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Papers (Other) by P. Finke

Within the framework of a multi-disciplinary research project at Ghent University, geophysical su... more Within the framework of a multi-disciplinary research project at Ghent University, geophysical survey and coring was undertaken to map the palaeolandscape in order to gain more insight in the choice of settlement location by prehistoric man. The continued research in the area of the Moervaart palaeolakerevealed that part of the northern bank of the palaeolake at Moerbeke and Klein-Sinaai became covered with aeolian sands, on top of which Final Palaeolithic surface sites were found. To the south of the palaeolake, at Daknam, a palaeochannel of the Durme river was mapped. At all research locations, samples were taken for dating purposes and for geomorphological and palaeo-ecological analyses.

Papers by P. Finke

Geomorphology, 2013

Topographic position index (TPI) is an algorithm increasingly used to measure topographic slope p... more Topographic position index (TPI) is an algorithm increasingly used to measure topographic slope positions and to automate landform classifications. We applied TPI to a geoarchaeological research project in northwestern Belgium but its use led to erroneous landform classifications in this heterogeneous landscape. We asked whether deviation from mean elevation (DEV) was a better method for landform classification than TPI. We found that it enabled more accurate geomorphological assessment when using northwestern Belgium as a case study.

Geoderma, 2004

Existing groundwater table (GWT) class maps, available at full coverage for the Netherlands at 1:... more Existing groundwater table (GWT) class maps, available at full coverage for the Netherlands at 1:50,000 scale, no longer satisfy user demands. Groundwater levels have changed due to strong human impact, so the maps are partially outdated. Furthermore, a more dynamic description of groundwater table dynamics representative for the current climate is needed. A mapping method to obtain a large set of parameters describing groundwater table dynamics was developed. The method uses time series analysis and well-timed phreatic head measurements to obtain a data set at point support. This point data set is correlated to groups of exhaustive high-resolution ancillary data by stratified multiple linear regression. Finally, simple kriging is applied to interpolate the residuals of the regression model. The method was applied in a 1,790,000 ha area and its performance was measured in 10,000 and 179,000 ha test areas. The relation between higher sampling density, mapping cost and map quality was explored. Validation results show that reasonable to good quality maps of various aspects of groundwater dynamics can be obtained by this method, at much lower cost than traditional survey-based mapping methods. The method includes the quantification of uncertainty at the actual sampling density and allows the a priori estimation of uncertainty at other sampling densities. Future research aims at identification of the effect of sources of error in ancillary data and how to diminish these. D

Geoarchaeology, 2013

The complex debate on prehistoric settlement decisions is no longer tackled from a purely archaeo... more The complex debate on prehistoric settlement decisions is no longer tackled from a purely archaeological perspective but from a more landscape-oriented manner combined with archaeological evidence. Therefore, reconstruction of several components of the former landscape is needed. Here, we focus on the reconstruction of the groundwater table based on modeling. The depth of the phreatic aquifer influences, for example, soil formation processes and vegetation type. Furthermore, it directly influences settlement by the wetness of a site. Palaeogroundwater modeling of the phreatic aquifer was carried out to produce a series of full-coverage maps of the mean water table depth between 12.7 ka and the middle of the 20th century (1953) in Flanders, Belgium. The research focuses on the reconstruction of the input data and boundary conditions of the model and the model calibration. The model was calibrated for the 1924-1953 time period using drainage class maps. Archaeological site data and podzol occurrence data act as proxies for local drainage conditions over periods in the past. They also served as a control on the simulated phreatic palaeogroundwater levels. Model quality testing on an independent validation data set showed that the model predicts phreatic water table levels at the time of soil mapping well (mean error of 1.8 cm; root mean square error of 65.6 cm). Simulated hydrological conditions were in agreement with the occurrence of archaeological sites of Mesolithic to Roman age at 96% of the validation locations, and also with the occurrence of well-drained podzols at 97% of the validation locations. C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

LUNULA, …, 2011

... Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: Record Details. Record ID, 1177085. ... more ... Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: Record Details. Record ID, 1177085. Record Type, journalArticle. Author, Jeroen De Reu [802000074505] - Ghent University Jeroen.DeReu@UGent.be; Machteld Bats [801001611267] - Ghent University Machteld.Bats@ ...

A major problem in palaeolandscape reconstruction is that basic data useable for inference are sc... more A major problem in palaeolandscape reconstruction is that basic data useable for inference are scattered in both the temporal and spatial sense. To improve the understanding of occupational patterns by means of landscape reconstruction methods, we propose the application of different process-models in the soil-water-landscape reconstruction in an interdisciplinary approach. These process-models include a digital elevation model, a hydrological model, a pedogenesis model and a land evaluation model. Due to the multiple disciplines involved, no single model can be used but a model framework is defined in which the various discipline-specific models are integrated. In this paper, each of these models is explained and illustrated for a case-study in Flanders (Belgium) and difficulties occurring when integrating the different models, e.g. grain, extent, coverage, are discussed. . In situations where data collection possibilities are limited because of the available time and funds, dealing with issues (iii) to (v) of the above list appears to offer the best perspective to improve understanding of occupational patterns. In this paper we focus on landscape reconstruction methods and the derivation of relevant landscape attributes to tackle (iii) and (iv). Although the post-processual approach (v) is not discussed here, it should not be excluded, however not without bearing in mind the recent critiques formulated by . These landscape reconstruction methods will be applied to the area of Sandy Flanders (NW Belgium). This area is situated at the southern limit of the lowland cover sand region of the NW European plain

Within the framework of a multi-disciplinary research project at Ghent University, geophysical su... more Within the framework of a multi-disciplinary research project at Ghent University, geophysical survey and coring was undertaken to map the palaeolandscape in order to gain more insight in the choice of settlement location by prehistoric man. The continued research in the area of the Moervaart palaeolakerevealed that part of the northern bank of the palaeolake at Moerbeke and Klein-Sinaai became covered with aeolian sands, on top of which Final Palaeolithic surface sites were found. To the south of the palaeolake, at Daknam, a palaeochannel of the Durme river was mapped. At all research locations, samples were taken for dating purposes and for geomorphological and palaeo-ecological analyses.

