Osama Galal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Osama Galal

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing breast tomosynthesis with conventional digital mammography in the evaluation of the breast

Research paper thumbnail of Diathermy versus surgical technique methods of adenotonsillectomy and its effect on voice in children

Minia Journal of Medical Research

Background: The vocal tract, which starts from the glottis and extends to the lips is considered ... more Background: The vocal tract, which starts from the glottis and extends to the lips is considered as a resonator for speech production. Enlarged palatine tonsils may cause hypernasal speech, oral breathing, or muffled voice. Adenotonsillectomy is the most common surgery performed by otolaryngologists, especially in children. To assess different possible surgical factors of adenotonsillectomy that can affect speech and voice of children with hypertrophy palatine tonsils and nasopharyngeal adenoid. Methods: This is a prospective study that was done on 100 children selected randomly, ranging in age between 3-13 years, all the cases were suffering from recurrent attacks of pharyngitis, fever, nasal obstruction, and mouth breathing indicated for adenotonsillectomy in the department of otorhinolaryngology El-Minia University hospital. Results: Children were undergone adenotonsillectomy operation either by diathermy or surgical techniques show no significantly different effect on their voice postoperatively. Conclusion: Regardless of different techniques of adenotonsillectomy as diathermy or surgical technique could cause differences in the voice and speech postoperatively in children.

Research paper thumbnail of Deep learning–based artificial intelligence model for identifying swallow types in esophageal high‐resolution manometry

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

BackgroundThis study aimed to build and evaluate a deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI) mo... more BackgroundThis study aimed to build and evaluate a deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI) model to automatically classify swallow types based on raw data from esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM).MethodsHRM studies on patients with no history of esophageal surgery were collected including 1,741 studies with 26,115 swallows labeled by swallow type (normal, hypercontractile, weak‐fragmented, failed, and premature) by an expert interpreter per the Chicago Classification. The dataset was stratified and split into train/validation/test datasets for model development. Long short‐term memory (LSTM), a type of deep‐learning AI model, was trained and evaluated. The overall performance and detailed per‐swallow type performance were analyzed. The interpretations of the supine swallows in a single study were further used to generate an overall classification of peristalsis.Key ResultsThe LSTM model for swallow type yielded accuracies from the train/validation/test datasets of 0.86/0....

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Endosonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Adnexal Lesions in Childbearing Period

Benha Medical Journal, 2021

Background: Adnexal masses represent a diagnostic dilemma. They can be encountered in females at ... more Background: Adnexal masses represent a diagnostic dilemma. They can be encountered in females at any age. Imaging has essential role in their diagnosis and subsequent management. Ultrasonography (USG) is the initial imaging study of choice in the evaluation of adnexal lesions. USG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are best in the assessment of adnexal mass lesions. Aim: To determine the role of endosonography and conventional MRI for assessment and differentiation of various adnexal lesions in childbearing period females. Subjects and Methods: We prospectively studied 50 women in childbearing period (age from 15 to 50 years) with adnexal lesions either symptomatic or accidently diagnosed. All patients were subjected to ultrasound (both transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) and MRI examination. The agreement between these modalities final diagnosis was calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of these modalities to correctly distinguish benign and malignant pathologies were calculated. Result: Most commonly affected age group was 26-35 years. The major presenting complaints were lower abdominal pain and lump in the lower abdomen. In our study, most common origin of adnexal lesions was from ovaries. MRI has sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.9 % while USG has sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 95.1% in diagnosis of adnexal lesions. Conclusion: Conventional MRI is superior to ultrasound in identification and characterization of adnexal masses. Combined endosonography and conventional MRI are sufficient for accurate diagnosis of most adnexal lesions in females in childbearing period. This will definitely obviate further costly functional MRI, also unnecessary gynaecological interventions and surgeries, and subsequently preserve fertility in such age group.

Research paper thumbnail of Preventing Delayed and Missed Care by Applying Artificial Intelligence to Trigger Radiology Imaging Follow-up

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Multi-Detector CT in Diagnosis of Splenic Lesions

Benha Medical Journal, 2021

Background: A wide range of splenic lesions may be encountered in clinical practice. The aim of t... more Background: A wide range of splenic lesions may be encountered in clinical practice. The aim of the study is to highlight the role of MDCT in the differential diagnosis of splenic lesions. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 20 patients presented to radiology department at Benha University Hospitals for diagnosis, during the period from January 2019 to January 2020. Results: Among the 20 patients included in this study; 9 of them were males and the other 11 were females with no significant relation between the sex and the pathology, 5 of the patients were diagnosed as cystic lesions while 11 cases were diagnosed as solid lesions as follow; 4 patients were diagnosed as hemangioma, 6 patients were diagnosed as lymphoma, And one patient was diagnosed as splenic metastases, And 4 patients were diagnosed as others as follow; 3 patients were diagnosed as infarction, one patient was diagnosed as splenic lacerations. Conclusion: CT is a good screening modality for the splee...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation and Mitigation of Racial Bias in Clinical Machine Learning Models: Scoping Review (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Racial bias is a key concern regarding the development, validation, and implementation... more BACKGROUND Racial bias is a key concern regarding the development, validation, and implementation of machine learning (ML) models in clinical settings. Despite the potential of bias to propagate health disparities, racial bias in clinical ML has yet to be thoroughly examined and best practices for bias mitigation remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to perform a scoping review to characterize the methods by which the racial bias of ML has been assessed and describe strategies that may be used to enhance algorithmic fairness in clinical ML. METHODS A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, as well as Google Scholar, identified 635 records, of which 12 studies were included. RESULTS Applications of ML were varied and involved diagnosis, outcome prediction, and clinical score prediction performed on...

