the head and neck, core needle biopsy of the metastatic cervical lymph node(s) for histological analysis, panendoscopy and biopsies from suspicious sites in the upper airway. Treatment modalities can be classified into modified radical neck dissection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, and combination of surgical intervention and chemoradiation.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of Nasoendoscopic Findings and Quality of Life between Type II Diabetics and Non-Diabetics with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of disorders characterised by inflammation of the mucosal... more Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of disorders characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 consecutive weeks. [1], [2] According to the Clinical Practice Guideline formulated by the Rhinosinusitis Task Force of the American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS), diagnostic criteria for CRS depends on clinical symptoms and signs which are categorised into minor and major criteria. [2], [3]

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic scores of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in Ilorin, Nigeria

Pan African Medical Journal, 2021

Introduction: chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining... more Introduction: chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 weeks duration. Other than the diagnostic criteria that is based on clinical features; nasoendoscopy and/or computerized tomographic scan have been included in the diagnosis. This study seeks to outline the clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic assessment of CRS patients. Methods: a hospital-based analytical study carried out on 154 participants. Clinical assessment and nasoendoscopy were performed and scored according to the discharge, inflammation and polyps/oedema (DIP) scale. Statistical analysis was

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation and Expression Analysis of Cytokinin Dehydrogenase Gene RCCKX5 in Rosa Canina

Acta Horticulturae Sinica, Jul 25, 2014

Protocorm-like bodies(PLBs)is a new protocol of efficient regeneration,and the development of rhi... more Protocorm-like bodies(PLBs)is a new protocol of efficient regeneration,and the development of rhizoids is a critical stage of PLB regeneration. Recent researches showed that cytokinin regulated the formation of rhizoids. Here,we isolated the full length cDNA of a gene encoding cytokinin dehydrogenase from rhizoids of Rosa canina,named RcCKX5. Sequence analysis indicated that RcCKX5 consisted of 1 815 bp,with ORF of 1 626 bp,5′ UTR of 104 bp,3′ UTR of 85 bp,encoded 541 amino acids. The deduced amino acids possessed conserved domains of CKX family,FAD-binding domain and cytokinin-bining domain. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis showed that RcCKX5 had the highest similarity with TcCKX5 from Theobroma cacao. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that expression level of RcCKX5 in root was the highest,and expression level in flower and fruit was high. Expression level of RcCKX5 keep increasing all along the formation of rhizoids,reached the highest peak in the twenty-first day,then decreased slightly. This indicated RcCKX5 might be involved in rhizoids formation. RcCKX5 was significantly and rapidly induced by 6-BA,expression level of RcCKX5 reached highest with the concentration of 2.5 mg · L-1 and time of 120 h.

Research paper thumbnail of Global And Local Spread Of Covid-19 Pandemic

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2 vi... more Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2 virus). The global mortality rate of the disease ranges from 2.3 to 7% across various parts of the world with worse outcome recorded among the elderly and those with comorbidities. COVID19 has spread beyond international boundaries and current pattern of spread and presentation is in keeping with penetration into the interiors of our local communities. This review is aimed at providing information on the global and local spread of COVID-19, as an emerging disease with a huge impact on Nigerians and the rest of the world.Important articles describing pattern of spread and infection prevention and control strategies are summarized and included in this review

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of life of tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Background: Tinnitus is a common, irritating and often disturbing symptom. It poses big challenge... more Background: Tinnitus is a common, irritating and often disturbing symptom. It poses big challenge to the patients’ management and affects their quality of life (QoL). Tinnitus is one of the most common otological symptoms associated with hearing loss. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of life of adult tinnitus patients and the effect presence of hearing loss has on the quality of life.Methods: All consenting adults presenting with tinnitus with or without associated hearing loss were recruited. Sociodemographic information, clinical assessment, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and QoL assessment with Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) were carried out. The data collected were analysed and results were presented in tables and simple chart. Results: The age range of participants was between 18 and 80 years with a mean age of 51.94 years±17.41. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The relationship between tinnitus and associated hearing loss was statistically significant with modera...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of Nasoendoscopic Findings and Quality of Life between Type II Diabetics and Non-Diabetics with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

ARC Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology

Aim: The study is aimed at comparing nasoendoscopic findings and quality of life (QoL) between ty... more Aim: The study is aimed at comparing nasoendoscopic findings and quality of life (QoL) between type II diabetics and non-diabetic adults with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out on 71 cases and 71 controls. QoL measured with sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) was obtained. Nasoendoscopy was performed and scored with the Discharge, Inflammation and Polyps/Oedema (DIP) endoscopic scoring system. Results: Of the 71 type II diabetics with CRS, 40.8% were males and 59.2% females. The modal age group was 51-60 years. The mean SNOT-22 and DIP scores were 41.6 and 14.3 among type II diabetics with CRS respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between DIP and SNOT-22 scores, however no statistically significant difference in the DIP score and SNOT-22 test between type II diabetics with CRS and non-diabetics with CRS. Conclusion: DIP score and SNOT-22 test were similar between type II diabetics with CRS and non-diabetics with CRS. There was higher number of type II diabetics and non-diabetics with moderate impact of CRS on QoL using SNOT-22. Type II diabetes is therefore not a predictor of sinonasal outcome in CRS patients. DIP score and SNOT-22 can be routinely used in assessment and management of CRS.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic scores of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in Ilorin, Nigeria

The Pan African Medical Journal, 2021

Introduction chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining ... more Introduction chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 weeks duration. Other than the diagnostic criteria that is based on clinical features; nasoendoscopy and/or computerized tomographic scan have been included in the diagnosis. This study seeks to outline the clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic assessment of CRS patients. Methods a hospital-based analytical study carried out on 154 participants. Clinical assessment and nasoendoscopy were performed and scored according to the discharge, inflammation and polyps/oedema (DIP) scale. Statistical analysis was carried out and results were presented in charts and tables. Results of the 154 participants, 71 (46.1%) were males and 83 (53.9%) females with a male to female ratio of 1: 1.7. Nasal discharge and blockage were the commonest symptoms. Nasoendoscopy had higher yield in the examination of intranasal polyps (NPs) over anterior rhinoscopy. T...

Research paper thumbnail of A review of the clinicopathologic pattern of head and neck malignant tumours in Ilorin, Nigeria

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2020

Background: Head and neck cancers remain a major public health concern with increasing prevalence... more Background: Head and neck cancers remain a major public health concern with increasing prevalence in Africa. The aim of this study was to highlight the current trends of head and neck cancers and compare with previous studies.Methods: A retrospective study of head and neck cancers seen in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 6-year period (2013 – 2018) was done. Information was retrieved from the clinic, theatre and cancer registry centre. Sites of tumours, duration of symptoms before presentation, reasons for late presentation and histopathological diagnosis were extracted.Result: There were a total of 143 histologically confirmed head and neck cancers.. The age ranged from 2 – 100 years with a mean age of 52 years. The duration of symptoms at presentation was found to range from 3 months to 78 months. Over 80% presented late. Reasons for late presentation were financial constraints (60.5%), ignorance/wrong beliefs (32.4%), traditional treatment (41.6%) and delayed referra...