Osul Ahmed Chowdhury - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Osul Ahmed Chowdhury

Scholars journal of applied medical sciences, Nov 20, 2020

Samples from the 30 cases were collected, first from Department of surgery (before operative proc... more Samples from the 30 cases were collected, first from Department of surgery (before operative procedure) and then, from Department of radiotherapy (after surgery and 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy) from the same patient. Results: During the study, left breast was involved in 17 (53.3%) patients and right breast was involved in 13 (43.3%) patients. Regarding histological grading was grade-II in 13 (43.3%) cases, grade-I in 11 (37.7%) and grade-III in 6 (20.0%) cases.CD4+T cell count before chemotherapy was 1023.4 /uL (SD ± 320.7) and CD4+T cell count after chemotherapy was 540.7 /uL (SD ± 266.1). CD4+T cell count was significantly reduced after chemotherapy (z=9.164; p<0.001). Conclusion: from our study we conclude that, CD4 and CD8+ T cell number and their ratio as an assessment of immune function status in breast cancer patients, before and after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with the intention of delineating any potential immune aberrations that may result from therapy.

PubMed, Jul 1, 2018

Dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi that have the capacity of invading the keratin... more Dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi that have the capacity of invading the keratinized tissue of human to produce infections known as dermatophytosis which is commonly referred to as ringworm. Other than routine microscopy, different culture media are available for the detection of dermatophytes from patient's specimen. This cross sectional study was designed to evaluate the outcome of three different culture media and microscopy for the detection of dermatophytes from clinical samples. Skin, hair and nail samples from 84 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis who attended at OPD of Dermatology Department, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2015 were screened by direct microscopic examination using potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount. All the samples were inoculated for culture in Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA), Dermatophytes Test medium (DTM) and Sabouraud's Cycloheximide Chloramphenicol Agar (SCCA). The percentage of samples positive by microscopy was 37.5%, whereas the rate of positivity by culture was 47.6% which showed that culture was more sensitive than microscopy for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. The efficiency of SDA and SCCA was found to be almost equal. There was no statistically significant difference between SDA and DTM in primary isolation of dermatophytes, though isolation rate was slightly higher in DTM. Though direct examination by microscopy is an efficient screening technique, culture should be done for accurate diagnosis. As DTM is easy to evaluate even without handling the growth of culture in the laboratory, it is recommended to use as screening medium for the detection of dermatophytes.

Breast Cancer Research, Nov 15, 2014

Introduction: Earlier menarche is related to subsequent breast cancer risk, yet international dif... more Introduction: Earlier menarche is related to subsequent breast cancer risk, yet international differences in the age and tempo of other pubertal milestones and their relationships with body mass index (BMI) are not firmly established in populations at differing risk for breast cancer. We compared age and tempo of adrenarche, thelarche, pubarche, and menarche in a migrant study of Bangladeshi girls to the United Kingdom (UK) and assessed whether differences by migration were explained by differences in BMI. Methods: Included were groups of Bangladeshi (n =168), British-Bangladeshi (n =174) and white British (n =54) girls, aged 5 to 16 years. Interviewer-administered questionnaires obtained pubertal staging; height and weight were measured. Salivary dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate concentrations >400 pg/ml defined adrenarche. Median ages of pubertal milestones and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from Weibull survival models. Results: In all three groups, adrenarche occurred earliest, followed by thelarche, pubarche, and finally menarche. Neither median age at adrenarche (Bangladeshi = 7.2, British-Bangladeshi = 7.4, white British = 7.1; P-trend = 0.70) nor at menarche (Bangladeshi = 12.5, British-Bangladeshi = 12.1, white British = 12.6; P-trend = 0.70) differed across groups. In contrast, median age at thelarche (Bangladeshi = 10.7, British-Bangladeshi = 9.6, white British = 8.7; P-trend <0.01) occurred earlier among girls living in the UK. Compared with Bangladeshi girls, HRs (95% CI) for earlier thelarche were 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4) for British-Bangladeshi girls and 2.6 (1.5 to 4.4) for white British girls (P-trend <0.01), but were attenuated after adjustment for BMI (British-Bangladeshi = 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8), white British = 1.7(1.0 to 3.1); P-trend =0.20). Conclusions: Thelarche occurred earlier, but puberty progressed slower with increasing exposure to the UK environment; differences were partially explained by greater BMI. The growth environment might account for much of the ethnic differences in pubertal development observed across and within countries.