Research paper thumbnail of Carotid Doppler as a screening tool for silent cerebral Stroke in hypertensive patients

Benha Medical Journal, 2021

Background: The concept of `silent stroke' or `asymptomatic cerebrovascular lesion' has been esta... more Background: The concept of `silent stroke' or `asymptomatic cerebrovascular lesion' has been established by many investigations, and prevalence, risk factors, clinical outcome and associated pathological changes (WMCs and underlying vasculopathy) have been studied. The aim of the work is to use Carotid Doppler as a screening tool for silent cerebral stroke with MRI imaging in hypertensive patients. Methods: This study included 50 hypertensive patients. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain searching for Asymptomatic cerebral infarction. Patients with silent brain stroke underwent Duplex sonography of carotid artery. Results: Normal MRI findings occurred in only 8% of patients. Lacunar infarction, ischemic changes and microbleeds occurred in 78%, 72% and 24% of patients. High PSV occurred in 48% of the studied patients and 90% of them had normal EDV. Normal carotid findings occurred in only 10% of patients. Atherosclerosis without plaques were detected in 30% of patients while 60% of patients had combined atherosclerosis with plaques, Abnormal carotid Doppler findings detect 43 out of 46 patients with findings suggestive of silent stroke with sensitivity 93.5% and normal carotid Doppler occurred in 2 out of 4 patients with normal MRI study with specificity 50%. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 95.6% while negative predictive value (NPV) was 40% and accuracy 90%. There is significant agreement between presence of abnormal findings on carotid Doppler and findings of silent stroke by MRI, Conclusion: Carotid atherosclerosis can be proposed as a marker for susceptibility to ischemic cerebral damage.

Research paper thumbnail of Stochastic velocity modeling of Magneto-Hydrodynamics Non-Darcy flow between two stationary parallel plates

Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2021

Abstract A stochastic model for the Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD) of a non-Darcy flow between two p... more Abstract A stochastic model for the Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD) of a non-Darcy flow between two parallel plates has been presented in this paper. This is due to the significant importance and the wide range applications of such fluid along with the need for more real-life representative models, which are relatively few in the literature. The introduced novel model considered the included uncertainties in all parameters where a general numerical solution was derived using the Stochastic Finite Difference method based on Homogenous Chaos expansion (SFDHC). Four cases were studied in the investigation; stochastic medium porosity, stochastic Hartmann number, stochastic Forchheimer number, and stochastic pressure gradient. In each of the cases mentioned, the probability density function (PDF) of the resulting stochastic flow velocity was derived and evaluated concerning their mean and Standard Deviation (SD). In addition, the results in all of the four cases were further validated with the corresponding Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) showing strong conformity. Moreover, the results of the model solution were tabulated and plotted using two common values for each parameter and a Gaussian stochastic process with 10% coefficient of variation for the uncertain one. Consequently, the velocity mean, SD and approximate range varied between 0.8175 , 0.8204 , 0.0018 , 0.0573 , and 0.0144 , 0.4881 respectively. The results showed also that the largest effect of the uncertain parameters on the fluid velocity is caused by; the pressure gradient, the medium porosity, the Hartmann number and the Forchheimer number respectively. Furthermore, the results of this study provide the required uncertainty quantification for the problem under consideration.

Research paper thumbnail of Optimized Triple-Band h-Shaped Slot Microstrip Antenna Array Based Wireless Mobile Charger

The International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation, 2021

This paper proposes a novel design of a triple frequency band passive communication receiver for ... more This paper proposes a novel design of a triple frequency band passive communication receiver for wireless chargers for smart wireless devices, wearables and other wireless devices powered with lithium-ion batteries. The design of this receiver includes triple frequency band h-shaped slot microstrip two-element antenna array; Radio Frequency (RF) matching circuit; and passive Voltage Doubler Rectifier (VDR) circuits. The said antenna design uses 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2400 MHz frequency bands. This design aims to have comparatively similar charging rate as existing wireless chargers. Therefore, the proposed antenna is the major part of the design, because it should receive more power from the three RF signal sources to achieve target charging rate. Also, in the receiver design, a (Duroid 6010) substrate with a relative permittivity 10.7 is used. Such a receiver consists of an RF matching circuit, RF multistage VDR, and a DC load circuit that would produce a 3.7 V at the output. In or...

Research paper thumbnail of Detecting Imaging For Neoplastic Liver Masses in Hepatic Patients Who Received Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma makes up 75%-85% of all primary liver cancers and is the fou... more Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma makes up 75%-85% of all primary liver cancers and is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. The aim of this study was to screen for hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatic patients who received direct acting antiviral drugs using different imaging modalities. Methods: This was a cross sectional study included 50 patients who were hepatic and received Direct Acting Antiviral '' DAA'' and were carried out at radiology department in Elobour Hospital for Health Insurance after obtaining written informed consent from all patients. Results: There were 31(62%) male, 19(38%) female, the mean age 52.28 years old with range (39-65), 35(70%) urban, 15(30%) rural. There were (70%) with duration of illness ≤ 5 years, (30%) with > 5 years, (100%) with DAA, (90%) easy to treat, (10%) difficult to treat. There were 35(70%) with average liver, 14(28%) with shrunken liver, 1(2%) with enlarged liver, 13(26%) with Bright patte...