Geomorphology, 2013

Topographic position index (TPI) is an algorithm increasingly used to measure topographic slope p... more Topographic position index (TPI) is an algorithm increasingly used to measure topographic slope positions and to automate landform classifications. We applied TPI to a geoarchaeological research project in northwestern Belgium but its use led to erroneous landform classifications in this heterogeneous landscape. We asked whether deviation from mean elevation (DEV) was a better method for landform classification than TPI. We found that it enabled more accurate geomorphological assessment when using northwestern Belgium as a case study.

Geoderma, 2004

Existing groundwater table (GWT) class maps, available at full coverage for the Netherlands at 1:... more Existing groundwater table (GWT) class maps, available at full coverage for the Netherlands at 1:50,000 scale, no longer satisfy user demands. Groundwater levels have changed due to strong human impact, so the maps are partially outdated. Furthermore, a more dynamic description of groundwater table dynamics representative for the current climate is needed. A mapping method to obtain a large set of parameters describing groundwater table dynamics was developed. The method uses time series analysis and well-timed phreatic head measurements to obtain a data set at point support. This point data set is correlated to groups of exhaustive high-resolution ancillary data by stratified multiple linear regression. Finally, simple kriging is applied to interpolate the residuals of the regression model. The method was applied in a 1,790,000 ha area and its performance was measured in 10,000 and 179,000 ha test areas. The relation between higher sampling density, mapping cost and map quality was explored. Validation results show that reasonable to good quality maps of various aspects of groundwater dynamics can be obtained by this method, at much lower cost than traditional survey-based mapping methods. The method includes the quantification of uncertainty at the actual sampling density and allows the a priori estimation of uncertainty at other sampling densities. Future research aims at identification of the effect of sources of error in ancillary data and how to diminish these. D

Geoarchaeology, 2013

The complex debate on prehistoric settlement decisions is no longer tackled from a purely archaeo... more The complex debate on prehistoric settlement decisions is no longer tackled from a purely archaeological perspective but from a more landscape-oriented manner combined with archaeological evidence. Therefore, reconstruction of several components of the former landscape is needed. Here, we focus on the reconstruction of the groundwater table based on modeling. The depth of the phreatic aquifer influences, for example, soil formation processes and vegetation type. Furthermore, it directly influences settlement by the wetness of a site. Palaeogroundwater modeling of the phreatic aquifer was carried out to produce a series of full-coverage maps of the mean water table depth between 12.7 ka and the middle of the 20th century (1953) in Flanders, Belgium. The research focuses on the reconstruction of the input data and boundary conditions of the model and the model calibration. The model was calibrated for the 1924-1953 time period using drainage class maps. Archaeological site data and podzol occurrence data act as proxies for local drainage conditions over periods in the past. They also served as a control on the simulated phreatic palaeogroundwater levels. Model quality testing on an independent validation data set showed that the model predicts phreatic water table levels at the time of soil mapping well (mean error of 1.8 cm; root mean square error of 65.6 cm). Simulated hydrological conditions were in agreement with the occurrence of archaeological sites of Mesolithic to Roman age at 96% of the validation locations, and also with the occurrence of well-drained podzols at 97% of the validation locations. C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

LUNULA, …, 2011

... Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: Record Details. Record ID, 1177085. ... more ... Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: Record Details. Record ID, 1177085. Record Type, journalArticle. Author, Jeroen De Reu [802000074505] - Ghent University Jeroen.DeReu@UGent.be; Machteld Bats [801001611267] - Ghent University Machteld.Bats@ ...

A major problem in palaeolandscape reconstruction is that basic data useable for inference are sc... more A major problem in palaeolandscape reconstruction is that basic data useable for inference are scattered in both the temporal and spatial sense. To improve the understanding of occupational patterns by means of landscape reconstruction methods, we propose the application of different process-models in the soil-water-landscape reconstruction in an interdisciplinary approach. These process-models include a digital elevation model, a hydrological model, a pedogenesis model and a land evaluation model. Due to the multiple disciplines involved, no single model can be used but a model framework is defined in which the various discipline-specific models are integrated. In this paper, each of these models is explained and illustrated for a case-study in Flanders (Belgium) and difficulties occurring when integrating the different models, e.g. grain, extent, coverage, are discussed. . In situations where data collection possibilities are limited because of the available time and funds, dealing with issues (iii) to (v) of the above list appears to offer the best perspective to improve understanding of occupational patterns. In this paper we focus on landscape reconstruction methods and the derivation of relevant landscape attributes to tackle (iii) and (iv). Although the post-processual approach (v) is not discussed here, it should not be excluded, however not without bearing in mind the recent critiques formulated by . These landscape reconstruction methods will be applied to the area of Sandy Flanders (NW Belgium). This area is situated at the southern limit of the lowland cover sand region of the NW European plain