PAUL M ONG - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by PAUL M ONG

Research paper thumbnail of Systemic Racial Inequality and the COVID-19 Homeowner Crisis

Research paper thumbnail of Asian American Businesses: Identifying Gaps and Supporting Recovery 2021

Research paper thumbnail of California Policy Options 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Fifty Years After the Kerner Commission Report: Place, Housing, and Racial Wealth Inequality in Los Angeles

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Sep 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Persistent Shortfalls and Racial/Class Disparities: 2020 Census Self-Response Rates

Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 Vulnerability Indicators: California Data for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making

Research paper thumbnail of Left Behind During a Global Pandemic: An Analysis of Los Angeles County Neighborhoods at Risk of Not Receiving Individual Stimulus Rebates Under the CARES Act

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis in Los Angeles: Identifying Renter-Vulnerable Neighborhoods

Research paper thumbnail of Neighborhood Inequality in Shelter-in-Place Burden: Impacts of COVID-19 in Los Angeles

Research paper thumbnail of Los Angeles County 2020 Census Response Rate Falling Behind 11 Percentage Points and a Third of a Million Lower than 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Keeping the Lights and Heat On: COVID-19 Utility Debt

Research paper thumbnail of Disparities in the Distribution of Paycheck Protection Program Funds Between Majority-White Neighborhoods and Neighborhoods of Color in California

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Incorporation of Racial Equity into Analytical and Modeling Practices in Transportation Planning

Research paper thumbnail of Struggling to Stay Home: How COVID-19 Shelter in Place Policies Affect Los Angeles County’s Black and Latino Neighborhoods

Research paper thumbnail of Jobless During a Global Pandemic: The Disparate Impact of COVID-19 on Workers of Color in the World's Fifth Largest Economy

Author(s): Ong, Paul; Gonzalez, Silvia; Pech, Chhandara; Diaz, Sonja; Ong, Jonathan; Ong, Elena; ... more Author(s): Ong, Paul; Gonzalez, Silvia; Pech, Chhandara; Diaz, Sonja; Ong, Jonathan; Ong, Elena; Aguilar, Julie | Abstract: This report examines the California labor force—both salary and wage earners—to identify workerswho are jobless as a result of COVID-19, and the direction and magnitude of racial/ethnic disparities.It examines the totality of the pandemic’s effect through mid-April 2020. Not all jobless individualsare properly considered in recent data on the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on California’slabor force. An important distinction among COVID-19 jobless individuals is whether they receiveunemployment benefits. Since both the state and federal governments have addressed the pandemic’seconomic devastation to workers by expanding the Unemployment Insurance (“UI”) program, wecalculate the number of jobless Californians who are eligible for UI and those who are unable toreceive benefits. As officials have sought to “flatten the curve” and prevent the number of new cas...

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Impact of the COVID-19, Pandemic in Riverside County, Unemployment Insurance Coverage and Regional Inequality

Research paper thumbnail of Keeping the Stove On: COVID-19 and Utility Debt

This report was made possible by generous support from the Chan-Zuckerberg Foundation. The author... more This report was made possible by generous support from the Chan-Zuckerberg Foundation. The authors would like to thank Chhandara Pech for data support, Joana Munoz and Nick Cuccia for designing this report, Lauren Dunlap for copyediting, and Anne Yoon for research assistance This project builds on the UCLA's Center for Neighborhood Knowledge (CNK) COVID-19 Equity Research Initiative, which includes studies examining how the negative economic impacts of COVID-19 are distributed across neighborhoods, as well as the UCLA's Luskin Center for Innovation collaborations with civic partners that help advance renewable and affordable energy in California. This research brief is the last in a three-part series that explores utility debt as a useful measure to track housing stability in California's neighborhoods. Learn more here about our first brief, Keeping the Lights and Water On: COVID-19 and Utility Debt in Los Angeles' Communities of Color; and here for the second brief, Keeping the Lights and Heat On: COVID-19 Utility Debt in Communities Served by Pacific Gas and Electric Company.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential Differential Undercount in 2020 Census Redistricting Data: Los Angeles County, California

