P. Claps - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by P. Claps
Geophysical Research Letters
Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2015
The current work addresses one of the key building blocks towards an improved understanding of fl... more The current work addresses one of the key building blocks towards an improved understanding of flood processes and associated changes in flood characteristics and regimes in Europe: the development of a comprehensive, extensive European flood database. The presented work results from ongoing cross-border research collaborations initiated with data collection and joint interpretation in mind. A detailed account of the current state, characteristics and spatial and temporal coverage of the European Flood Database, is presented. At this stage, the hydrological data collection is still growing and consists at this time of annual maximum and daily mean discharge series, from over 7000 hydrometric stations of various data series lengths. Moreover, the database currently comprises data from over 50 different data sources. The time series have been obtained from different national and regional data sources in a collaborative effort of a joint European flood research agreement based on the exchange of data, models and expertise, and from existing international data collections and open source websites. These ongoing efforts are contributing to advancing the understanding of regional flood processes beyond individual country boundaries and to a more coherent flood research in Europe.
Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2014
Along-the-net reconstruction of hydropower potential with consideration of anthropic alterations ... more Along-the-net reconstruction of hydropower potential with consideration of anthropic alterations Publisher:
Stochastic Hydrology and its Use in Water Resources Systems Simulation and Optimization, 1993
Proceedings of 31 …, 2008
... Certificati Verdi (CV), ovvero ha imposto l'obbligo, a partire dal 2001, per i produttor... more ... Certificati Verdi (CV), ovvero ha imposto l'obbligo, a partire dal 2001, per i produttori e per gli importatori di energia elettrica, di immissione sul mercato di una quota ricavata da fonti di energiarinnovabile pari al 2% (incrementata ogni anno a step di 0.35%) della quota ...
Water Science and Technology Library, 1992
Mediterranean Storms, 2000
... Such a mechanism could explain some extraordinary flood events experienced in the past in the... more ... Such a mechanism could explain some extraordinary flood events experienced in the past in the same region of the case study and not justified by ... Sirangelo, B. and G. Iiritano, I processi puntuali nello studio delle occorrenza delle precipitazioni intense, L'Acqua, 6, 1999, pp. ...
Snow processes play an important role in the hydrologic cycle. Snowpack accumulation and depletio... more Snow processes play an important role in the hydrologic cycle. Snowpack accumulation and depletion not only influence annual water availability and runoff seasonality, but also the functioning of ecosystems and the interactions between human activities and surface water systems. Moreover, at the large scale, snow cover influences the climate system due to its high albedo which affects the surface energy
This study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of snow cover extent in Europ... more This study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of snow cover extent in Europe and their possible dependence with large scale atmospheric patterns affecting European weather and climate. The temporal variability and the volume of winter snowfall are important factors in the development of water management strategies for snow-dominated regions. In fact, they affect both the volumes of
Runoff regime, intended as the curve of the mean monthly runoff values, is a valuable information... more Runoff regime, intended as the curve of the mean monthly runoff values, is a valuable information for the control of water management strategies. The increasing competition between different water uses and the recognized need for a sustainable resources exploitation require an improvement in the runoff prediction procedures also for regions, as the European Alps, historically characterized by abundant water resources.
Water Resources Research, 2007
1] The assessment of regional homogeneity is a critical point in regional frequency analysis. To ... more 1] The assessment of regional homogeneity is a critical point in regional frequency analysis. To this end, many homogeneity tests have been proposed, even though a general comparison among them is still lacking. Commonly used homogeneity tests, based on L moments ratios, are considered here in a comparison with two rank tests that do not rely on particular assumptions regarding the parent distribution. The performance of these tests is assessed in a series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments. In particular, the power and type I error of each test are determined for different scale and shape parameters of the regional parent distributions. The tests are also evaluated by varying the number of sites belonging to the region, the series length, the type of the parent distributions and the degree of heterogeneity. We find that L moments based tests are more powerful when the samples are slightly skewed, while the rank tests have better performances in case of high skewness. On the basis of these findings we propose a simple method to guide the choice of the homogeneity test to be used for the different possible cases.
Water Science and Technology Library, 1996
An expression of the hydrologic response of fractal networks is derived by means of the classical... more An expression of the hydrologic response of fractal networks is derived by means of the classical approach used in statistical-mechanics. Probabilities of the rate of arrivals at the outlet of mass particles instantaneously injected into the network are maximized accounting for some suitable constraints. The analysis of the structure of fractal networks allows us to meaningfully set the required constraints, that are of the same form of these used by . The resulting hydrologic response is a Weibull distribution whose parameters are the fractal dimension and the total length of the network. A comparison with the similar form of arrival time distribution obtained by Troutman and showed it to be a particular case of the more general expression relative to fractal networks.
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2011
This paper focuses on the seasonality of hydroclimatic extremes and on the problem of accounting ... more This paper focuses on the seasonality of hydroclimatic extremes and on the problem of accounting for their non-homogeneous character in determining the design value. To this aim we devise a simple stochastic world in which extremes are produced by a nonhomogeneous extreme value generation process. The design values are estimated 5 10 We find that seasonality induces a downward bias in design value estimators. The magnitude of the bias may be large when the peak over threshold approach is adopted, while the return period distortion is limited when the annual maxima are considered. An application to a prealpine to alpine transition region located in North-Western Italy is presented to better clarify the effects of disregarding seasonality in a real case.