Research paper thumbnail of The Value of Computed Tomography Scanning in Assessment of Aditus ad Antrum Patency and Choice of Treatment Line in Revision Myringoplasty

Objectives: The present study was designed to detect the value of CT imaging in assessment of adi... more Objectives: The present study was designed to detect the value of CT imaging in assessment of aditus ad antrum patency and to correlate the radiological findings with operative findings. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 40 patients with failed myringoplasty. All patients underwent full history taking, complete clinical otorhinolaryngological examination and preoperative laboratory investigations. The patients were selected with the following criteria: Previous myringoplasty without mastoidectomy, dry safe perforation in pars tensa, intact ossicular chain, good Eustachian tube (E.T) function and no cartilage graft in the previous operation. CT scanning with 2mm slice thickness and 2mm intervals was done preoperatively for all patients for assessment of the tympanomastoid preumatization and condition of aditus. All patients underwent cortical mastoidectomy operation with underlay myringoplasty with tragal cartilage pericondrium graft. Patients were examined with the u...

Research paper thumbnail of Coronavirus Spread Limitation Using Detective Smart System

Given the circumstances the world is going through due to the novel coronavirus (Covid-19); this ... more Given the circumstances the world is going through due to the novel coronavirus (Covid-19); this paper proposes a new smart system that aims to reduce the spread of the virus. The proposed Covid-19 containment system is designed to be installed outside hospitals and medical centers. Additionally, it works at night as well as at daylight. The system is based on Deep Learning applied to pedestrian temperature data sets that are collected using thermal cameras. The data set is primarily of temperature of pedestrians around medical centers. The thermal cameras are paired with conventional cameras for image capturing and cross referencing the target pedestrian with an existing central database (Big Data). If target is positive, the system sends a text message to the potentially infected person's cell phone upon recognition. The advisory sent text may contain useful information such as the nearest testing or isolation facility. This proposed system is assumed to be linked with the big...

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and wheat straw using two-dimensional mathematical models and an artificial neural network

Renewable Energy, 2021

Abstract Anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge with wheat straw has been applied in th... more Abstract Anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge with wheat straw has been applied in this study. Four novel two-dimensional mathematical models (TDMMs) along with an artificial neural network (ANN) have been used to simulate and predict the biogas production via anaerobic co-digestion process. In addition, a proposed moth flame optimization (MFO) technique is used to identify the optimal structure of the proposed multilayer feedforward neural network (MFFNN) to predict the produced biogas, then, a comparison is conducted based on the results obtained from both TDMMs and ANN. The experimental results demonstrated that the co-digestion at 7% mixing ratio (straw to sludge based on weight) improved the C/N ratio to 35, and the highest yield of biogas (15-fold higher than sludge mono) was recorded, along with the largest reductions in the total solids (TS), volatile solids (TVS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with percentages of 58.06%, 66.55% and 74.67%, respectively. The four introduced TDMMs showed high correlation with the experimental data. Among them, the logistic kinetic model is considered the best one for the experimental data representation. However, the ANN results showed that the training, validation and testing of the MFFNN-MFO model yielded very high correlation coefficients in comparison with the other used models, demonstrating that it is the most useful tool for modeling the biogas production process. These findings can support decision-makers in the establishment of sustainable development strategies that utilize ecofriendly technologies for efficient power generation from biomass residues and in predicting the model behavior.

Research paper thumbnail of 4D Sonography in Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies in First Trimester of Pregnancy

Benha Medical Journal, 2020

Background: One of the most consistently used justifications for the use of obstetric ultrasound ... more Background: One of the most consistently used justifications for the use of obstetric ultrasound is that, accurate diagnosis of fetal malformations before delivery can provide health care providers and parents a number of management options. Aim: evaluate the role of 4D ultrasound in assessment and detection of fetal congenital anomalies, in 1st & 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Subjects & Methods: Fifty women were examined by 2D followed by 4D US, and 52 detected anomalies. Results: Our results demonstrate an advantage of 4D US over 2DUS in 13 % of cases, equal findings in 30%, and less information in 17 % of anomalies detected. Four dimensional US is advantageous in some anomalies of the face and extremities only. Conclusion: 2D US remains the gold standard in assessment of fetal anomalies, and 4D US, therefore, is not a screening technique but an adjunct to 2D US for those fetuses in whom malformations are already determined or suspected on the basis of standard sonography.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Diffusion Weighted MRI in The Assessment of Post Ablation HCC Viability

Benha Medical Journal, 2020

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. Local abl... more Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. Local ablative therapies include chemical (ethanol, acetic acid) or thermal ablation [radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave, laser, cryoablation] are curative treatment options that treat HCC. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated in diffusion-weighted MRI has become a favorable biomarker of tumor. The ADC is a measure of the mobility of water in tissues Methods: 30 cases of patients having HCC to radiology department of Damietta Cancer Center who underwent locoregional therapies (radio frequency ablation, microwave ablation percutaneous ethanol injection and trans-arterial hepatic chemoembolization) over a period of 18 months (APR.2017-OCT.2018). Patient are scheduled for dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion weighted images (DWI) either in the routine follow up or after inconclusive triphasic CT study to assess tumor response to treatment and detect residual or recurrent lesions. Results: The ADC variable was found to be a fair indicator to differentiate marginal recurrence of HCC from benign or pseudo-lesions the sensitivity of DWI was 80%, its Specificity was 76.7%, positive predictive value was 53.3% and negative predictive value was 92%. Conclusion: we concluded that DWI together with conventional imaging is a promising tool in the evaluation of HCC post ablation. DWI can provide information about molecular tissue characteristics; it can help to distinguish between viable and necrotic tumor areas thus facilitating the diagnosis of residual or recurrent tumor. We could recommend a cutoff value 1.024 x 10-3mm 2 /sec, with t values below this level, express viability of the malignancy.