This Factsheet summarizes the findings from a comparison of population counts for Los Angeles Cou... more This Factsheet summarizes the findings from a comparison of population counts for Los Angeles County from the 2020 data for political redistricting (P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data or PL94) and the 2015-19 American Community Survey (ACS). The Census Bureau conducts an enumeration of the population every decade and compiles the information to assist local officials to redraw political boundaries in response to population changes to ensure that electoral districts are equal in population size. While the goal for every decennial census is a complete and accurate count, it has never been perfect, both missing some individuals and double counting others. 2 One serious problem with miscounting is a differential undercount, where the enumeration systematically undercounts some populations and overcounts other populations. That is, the inaccuracies are not proportionately the same across groups. This problem has profound implications within the redistricting process, essentially disenfranchising those missed by the census and undermining the "one person, one vote" principle. There are also economic consequences because governmental allocation formulas are based on population. Differential undercount is deeply embedded in and shaped by existing structures of inequality. It is, therefore, not surprising that historically low-income persons and people of color are disproportionately missed by the enumeration, thus disproportionately undercounted. 3 1 Paul Ong is a Research Professor at UCLA School of Public Affairs. Jonathan Ong is a researcher at Ong and Associates, a public-interest consulting firm. Affiliations are for identification purpose only, and authors are solely responsible for the content. We thank Randall Akee and Sonja Diaz for their input, and Chhandara Pech and Melany De La Cruz for their assistance.

Research paper thumbnail of Technical Memo 1: Population Change & Components of Change

Part 1: IntroductIon, Methodology and data SourceS This brief examines the AIAN (American Indian ... more Part 1: IntroductIon, Methodology and data SourceS This brief examines the AIAN (American Indian and Alaskan Native) population between 2000 and 2010 in Los Angeles and estimates the components of change. The total at any point in time provides information on the size of the AIAN population in Los Angeles County, and it is useful to compare that number to the total population in the region and to the AIAN population at other geographic levels (e.g., for California and the nation). Comparison over time provides a sense of the rate of growth or decline. We start in this introduction with a discussion of basic concepts and data sources. The analysis in this report is based on a standard demographic approach to define the population at one point in time as the sum of the population in a prior time plus other factors (Cheney, 2009). The following formula is used. The population at time "t" [P(t)] is the sum of the base population in the previous time period "t-1" [P(t-1)] plus births (B), minus deaths (D), plus in-migration (IM) and minus out-migration (OM) during the time period.

Research paper thumbnail of Technical Memo 2: 2011 Los Angeles AIAN Economic Indicator Brief

This analytical brief examines the impact of the "Great Recession" on American Indians and Alaska... more This analytical brief examines the impact of the "Great Recession" on American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) in Los Angeles in comparison with Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and the total population. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is considered the primary arbitrator in determining the timing of business cycles. According to NBER, a recession is the period between an economic peak and an economic trough. During a recession, as the economy contracts, unemployment rises and income falls, leading to an increase in poverty. NBER stated that the recession started in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 (NBER, 2010). Despite NBER declaring the end of a recession, economic growth has been slow, and employment recovery seriously lags behind (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012).

Research paper thumbnail of Systemic Racial Inequality and the COVID-19 Homeowner Crisis

Research paper thumbnail of Asian American Businesses: Identifying Gaps and Supporting Recovery 2021

Research paper thumbnail of California Policy Options 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Fifty Years After the Kerner Commission Report: Place, Housing, and Racial Wealth Inequality in Los Angeles

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Sep 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Persistent Shortfalls and Racial/Class Disparities: 2020 Census Self-Response Rates

Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 Vulnerability Indicators: California Data for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making

Research paper thumbnail of Left Behind During a Global Pandemic: An Analysis of Los Angeles County Neighborhoods at Risk of Not Receiving Individual Stimulus Rebates Under the CARES Act

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis in Los Angeles: Identifying Renter-Vulnerable Neighborhoods

Research paper thumbnail of Neighborhood Inequality in Shelter-in-Place Burden: Impacts of COVID-19 in Los Angeles

Research paper thumbnail of Los Angeles County 2020 Census Response Rate Falling Behind 11 Percentage Points and a Third of a Million Lower than 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Keeping the Lights and Heat On: COVID-19 Utility Debt

Research paper thumbnail of Disparities in the Distribution of Paycheck Protection Program Funds Between Majority-White Neighborhoods and Neighborhoods of Color in California

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Incorporation of Racial Equity into Analytical and Modeling Practices in Transportation Planning

Research paper thumbnail of Struggling to Stay Home: How COVID-19 Shelter in Place Policies Affect Los Angeles County’s Black and Latino Neighborhoods

Research paper thumbnail of Jobless During a Global Pandemic: The Disparate Impact of COVID-19 on Workers of Color in the World's Fifth Largest Economy

Author(s): Ong, Paul; Gonzalez, Silvia; Pech, Chhandara; Diaz, Sonja; Ong, Jonathan; Ong, Elena; ... more Author(s): Ong, Paul; Gonzalez, Silvia; Pech, Chhandara; Diaz, Sonja; Ong, Jonathan; Ong, Elena; Aguilar, Julie | Abstract: This report examines the California labor force—both salary and wage earners—to identify workerswho are jobless as a result of COVID-19, and the direction and magnitude of racial/ethnic disparities.It examines the totality of the pandemic’s effect through mid-April 2020. Not all jobless individualsare properly considered in recent data on the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on California’slabor force. An important distinction among COVID-19 jobless individuals is whether they receiveunemployment benefits. Since both the state and federal governments have addressed the pandemic’seconomic devastation to workers by expanding the Unemployment Insurance (“UI”) program, wecalculate the number of jobless Californians who are eligible for UI and those who are unable toreceive benefits. As officials have sought to “flatten the curve” and prevent the number of new cas...

