P. Gattuso - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by P. Gattuso

Research paper thumbnail of Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway molecules in synchronous follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in predicting malignancy

Surgery, 2010

Recent studies have shown that the Sonic Hedgehog pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesi... more Recent studies have shown that the Sonic Hedgehog pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer proliferation. The Sonic Hedgehog pathway is required for normal thyroid gland development, but when activated as a result of gene mutation or overexpression, it may stimulate thyroid tumor cell proliferation. This study determines whether 3 molecules, Patched, Smoothened, and Sonic Hedgehog, involved in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway are overexpressed equally in synchronous follicular thyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eighteen patients with synchronous follicular thyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent thyroidectomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue to detect expression of Patched, Smoothened, and Sonic Hedgehog in both tumor types. The expression in these neoplasms was graded by 2 observers. Five patients had insufficient tumor tissue and were removed from the analysis. Patched expression was detected in 5 of 13 (38%) follicular adenomas and 5 of 12 (42%) papillary carcinomas. Smoothened was expressed in 4 of 13 (31%) follicular adenomas and 3 of 13 (23%) papillary carcinomas. Sonic Hedgehog was expressed in 4 of 13 (31%) follicular adenomas and 11 of 13 (85%) papillary carcinomas. Expression of the 3 molecules involved in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway was similar in follicular thyroid adenoma, but Sonic Hedgehog expression was a more sensitive indicator of malignancy in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The Sonic Hedgehog molecule may become a diagnostic marker when the cytologic or histologic features are not characteristic of a papillary carcinoma. Greater understanding of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway may provide molecular methods for preventing or treating papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Research paper thumbnail of Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in chronic cutaneous wounds. A flow cytometric study

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 1994

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) arising in a setting of chronic regeneration and repair ... more Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) arising in a setting of chronic regeneration and repair tend to be highly aggressive lesions prognostically distinct from SCC arising in solar-damaged skin. Full thickness thermal injury and chronic nonhealing ulcers are predisposing conditions in up to 2% of SCC. A significant association has been suggested to exist between pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PH) and SCC. Three-hundred-eighty-six surgical cases of skin excised secondary to severe burns (n = 254) or chronic ulcers (n = 132) were reviewed, yielding 43 (11%) with PH. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. Thirty cases without PH were studied in addition to the 43 cases with PH. The majority (39/43) of the PH cases showed a single diploid population with a mean S-phase of 13.7%. Four cases (9.3%) showed an aneuploid peak. All cases without PH were diploid with a mean S-phase of 9.0%. In this study, PH was present in 11% of cases reviewed, and showed a 50% mean higher S-phase than comparable cases without PH. Aneuploidy was present in 9.3% of the PH cases studied. SCC may arise from a subgroup of PH in a background of rapidly proliferating keratinocytes.

Research paper thumbnail of Cell proliferation markers in predicting metastases in malignant melanoma

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 1995

It is often difficult to predict the outcome of melanoma in patients with Clark level III-IV dise... more It is often difficult to predict the outcome of melanoma in patients with Clark level III-IV disease. We sought to identify markers of cell proliferation which may be useful in predicting prognosis. Patients with Clark's level III-IV malignant melanoma who had no local recurrences or metastases were matched with patients of comparable level and thickness who did experience recurrences of metastases. Cell proliferation markers p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki-67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. DNA ploidy was determined by flow cytometry. There was no difference in the expression of p53, PCNA, and Ki-67 between patients with metastases and patients without metastases. However, patients with metastases were more likely to have an aneuploid tumor cell population than were patients without metastases (p < 0.03). Expression of cell proliferation markers do not appear to help predict prognosis in advanced level melanoma; however, aneuploidy may be associated with a greater probability of metastasis.