Research paper thumbnail of Erratum: Musculoskeletal ultrasound on the hand and wrist in systemic sclerosis

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 2017

In the article titled "Musculoskeletal ultrasound on the hand and wrist in systemic sclerosis", w... more In the article titled "Musculoskeletal ultrasound on the hand and wrist in systemic sclerosis", which appeared in the pages 95-101, issue 3, vol. 43 of Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation [1] , the names of the three authors of the article and their affiliations are missing. The author names are "Gamal Abd elghafar Hamad", "Osama Taha Galal", and "Amani Omar Abd elftah". The affiliations of the authors are as follows:

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonographic findings of the shoulders in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 2017

This study aimed to highlight the diagnostic value of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) in the... more This study aimed to highlight the diagnostic value of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of inflammatory changes in the shoulders of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to correlate those findings with the clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters of the disease activity. Patients and methods This study included 40 RA patients diagnosed according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for RA. In addition, 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. US assessment was performed bilaterally in RA patient's shoulder and unilaterally in controls. All US examinations were carried out using LOGIQ P6 PRO machine equipped with 6-8 MHz broadband multifrequency linear transducer. Result US on shoulders detected that 21 (52.5%) RA patients studied had erosions, 18 (45%) RA patients had synovitis, 21 (52.5%) RA patients had tenosynovitis, seven (17.5%) RA patients had bursitis, and 18 (45%) RA patients had rotator cuff tendinopathy. There was a significant relation between US-detected erosion in RA patients and disease duration (P = 0.037) and rheumatoid factor (RF) level (P = 0.02), whereas there was no significant relation between US-detected erosion in RA patients and shoulder pain (P = 0.185), Disease activity score 28 (DAS28) (P = 0.163), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.519), and C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.561). There was a significant relation between US-detected tenosynovitis in RA patients and shoulder pain (P = 0.025). There was no significant relation between US-detected bursitis in RA patients and disease duration (P = 0.970), shoulder pain (P = 0.907), DAS28 (P = 0.471), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.220), and RF levels (P = 0.755), whereas there was a significant relation between US-detected bursitis in RA patients and C-reactive protein (P = 0.036). Conclusion US became a problem-solving approach and the tool of choice for cases with shoulder problem, and can provide an accurate answer to many clinical questions and give an accurate diagnosis of different pathological abnormalities encountered.

Research paper thumbnail of Study of early atherosclerosis in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate early atherosclerotic changes in juvenileonset systemic ... more The aim of this study was to investigate early atherosclerotic changes in juvenileonset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) patients and its relation with disease activity. Patients and methods Thirty patients suffering from jSLE diagnosed according to the 2012 SLICC SLE criteria were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory parameters, disease activity, and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were assessed. B-mode ultrasound was performed to measure carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the number and size of plaque deposits in both the left and the right common carotid arteries. A total of 20 healthy volunteers were taken as a control group. Results The mean±SD age of the patients was 18.93±2.81. The mean±SD disease duration was 4.33±2.25. The mean±SD CIMT differed significantly between the patient and control (n=20) groups (0.74±0.21 vs. 0.38±0.05; P<0.001). The presence of lymphopenia, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein was positively associated with the progression of CIMT (P=0.049, P=0.02, P≤0.001, P≤0.001, and P=0.006, respectively). Conclusion In patients with jSLE, some traditional and nontraditional risk factors such as increased low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, BMI, fasting blood sugar, and proteinuria for the development of subclinical atherosclerosis were identified. It is likely that good disease control is the optimum way to prevent premature atherosclerosis in jSLE.

Research paper thumbnail of Spectral SFEM analysis of structures with stochastic parameters under stochastic excitation

Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2008

ABSTRACT In this paper, linear elastic isotropic structures under the effects of both stochastic ... more ABSTRACT In this paper, linear elastic isotropic structures under the effects of both stochastic operators and stochastic excitations are studied. The analysis utilizes the spectral stochastic finite elements (SSFEM) with its two main expansions namely; Neumann and Homogeneous Chaos expansions. The random excitation and the random operator fields are assumed to be second order stochastic processes. The formulations are obtained for the system solution of the two dimensional problems of plane strain and plate bending structures under stochastic loading and relevant rigidity using the previously mentioned expansions. Two finite element programs were developed to incorporate such formulations. Two illustrative examples are introduced: the first is a reinforced concrete culvert with stochastic rigidity subjected to a stochastic load where the culvert is modeled as plane strain problem. The second example is a simply supported square reinforced concrete slab subjected to out of plane loading in which the slab flexural rigidity and the applied load are considered stochastic. In each of the two examples, the first two statistical moments of displacement are evaluated using both expansions. The probability density function of the structure response of each problem is obtained using Homogeneous Chaos expansion.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing breast tomosynthesis with conventional digital mammography in the evaluation of the breast