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Impact of the COVID-19, Pandemic in Riverside County, Unemployment Insurance Coverage and Regional Inequality

Research paper thumbnail of Keeping the Stove On: COVID-19 and Utility Debt

This report was made possible by generous support from the Chan-Zuckerberg Foundation. The author... more This report was made possible by generous support from the Chan-Zuckerberg Foundation. The authors would like to thank Chhandara Pech for data support, Joana Munoz and Nick Cuccia for designing this report, Lauren Dunlap for copyediting, and Anne Yoon for research assistance This project builds on the UCLA's Center for Neighborhood Knowledge (CNK) COVID-19 Equity Research Initiative, which includes studies examining how the negative economic impacts of COVID-19 are distributed across neighborhoods, as well as the UCLA's Luskin Center for Innovation collaborations with civic partners that help advance renewable and affordable energy in California. This research brief is the last in a three-part series that explores utility debt as a useful measure to track housing stability in California's neighborhoods. Learn more here about our first brief, Keeping the Lights and Water On: COVID-19 and Utility Debt in Los Angeles' Communities of Color; and here for the second brief, Keeping the Lights and Heat On: COVID-19 Utility Debt in Communities Served by Pacific Gas and Electric Company.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential Differential Undercount in 2020 Census Redistricting Data: Los Angeles County, California

This Factsheet summarizes the findings from a comparison of population counts for Los Angeles Cou... more This Factsheet summarizes the findings from a comparison of population counts for Los Angeles County from the 2020 data for political redistricting (P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data or PL94) and the 2015-19 American Community Survey (ACS). The Census Bureau conducts an enumeration of the population every decade and compiles the information to assist local officials to redraw political boundaries in response to population changes to ensure that electoral districts are equal in population size. While the goal for every decennial census is a complete and accurate count, it has never been perfect, both missing some individuals and double counting others. 2 One serious problem with miscounting is a differential undercount, where the enumeration systematically undercounts some populations and overcounts other populations. That is, the inaccuracies are not proportionately the same across groups. This problem has profound implications within the redistricting process, essentially disenfranchising those missed by the census and undermining the "one person, one vote" principle. There are also economic consequences because governmental allocation formulas are based on population. Differential undercount is deeply embedded in and shaped by existing structures of inequality. It is, therefore, not surprising that historically low-income persons and people of color are disproportionately missed by the enumeration, thus disproportionately undercounted. 3 1 Paul Ong is a Research Professor at UCLA School of Public Affairs. Jonathan Ong is a researcher at Ong and Associates, a public-interest consulting firm. Affiliations are for identification purpose only, and authors are solely responsible for the content. We thank Randall Akee and Sonja Diaz for their input, and Chhandara Pech and Melany De La Cruz for their assistance.

Research paper thumbnail of Technical Memo 1: Population Change & Components of Change

Part 1: IntroductIon, Methodology and data SourceS This brief examines the AIAN (American Indian ... more Part 1: IntroductIon, Methodology and data SourceS This brief examines the AIAN (American Indian and Alaskan Native) population between 2000 and 2010 in Los Angeles and estimates the components of change. The total at any point in time provides information on the size of the AIAN population in Los Angeles County, and it is useful to compare that number to the total population in the region and to the AIAN population at other geographic levels (e.g., for California and the nation). Comparison over time provides a sense of the rate of growth or decline. We start in this introduction with a discussion of basic concepts and data sources. The analysis in this report is based on a standard demographic approach to define the population at one point in time as the sum of the population in a prior time plus other factors (Cheney, 2009). The following formula is used. The population at time "t" [P(t)] is the sum of the base population in the previous time period "t-1" [P(t-1)] plus births (B), minus deaths (D), plus in-migration (IM) and minus out-migration (OM) during the time period.

Research paper thumbnail of Technical Memo 2: 2011 Los Angeles AIAN Economic Indicator Brief

This analytical brief examines the impact of the "Great Recession" on American Indians and Alaska... more This analytical brief examines the impact of the "Great Recession" on American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) in Los Angeles in comparison with Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and the total population. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is considered the primary arbitrator in determining the timing of business cycles. According to NBER, a recession is the period between an economic peak and an economic trough. During a recession, as the economy contracts, unemployment rises and income falls, leading to an increase in poverty. NBER stated that the recession started in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 (NBER, 2010). Despite NBER declaring the end of a recession, economic growth has been slow, and employment recovery seriously lags behind (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012).