PLOS ONE, Oct 13, 2014

Background: Adrenarche is a key early life event that marks middle childhood at approximately 7 y... more Background: Adrenarche is a key early life event that marks middle childhood at approximately 7 years of age. Earlier work with British-Bangladeshi migrant women suggested that environmental conditions experienced before adrenarche influence adult reproductive function. We therefore investigated whether Bangladeshi children who migrate to the United Kingdom (UK) reach adrenarche earlier than non-migrants in Bangladesh or the United Kingdom. Methods and Findings: Healthy girls, aged 5-16 years, were recruited from schools in Sylhet, Bangladesh and London, England comprising four groups: Sylhetis (n = 165), first-generation migrants to the United Kingdom (n = 42), secondgeneration girls (n = 162), and British girls of European origin (n = 50). Anthropometric measurements were collected together with questionnaire data for migration and socioeconomic characteristics. Saliva samples were assayed for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Multiple linear regressions tested for group differences in anthropometric and socioeconomic variables and DHEAS levels. Median ages at adrenarche (DHEAS.400 pg/ml) were estimated using Weibull regression models for parametric survival analysis. Hazard ratios for reaching adrenarche earlier and 95% confidence intervals (CI), both unadjusted and adjusted for anthropometric variables, were estimated from the survival analyses. First-generation migrants had a median age at adrenarche (5.3 years) that was significantly earlier than Sylheti (7.2), second-generation (7.4), and European (7.1) girls. In univariate analyses, first-generation girls reached adrenarche significantly earlier than Sylhetis [HR (CI): 2.8 (1.4-5.5]. In multivariate models, first generation girls still reached adrenarche earlier than Sylhetis after adjusting for height [HR(CI): 1.9 (0.9-4.1)] and weight [HR(CI):1.7 (0.8-3.8)], but these results were attenuated. Conclusions: We suggest that rapid catch-up growth experienced by first generation girls during early childhood may explain their advanced adrenarche. The environmental conditions leading to an earlier adrenarche, as well as the health implications of this early transition, merit further exploration.

American Journal of Human Biology, 2021

IntroductionWhile many aspects of female ovarian function respond to environmental stressors, est... more IntroductionWhile many aspects of female ovarian function respond to environmental stressors, estradiol (E2) appears less sensitive to stressors than progesterone, except under extreme ecological conditions. However, earlier studies relied on saliva samples, considered less sensitive than blood. Here, we investigated E2 variation among 177 Bangladeshi and UK white women, aged 35–59, using single serum samples. Bangladeshi women either grew up in Sylhet, Bangladesh (exposed to poor sanitation, limited health care, and higher pathogen loads but not poor energy availability), or in the UK.MethodsWe collected samples on days 4–6 of the menstrual cycle in menstruating women and on any day for post‐menopausal women. Participants included: (i) Bangladeshi sedentees (n = 36), (ii) Bangladeshis who migrated to the UK as adults (n = 52), (iii) Bangladeshis who migrated as children (n = 40), and (iv) UK white women matched for neighborhood residence to the migrants (n = 49). Serum was obtained...

Background and objectivesLow levels of vitamin D among dark-skinned migrants to northern latitude... more Background and objectivesLow levels of vitamin D among dark-skinned migrants to northern latitudes and increased risks for associated pathologies illustrate an evolutionary mismatch between an environment of high ultraviolet (UV) radiation to which such migrants are adapted and the low-UV environment to which they migrate. Recently, low levels of vitamin D have also been associated with higher risks for contracting COVID-19. South Asians in the UK have higher risk for low vitamin D levels. In this study, we assessed vitamin D status of British-Bangladeshi migrants compared to white British residents and Bangladeshis still living in Bangladesh (‘sedentees’).MethodologyThe cross-sectional study compared vitamin D levels among 149 women aged 35-59, comprising British-Bangladeshi migrants (n=50), white UK neighbors (n=54) and Bangladeshi sedentees (n=45). Analyses comprised multivariate models to assess serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and associations with anthropometric,...