Research paper thumbnail of Diathermy versus surgical technique methods of adenotonsillectomy and its effect on voice in children

Minia Journal of Medical Research

Background: The vocal tract, which starts from the glottis and extends to the lips is considered ... more Background: The vocal tract, which starts from the glottis and extends to the lips is considered as a resonator for speech production. Enlarged palatine tonsils may cause hypernasal speech, oral breathing, or muffled voice. Adenotonsillectomy is the most common surgery performed by otolaryngologists, especially in children. To assess different possible surgical factors of adenotonsillectomy that can affect speech and voice of children with hypertrophy palatine tonsils and nasopharyngeal adenoid. Methods: This is a prospective study that was done on 100 children selected randomly, ranging in age between 3-13 years, all the cases were suffering from recurrent attacks of pharyngitis, fever, nasal obstruction, and mouth breathing indicated for adenotonsillectomy in the department of otorhinolaryngology El-Minia University hospital. Results: Children were undergone adenotonsillectomy operation either by diathermy or surgical techniques show no significantly different effect on their voice postoperatively. Conclusion: Regardless of different techniques of adenotonsillectomy as diathermy or surgical technique could cause differences in the voice and speech postoperatively in children.

Research paper thumbnail of Deep learning–based artificial intelligence model for identifying swallow types in esophageal high‐resolution manometry

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

BackgroundThis study aimed to build and evaluate a deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI) mo... more BackgroundThis study aimed to build and evaluate a deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI) model to automatically classify swallow types based on raw data from esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM).MethodsHRM studies on patients with no history of esophageal surgery were collected including 1,741 studies with 26,115 swallows labeled by swallow type (normal, hypercontractile, weak‐fragmented, failed, and premature) by an expert interpreter per the Chicago Classification. The dataset was stratified and split into train/validation/test datasets for model development. Long short‐term memory (LSTM), a type of deep‐learning AI model, was trained and evaluated. The overall performance and detailed per‐swallow type performance were analyzed. The interpretations of the supine swallows in a single study were further used to generate an overall classification of peristalsis.Key ResultsThe LSTM model for swallow type yielded accuracies from the train/validation/test datasets of 0.86/0....

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Endosonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Adnexal Lesions in Childbearing Period

Benha Medical Journal, 2021

Background: Adnexal masses represent a diagnostic dilemma. They can be encountered in females at ... more Background: Adnexal masses represent a diagnostic dilemma. They can be encountered in females at any age. Imaging has essential role in their diagnosis and subsequent management. Ultrasonography (USG) is the initial imaging study of choice in the evaluation of adnexal lesions. USG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are best in the assessment of adnexal mass lesions. Aim: To determine the role of endosonography and conventional MRI for assessment and differentiation of various adnexal lesions in childbearing period females. Subjects and Methods: We prospectively studied 50 women in childbearing period (age from 15 to 50 years) with adnexal lesions either symptomatic or accidently diagnosed. All patients were subjected to ultrasound (both transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) and MRI examination. The agreement between these modalities final diagnosis was calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of these modalities to correctly distinguish benign and malignant pathologies were calculated. Result: Most commonly affected age group was 26-35 years. The major presenting complaints were lower abdominal pain and lump in the lower abdomen. In our study, most common origin of adnexal lesions was from ovaries. MRI has sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.9 % while USG has sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 95.1% in diagnosis of adnexal lesions. Conclusion: Conventional MRI is superior to ultrasound in identification and characterization of adnexal masses. Combined endosonography and conventional MRI are sufficient for accurate diagnosis of most adnexal lesions in females in childbearing period. This will definitely obviate further costly functional MRI, also unnecessary gynaecological interventions and surgeries, and subsequently preserve fertility in such age group.

Research paper thumbnail of Preventing Delayed and Missed Care by Applying Artificial Intelligence to Trigger Radiology Imaging Follow-up

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Multi-Detector CT in Diagnosis of Splenic Lesions

Benha Medical Journal, 2021

Background: A wide range of splenic lesions may be encountered in clinical practice. The aim of t... more Background: A wide range of splenic lesions may be encountered in clinical practice. The aim of the study is to highlight the role of MDCT in the differential diagnosis of splenic lesions. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 20 patients presented to radiology department at Benha University Hospitals for diagnosis, during the period from January 2019 to January 2020. Results: Among the 20 patients included in this study; 9 of them were males and the other 11 were females with no significant relation between the sex and the pathology, 5 of the patients were diagnosed as cystic lesions while 11 cases were diagnosed as solid lesions as follow; 4 patients were diagnosed as hemangioma, 6 patients were diagnosed as lymphoma, And one patient was diagnosed as splenic metastases, And 4 patients were diagnosed as others as follow; 3 patients were diagnosed as infarction, one patient was diagnosed as splenic lacerations. Conclusion: CT is a good screening modality for the splee...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation and Mitigation of Racial Bias in Clinical Machine Learning Models: Scoping Review (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Racial bias is a key concern regarding the development, validation, and implementation... more BACKGROUND Racial bias is a key concern regarding the development, validation, and implementation of machine learning (ML) models in clinical settings. Despite the potential of bias to propagate health disparities, racial bias in clinical ML has yet to be thoroughly examined and best practices for bias mitigation remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to perform a scoping review to characterize the methods by which the racial bias of ML has been assessed and describe strategies that may be used to enhance algorithmic fairness in clinical ML. METHODS A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, as well as Google Scholar, identified 635 records, of which 12 studies were included. RESULTS Applications of ML were varied and involved diagnosis, outcome prediction, and clinical score prediction performed on...