Geophysical Research Letters
Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2015
The current work addresses one of the key building blocks towards an improved understanding of fl... more The current work addresses one of the key building blocks towards an improved understanding of flood processes and associated changes in flood characteristics and regimes in Europe: the development of a comprehensive, extensive European flood database. The presented work results from ongoing cross-border research collaborations initiated with data collection and joint interpretation in mind. A detailed account of the current state, characteristics and spatial and temporal coverage of the European Flood Database, is presented. At this stage, the hydrological data collection is still growing and consists at this time of annual maximum and daily mean discharge series, from over 7000 hydrometric stations of various data series lengths. Moreover, the database currently comprises data from over 50 different data sources. The time series have been obtained from different national and regional data sources in a collaborative effort of a joint European flood research agreement based on the exchange of data, models and expertise, and from existing international data collections and open source websites. These ongoing efforts are contributing to advancing the understanding of regional flood processes beyond individual country boundaries and to a more coherent flood research in Europe.
Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2014
Along-the-net reconstruction of hydropower potential with consideration of anthropic alterations ... more Along-the-net reconstruction of hydropower potential with consideration of anthropic alterations Publisher:
Stochastic Hydrology and its Use in Water Resources Systems Simulation and Optimization, 1993
Proceedings of 31 …, 2008
... Certificati Verdi (CV), ovvero ha imposto l'obbligo, a partire dal 2001, per i produttor... more ... Certificati Verdi (CV), ovvero ha imposto l'obbligo, a partire dal 2001, per i produttori e per gli importatori di energia elettrica, di immissione sul mercato di una quota ricavata da fonti di energiarinnovabile pari al 2% (incrementata ogni anno a step di 0.35%) della quota ...
Water Science and Technology Library, 1992
Mediterranean Storms, 2000
... Such a mechanism could explain some extraordinary flood events experienced in the past in the... more ... Such a mechanism could explain some extraordinary flood events experienced in the past in the same region of the case study and not justified by ... Sirangelo, B. and G. Iiritano, I processi puntuali nello studio delle occorrenza delle precipitazioni intense, L'Acqua, 6, 1999, pp. ...
Snow processes play an important role in the hydrologic cycle. Snowpack accumulation and depletio... more Snow processes play an important role in the hydrologic cycle. Snowpack accumulation and depletion not only influence annual water availability and runoff seasonality, but also the functioning of ecosystems and the interactions between human activities and surface water systems. Moreover, at the large scale, snow cover influences the climate system due to its high albedo which affects the surface energy
This study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of snow cover extent in Europ... more This study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of snow cover extent in Europe and their possible dependence with large scale atmospheric patterns affecting European weather and climate. The temporal variability and the volume of winter snowfall are important factors in the development of water management strategies for snow-dominated regions. In fact, they affect both the volumes of
Runoff regime, intended as the curve of the mean monthly runoff values, is a valuable information... more Runoff regime, intended as the curve of the mean monthly runoff values, is a valuable information for the control of water management strategies. The increasing competition between different water uses and the recognized need for a sustainable resources exploitation require an improvement in the runoff prediction procedures also for regions, as the European Alps, historically characterized by abundant water resources.
Water Resources Research, 2007
1] The assessment of regional homogeneity is a critical point in regional frequency analysis. To ... more 1] The assessment of regional homogeneity is a critical point in regional frequency analysis. To this end, many homogeneity tests have been proposed, even though a general comparison among them is still lacking. Commonly used homogeneity tests, based on L moments ratios, are considered here in a comparison with two rank tests that do not rely on particular assumptions regarding the parent distribution. The performance of these tests is assessed in a series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments. In particular, the power and type I error of each test are determined for different scale and shape parameters of the regional parent distributions. The tests are also evaluated by varying the number of sites belonging to the region, the series length, the type of the parent distributions and the degree of heterogeneity. We find that L moments based tests are more powerful when the samples are slightly skewed, while the rank tests have better performances in case of high skewness. On the basis of these findings we propose a simple method to guide the choice of the homogeneity test to be used for the different possible cases.
Water Science and Technology Library, 1996
An expression of the hydrologic response of fractal networks is derived by means of the classical... more An expression of the hydrologic response of fractal networks is derived by means of the classical approach used in statistical-mechanics. Probabilities of the rate of arrivals at the outlet of mass particles instantaneously injected into the network are maximized accounting for some suitable constraints. The analysis of the structure of fractal networks allows us to meaningfully set the required constraints, that are of the same form of these used by . The resulting hydrologic response is a Weibull distribution whose parameters are the fractal dimension and the total length of the network. A comparison with the similar form of arrival time distribution obtained by Troutman and showed it to be a particular case of the more general expression relative to fractal networks.
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2011
This paper focuses on the seasonality of hydroclimatic extremes and on the problem of accounting ... more This paper focuses on the seasonality of hydroclimatic extremes and on the problem of accounting for their non-homogeneous character in determining the design value. To this aim we devise a simple stochastic world in which extremes are produced by a nonhomogeneous extreme value generation process. The design values are estimated 5 10 We find that seasonality induces a downward bias in design value estimators. The magnitude of the bias may be large when the peak over threshold approach is adopted, while the return period distortion is limited when the annual maxima are considered. An application to a prealpine to alpine transition region located in North-Western Italy is presented to better clarify the effects of disregarding seasonality in a real case.