American journal of physical anthropology, Dec 1, 2016

To examine hot flashes in relation to climate and activity patterns, and to compare subjective an... more To examine hot flashes in relation to climate and activity patterns, and to compare subjective and objective hot flashes among Bangladeshi immigrants to London, their white London neighbors, and women still living in their community of origin, Sylhet, Bangladesh ("sedentees"). Ninety-five women, aged 40-55, wore the Biolog ambulatory hot flash monitor. Objective measurements and subjective hot flash reports were examined in relation to demographic, reproductive, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables; temperature and humidity at 12:00 and 18:00; and time spent on housework and cooking. Concordance of objective and subjective hot flashes was assessed by Kappa statistics and by sensitivity of hot flash classification. During the study period, Bangladeshi sedentees reported more subjective hot flashes (p < .05), but there was no difference in number of objective hot flashes. White Londoners were more likely to describe hot flashes on their face and neck compared to Bangla...

Lynnette L. Sievert, University of Massachusetts - Amherst T. Sharmeen, K. Begum,,O. Chowdhury, S... more Lynnette L. Sievert, University of Massachusetts - Amherst T. Sharmeen, K. Begum,,O. Chowdhury, S. Muttukrishna, G. Bentley. This study examined the pattern of occurrence and the rate of concordance between objective hot flashes measured by sternal skin conductance and the subjective experience of ‘‘gorom vap laga’’ (feeling steaming hot) among women living in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Participants were aged 40–55, not pregnant or lactating, not using hormone therapy, with no history of hysterectomy. Thirty women wore an ambulatory hot flash monitor for 8 h, on average from 11:39 to 19:46. True-positive, false-negative, and false-positive measures were examined in relation to demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle variables. On body diagrams, women were most likely to indicate hot flashes on the top of their head (64%) and upper chest (68%). The highest percentage of objective hot flashes occurred during the hours of 17:00, 18:00, and 19:00, perhaps due to the rituals associated with prayer. Among all women who reported subjective hot flashes (n 5 19), the proportion of true positive scores was 20%. Muslim participants demonstrated more objective hot flashes per woman than Hindu participants (1.5 vs. 0.1, P < 0.05), and Muslims had more false-positive measures (86%) compared with Hindu participants (0%, P 5 0.06).

Anthropological Review, 2013

The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotiona... more The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotional symptoms at midlife were associated with household composition or workloads. Patrilocal family arrangements are common in Bangladesh and, since mothers-in-law hold a position of power vis-à-vis their daughters-in-law, we hypothesized that living with a mother-in-law would increase the likelihood of symptoms at midlife, while living with a daughter-in-law would decrease likelihood of symptoms. We also hypothesised that women with high levels of household workloads would be more likely to report symptoms associated with midlife. Women aged 35–59 living in Sylhet, Bangladesh, (n=157) participated in interviews and anthropometric measures. Symptom frequencies during the past two weeks were collected. Household workloads were computed as minutes spent in housework, caring for dependents, and cooking. Daily values were multiplied by times per week the activity was carried out. Logistic regre...

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, Jul 28, 2009

Blood samples from randomly selected 100 newly admitted first year MBBS students of Sylhet MAG Os... more Blood samples from randomly selected 100 newly admitted first year MBBS students of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College were tested to find the seroprevalence of antibodies against Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Hepatitis E viruses. The study revealed a lower seroprevalence of HAV antibodies than the common perception of their age group. The rate of vaccination against hepatitis B virus was found not very high, considering the affluence of their parents. Also there were lack of awareness about risk factors of viral hepatitis and many of the students were in habit of taking food outside. Institutionalized vaccination policy for 1st year medical students against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B along with awareness building measures regarding the professional risk among the new entrants are suggested. Policy planners and other stakeholders in the field should come up with a comprehensive intervention strategy to protect the future caregivers from the scourge of hepatitis viruses.