Research paper thumbnail of Carotid Doppler as a screening tool for silent cerebral Stroke in hypertensive patients

Benha Medical Journal, 2021

Background: The concept of `silent stroke' or `asymptomatic cerebrovascular lesion' has been esta... more Background: The concept of `silent stroke' or `asymptomatic cerebrovascular lesion' has been established by many investigations, and prevalence, risk factors, clinical outcome and associated pathological changes (WMCs and underlying vasculopathy) have been studied. The aim of the work is to use Carotid Doppler as a screening tool for silent cerebral stroke with MRI imaging in hypertensive patients. Methods: This study included 50 hypertensive patients. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain searching for Asymptomatic cerebral infarction. Patients with silent brain stroke underwent Duplex sonography of carotid artery. Results: Normal MRI findings occurred in only 8% of patients. Lacunar infarction, ischemic changes and microbleeds occurred in 78%, 72% and 24% of patients. High PSV occurred in 48% of the studied patients and 90% of them had normal EDV. Normal carotid findings occurred in only 10% of patients. Atherosclerosis without plaques were detected in 30% of patients while 60% of patients had combined atherosclerosis with plaques, Abnormal carotid Doppler findings detect 43 out of 46 patients with findings suggestive of silent stroke with sensitivity 93.5% and normal carotid Doppler occurred in 2 out of 4 patients with normal MRI study with specificity 50%. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 95.6% while negative predictive value (NPV) was 40% and accuracy 90%. There is significant agreement between presence of abnormal findings on carotid Doppler and findings of silent stroke by MRI, Conclusion: Carotid atherosclerosis can be proposed as a marker for susceptibility to ischemic cerebral damage.

Research paper thumbnail of Stochastic velocity modeling of Magneto-Hydrodynamics Non-Darcy flow between two stationary parallel plates

Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2021

Abstract A stochastic model for the Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD) of a non-Darcy flow between two p... more Abstract A stochastic model for the Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD) of a non-Darcy flow between two parallel plates has been presented in this paper. This is due to the significant importance and the wide range applications of such fluid along with the need for more real-life representative models, which are relatively few in the literature. The introduced novel model considered the included uncertainties in all parameters where a general numerical solution was derived using the Stochastic Finite Difference method based on Homogenous Chaos expansion (SFDHC). Four cases were studied in the investigation; stochastic medium porosity, stochastic Hartmann number, stochastic Forchheimer number, and stochastic pressure gradient. In each of the cases mentioned, the probability density function (PDF) of the resulting stochastic flow velocity was derived and evaluated concerning their mean and Standard Deviation (SD). In addition, the results in all of the four cases were further validated with the corresponding Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) showing strong conformity. Moreover, the results of the model solution were tabulated and plotted using two common values for each parameter and a Gaussian stochastic process with 10% coefficient of variation for the uncertain one. Consequently, the velocity mean, SD and approximate range varied between 0.8175 , 0.8204 , 0.0018 , 0.0573 , and 0.0144 , 0.4881 respectively. The results showed also that the largest effect of the uncertain parameters on the fluid velocity is caused by; the pressure gradient, the medium porosity, the Hartmann number and the Forchheimer number respectively. Furthermore, the results of this study provide the required uncertainty quantification for the problem under consideration.

Research paper thumbnail of Optimized Triple-Band h-Shaped Slot Microstrip Antenna Array Based Wireless Mobile Charger

The International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation, 2021

This paper proposes a novel design of a triple frequency band passive communication receiver for ... more This paper proposes a novel design of a triple frequency band passive communication receiver for wireless chargers for smart wireless devices, wearables and other wireless devices powered with lithium-ion batteries. The design of this receiver includes triple frequency band h-shaped slot microstrip two-element antenna array; Radio Frequency (RF) matching circuit; and passive Voltage Doubler Rectifier (VDR) circuits. The said antenna design uses 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2400 MHz frequency bands. This design aims to have comparatively similar charging rate as existing wireless chargers. Therefore, the proposed antenna is the major part of the design, because it should receive more power from the three RF signal sources to achieve target charging rate. Also, in the receiver design, a (Duroid 6010) substrate with a relative permittivity 10.7 is used. Such a receiver consists of an RF matching circuit, RF multistage VDR, and a DC load circuit that would produce a 3.7 V at the output. In or...

Research paper thumbnail of Detecting Imaging For Neoplastic Liver Masses in Hepatic Patients Who Received Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma makes up 75%-85% of all primary liver cancers and is the fou... more Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma makes up 75%-85% of all primary liver cancers and is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. The aim of this study was to screen for hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatic patients who received direct acting antiviral drugs using different imaging modalities. Methods: This was a cross sectional study included 50 patients who were hepatic and received Direct Acting Antiviral '' DAA'' and were carried out at radiology department in Elobour Hospital for Health Insurance after obtaining written informed consent from all patients. Results: There were 31(62%) male, 19(38%) female, the mean age 52.28 years old with range (39-65), 35(70%) urban, 15(30%) rural. There were (70%) with duration of illness ≤ 5 years, (30%) with > 5 years, (100%) with DAA, (90%) easy to treat, (10%) difficult to treat. There were 35(70%) with average liver, 14(28%) with shrunken liver, 1(2%) with enlarged liver, 13(26%) with Bright patte...

Research paper thumbnail of The Value of Computed Tomography Scanning in Assessment of Aditus ad Antrum Patency and Choice of Treatment Line in Revision Myringoplasty

Objectives: The present study was designed to detect the value of CT imaging in assessment of adi... more Objectives: The present study was designed to detect the value of CT imaging in assessment of aditus ad antrum patency and to correlate the radiological findings with operative findings. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 40 patients with failed myringoplasty. All patients underwent full history taking, complete clinical otorhinolaryngological examination and preoperative laboratory investigations. The patients were selected with the following criteria: Previous myringoplasty without mastoidectomy, dry safe perforation in pars tensa, intact ossicular chain, good Eustachian tube (E.T) function and no cartilage graft in the previous operation. CT scanning with 2mm slice thickness and 2mm intervals was done preoperatively for all patients for assessment of the tympanomastoid preumatization and condition of aditus. All patients underwent cortical mastoidectomy operation with underlay myringoplasty with tragal cartilage pericondrium graft. Patients were examined with the u...

Research paper thumbnail of Coronavirus Spread Limitation Using Detective Smart System

Given the circumstances the world is going through due to the novel coronavirus (Covid-19); this ... more Given the circumstances the world is going through due to the novel coronavirus (Covid-19); this paper proposes a new smart system that aims to reduce the spread of the virus. The proposed Covid-19 containment system is designed to be installed outside hospitals and medical centers. Additionally, it works at night as well as at daylight. The system is based on Deep Learning applied to pedestrian temperature data sets that are collected using thermal cameras. The data set is primarily of temperature of pedestrians around medical centers. The thermal cameras are paired with conventional cameras for image capturing and cross referencing the target pedestrian with an existing central database (Big Data). If target is positive, the system sends a text message to the potentially infected person's cell phone upon recognition. The advisory sent text may contain useful information such as the nearest testing or isolation facility. This proposed system is assumed to be linked with the big...

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and wheat straw using two-dimensional mathematical models and an artificial neural network

Renewable Energy, 2021

Abstract Anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge with wheat straw has been applied in th... more Abstract Anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge with wheat straw has been applied in this study. Four novel two-dimensional mathematical models (TDMMs) along with an artificial neural network (ANN) have been used to simulate and predict the biogas production via anaerobic co-digestion process. In addition, a proposed moth flame optimization (MFO) technique is used to identify the optimal structure of the proposed multilayer feedforward neural network (MFFNN) to predict the produced biogas, then, a comparison is conducted based on the results obtained from both TDMMs and ANN. The experimental results demonstrated that the co-digestion at 7% mixing ratio (straw to sludge based on weight) improved the C/N ratio to 35, and the highest yield of biogas (15-fold higher than sludge mono) was recorded, along with the largest reductions in the total solids (TS), volatile solids (TVS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with percentages of 58.06%, 66.55% and 74.67%, respectively. The four introduced TDMMs showed high correlation with the experimental data. Among them, the logistic kinetic model is considered the best one for the experimental data representation. However, the ANN results showed that the training, validation and testing of the MFFNN-MFO model yielded very high correlation coefficients in comparison with the other used models, demonstrating that it is the most useful tool for modeling the biogas production process. These findings can support decision-makers in the establishment of sustainable development strategies that utilize ecofriendly technologies for efficient power generation from biomass residues and in predicting the model behavior.

Research paper thumbnail of 4D Sonography in Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies in First Trimester of Pregnancy

Benha Medical Journal, 2020

Background: One of the most consistently used justifications for the use of obstetric ultrasound ... more Background: One of the most consistently used justifications for the use of obstetric ultrasound is that, accurate diagnosis of fetal malformations before delivery can provide health care providers and parents a number of management options. Aim: evaluate the role of 4D ultrasound in assessment and detection of fetal congenital anomalies, in 1st & 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Subjects & Methods: Fifty women were examined by 2D followed by 4D US, and 52 detected anomalies. Results: Our results demonstrate an advantage of 4D US over 2DUS in 13 % of cases, equal findings in 30%, and less information in 17 % of anomalies detected. Four dimensional US is advantageous in some anomalies of the face and extremities only. Conclusion: 2D US remains the gold standard in assessment of fetal anomalies, and 4D US, therefore, is not a screening technique but an adjunct to 2D US for those fetuses in whom malformations are already determined or suspected on the basis of standard sonography.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Diffusion Weighted MRI in The Assessment of Post Ablation HCC Viability

Benha Medical Journal, 2020

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. Local abl... more Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. Local ablative therapies include chemical (ethanol, acetic acid) or thermal ablation [radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave, laser, cryoablation] are curative treatment options that treat HCC. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated in diffusion-weighted MRI has become a favorable biomarker of tumor. The ADC is a measure of the mobility of water in tissues Methods: 30 cases of patients having HCC to radiology department of Damietta Cancer Center who underwent locoregional therapies (radio frequency ablation, microwave ablation percutaneous ethanol injection and trans-arterial hepatic chemoembolization) over a period of 18 months (APR.2017-OCT.2018). Patient are scheduled for dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion weighted images (DWI) either in the routine follow up or after inconclusive triphasic CT study to assess tumor response to treatment and detect residual or recurrent lesions. Results: The ADC variable was found to be a fair indicator to differentiate marginal recurrence of HCC from benign or pseudo-lesions the sensitivity of DWI was 80%, its Specificity was 76.7%, positive predictive value was 53.3% and negative predictive value was 92%. Conclusion: we concluded that DWI together with conventional imaging is a promising tool in the evaluation of HCC post ablation. DWI can provide information about molecular tissue characteristics; it can help to distinguish between viable and necrotic tumor areas thus facilitating the diagnosis of residual or recurrent tumor. We could recommend a cutoff value 1.024 x 10-3mm 2 /sec, with t values below this level, express viability of the malignancy.