K. Begum, S. Muttukrishna, T. Sharmeen, Lynnette L. Sievert, O. Chowdhury, and G. R. Bentley. &qu... more K. Begum, S. Muttukrishna, T. Sharmeen, Lynnette L. Sievert, O. Chowdhury, and G. R. Bentley. "The Effect of Migration on Ovarian Reserve in Adult Bangladeshi Women" American Journal of Human Biology 21.2 (2009): 245-246. Available at: http://works.bepress.com/lynnette_sievert/1 In earlier studies, we have shown developmental conditions during childhood influence ovarian function in adult Bangladeshi women. Those who grew up in Bangladesh have significantly lower ovulation rates and levels of salivary progesterone compared with migrants who grew up in UK. These characteristics remain unaffected by length of time resident in UK as adults. Here, we present preliminary data on plasma levels of three hormones (folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), anti-mu¨ llerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B collected from Bangladeshi women aged 35–59 that reflect ovarian reserve, or numbers of remaining follicles. Samples were collected on cycle day 4–6 in menstruating women and any time from postmenopausal women, and analyzed using ELISAs. We compare data from two groups of Bangladeshi women, both of which spent their childhoods in Sylhet, Bangladesh: (1) women still resident in Bangladesh (sedentees: n 5 40) and, (2) adult migrants to the UK who moved after age 16 (n 5 16). Among women aged 45–49, sedentees have 61% higher FSH (P < 0.05, unpaired t-test), 12% lower AMH levels and undetectable (<10 pg/ml) levels of inhibin B compared with migrants (23 pg/ml). Migrants aged 35–39 also have significantly higher inhibin B (96.2 pg/ml; <0.05, unpaired t-test) compared with sedentees (52 pg/ ml). Our preliminary results suggest that adult migrant Bangladeshis deplete their pool of follicles more slowly than sedentees, despite growing up in the same environment. This lengthening of the reproductive lifespan in adult migrants—following migration to a healthier environment— may compensate for lower fecundability of individual cycles illustrated in our earlier studies.

Teaching for Wisdom, Intelligence, Creativity, and Success

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2016

The Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDR Esch. coli) has emerged as a major cause of health ... more The Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDR Esch. coli) has emerged as a major cause of health care associated infections. They hydrolyze all beta-lactam antibiotics including extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems, not inhibited by serine beta-lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam and are resistant to many antibiotics. UTIs caused by MDR Esch.coliis a cause of concern due to the decreasing clinical treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to determine the type and antibiotic resistance pattern of the urinary pathogens isolated from patients attending a busy tertiary care teaching institute of Malwa region of Punjab. A total number of 29848 urine samples were collected from R.H Patiala and processed in the Department of Microbiology G.M.C Patiala (Jan. 2014 to Dec2016). These isolates were screened for the detection of ESBL and carbapenemase production by the disc diffusion methods. The retrospective data was analysed of 3850 culture ...

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 2010

British Microbiology Research Journal, 2016

Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin

Background: Brucellosis is an important re-emerging zoonosis which remains an uncontrolled public... more Background: Brucellosis is an important re-emerging zoonosis which remains an uncontrolled public health problem worldwide because of serious diminution of manpower, animals and essential foodstuffs. Transmission to human can occurs through contact with infected animals or animal products. It is a poorly recognised health problem in this country though there is persistence of large reservoirs of the organism among livestock such as sheep, goat and cows creating fertile field for unabated transmission. But data on it’s transmission potential and prevalence in this country specially in Sylhet region remained scarce. In the absence of supportive epidemiological information physicians on most of the cases have to depend on their clinical judgement to suggest relevant tests. Objective: The study was conducted to compare the sero-prevalence of human brucellosis among high risk and normal individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted amongst a total of rando...