Research paper thumbnail of Erratum: Musculoskeletal ultrasound on the hand and wrist in systemic sclerosis

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 2017

In the article titled "Musculoskeletal ultrasound on the hand and wrist in systemic sclerosis", w... more In the article titled "Musculoskeletal ultrasound on the hand and wrist in systemic sclerosis", which appeared in the pages 95-101, issue 3, vol. 43 of Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation [1] , the names of the three authors of the article and their affiliations are missing. The author names are "Gamal Abd elghafar Hamad", "Osama Taha Galal", and "Amani Omar Abd elftah". The affiliations of the authors are as follows:

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonographic findings of the shoulders in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 2017

This study aimed to highlight the diagnostic value of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) in the... more This study aimed to highlight the diagnostic value of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of inflammatory changes in the shoulders of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to correlate those findings with the clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters of the disease activity. Patients and methods This study included 40 RA patients diagnosed according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for RA. In addition, 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. US assessment was performed bilaterally in RA patient's shoulder and unilaterally in controls. All US examinations were carried out using LOGIQ P6 PRO machine equipped with 6-8 MHz broadband multifrequency linear transducer. Result US on shoulders detected that 21 (52.5%) RA patients studied had erosions, 18 (45%) RA patients had synovitis, 21 (52.5%) RA patients had tenosynovitis, seven (17.5%) RA patients had bursitis, and 18 (45%) RA patients had rotator cuff tendinopathy. There was a significant relation between US-detected erosion in RA patients and disease duration (P = 0.037) and rheumatoid factor (RF) level (P = 0.02), whereas there was no significant relation between US-detected erosion in RA patients and shoulder pain (P = 0.185), Disease activity score 28 (DAS28) (P = 0.163), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.519), and C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.561). There was a significant relation between US-detected tenosynovitis in RA patients and shoulder pain (P = 0.025). There was no significant relation between US-detected bursitis in RA patients and disease duration (P = 0.970), shoulder pain (P = 0.907), DAS28 (P = 0.471), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.220), and RF levels (P = 0.755), whereas there was a significant relation between US-detected bursitis in RA patients and C-reactive protein (P = 0.036). Conclusion US became a problem-solving approach and the tool of choice for cases with shoulder problem, and can provide an accurate answer to many clinical questions and give an accurate diagnosis of different pathological abnormalities encountered.

Research paper thumbnail of Study of early atherosclerosis in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate early atherosclerotic changes in juvenileonset systemic ... more The aim of this study was to investigate early atherosclerotic changes in juvenileonset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) patients and its relation with disease activity. Patients and methods Thirty patients suffering from jSLE diagnosed according to the 2012 SLICC SLE criteria were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory parameters, disease activity, and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were assessed. B-mode ultrasound was performed to measure carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the number and size of plaque deposits in both the left and the right common carotid arteries. A total of 20 healthy volunteers were taken as a control group. Results The mean±SD age of the patients was 18.93±2.81. The mean±SD disease duration was 4.33±2.25. The mean±SD CIMT differed significantly between the patient and control (n=20) groups (0.74±0.21 vs. 0.38±0.05; P<0.001). The presence of lymphopenia, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein was positively associated with the progression of CIMT (P=0.049, P=0.02, P≤0.001, P≤0.001, and P=0.006, respectively). Conclusion In patients with jSLE, some traditional and nontraditional risk factors such as increased low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, BMI, fasting blood sugar, and proteinuria for the development of subclinical atherosclerosis were identified. It is likely that good disease control is the optimum way to prevent premature atherosclerosis in jSLE.

Research paper thumbnail of Spectral SFEM analysis of structures with stochastic parameters under stochastic excitation

Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2008

ABSTRACT In this paper, linear elastic isotropic structures under the effects of both stochastic ... more ABSTRACT In this paper, linear elastic isotropic structures under the effects of both stochastic operators and stochastic excitations are studied. The analysis utilizes the spectral stochastic finite elements (SSFEM) with its two main expansions namely; Neumann and Homogeneous Chaos expansions. The random excitation and the random operator fields are assumed to be second order stochastic processes. The formulations are obtained for the system solution of the two dimensional problems of plane strain and plate bending structures under stochastic loading and relevant rigidity using the previously mentioned expansions. Two finite element programs were developed to incorporate such formulations. Two illustrative examples are introduced: the first is a reinforced concrete culvert with stochastic rigidity subjected to a stochastic load where the culvert is modeled as plane strain problem. The second example is a simply supported square reinforced concrete slab subjected to out of plane loading in which the slab flexural rigidity and the applied load are considered stochastic. In each of the two examples, the first two statistical moments of displacement are evaluated using both expansions. The probability density function of the structure response of each problem is obtained using Homogeneous Chaos expansion.