Research paper thumbnail of Prognostic Factors for Carcinoma of the Male Breast

International Journal of Surgical Pathology, 1995

Page 1. 199 Prognostic Factors for Carcinoma of the Male Breast Paolo Gattuso, MD,* Vijaya B. Red... more Page 1. 199 Prognostic Factors for Carcinoma of the Male Breast Paolo Gattuso, MD,* Vijaya B. Reddy, MD,* Linda K. Green, MD, † Melanie J. Castelli, MD,* and Mark R. Wick, MD ‡ From the *Departments of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Utilization of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of metastatic tumors to the pancreas

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 1995

There is relatively little information concerning the use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)... more There is relatively little information concerning the use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to diagnose a mass in the pancreas that is secondary to metastatic tumor. This study reviews the incidence and types of neoplasms which metastasize to the pancreas and assesses the contribution FNAB can make in their diagnosis. Of 117 radiologically guided FNABs of the pancreas, 11% (n = 13) showed metastatic malignancy. Nine patients had a previous history of malignancy while four patients presented with a pancreatic mass and were subsequently found to have wide-spread malignant disease. The majority of metastatic lesions were epithelial (77%, n = 10). Patient outcomes were generally poor (mean survival 2.8 mo). Metastases to the pancreas occur from a variety of primary sites and should be considered in patients with a pancreatic mass and a history of prior malignancy. FNAB is useful in diagnosing these metastases and this is clinically important because of their poor prognosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Role of fine-needle aspiration in clinical management of transplant patients

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 1997

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of superficial and deep seated lesions has been used with high sensi... more Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of superficial and deep seated lesions has been used with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. However, studies of FNA in post-transplant patients are virtually absent. Six hundred and seventy-four allograft recipients (cardiac 288, renal 250, lung 131 and heart-lung 5) were reviewed. A total of 30 (25 heart, 4 lungs and 1 renal transplant) patients underwent an FNA procedure. There were 26 males and 4 females. Ages ranged from 18-63 yr (mean 48 yr). The most common entity aspirated was post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in 12 cases, followed by inflammatory lesions in 10 cases, malignant epithelial neoplasms in 3 cases, and 1 case each of malignant mesenchymal tumor, pulmonary infarction, hamartoma of liver, fatty changes of liver, and a benign vascular lesion. Surgical or autopsy tissue was available in 19 cases (63.3%). There was an agreement between tissue diagnosis and FNA material in 18 cases (94.7%). One (5.2%) false negative case was recorded. This was a liver aspirate showing benign liver elements, which a surgical biopsy proved to be a bile duct hamartoma. No false positive cases were recorded. FNA is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool in the management of post-transplant patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Fine-needle aspiration of scalp lesions

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2000

A variety of inflammatory and neoplastic scalp lesions are encountered in surgical pathology. How... more A variety of inflammatory and neoplastic scalp lesions are encountered in surgical pathology. However, the literature on fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of the scalp is exceedingly rare. We report on a series of 70 FNAs involving cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions on the scalp. A total of 70 fine-needle aspirations of cutaneous and subcutaneous scalp lesions was reviewed to identify patterns of metastasis to the scalp and to demonstrate the effectiveness of FNA in diagnosing these lesions. There were 42 male and 28 female patients, ranging in age from 29 -91 yr (mean, ϳ61 yr). Sixty-one patients had a previous history of malignancy. Of these aspirates, 59 were neoplastic, consistent with the patient's known primary. One case was an abscess, and the remaining case was unsatisfactory for cytologic evaluation. Follow-up biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation. The most common primary tumor to metastasize to the scalp was lung carcinoma, which was seen in 18 cases, followed by hematopoietic malignancies in 14 cases. Melanoma was identified in 6 cases, head and neck tumors in 5 cases, renal malignancies in 4 cases, gastrointestinal tumors in 3 cases, sarcoma in 3 cases, breast and prostate malignancy in 2 cases each, and an olfactory neuroblastoma and meningioma in 1 case each. The remaining 9 aspirates were from patients who did not have a previous history of malignancy. These included 6 benign aspirates consisting of 3 epidermal inclusion cysts, 2 lipomas, and 1 neurofibroma. Two aspirates were malignant and included 1 primary squamous-cell carcinoma and 1 metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. The remaining case was unsatisfactory for cytologic evaluation. Follow-up biopsy of this lesion showed noncaseating granulomas. Of the aspirates from patients with a previous history of malignancy, 97% were neoplastic.

Research paper thumbnail of Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: A multicenter study of 602 radiologically guided FNA

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2000

With improved radiologic techniques fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is becoming a rapid, effective d... more With improved radiologic techniques fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is becoming a rapid, effective diagnostic method in evaluating a wide range of liver masses. Review of six hundred two radiologically guided liver aspirates performed over a ten-year period forms the basis of this report.

Research paper thumbnail of Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of a metastatic adult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma in a lymph node

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2010

Adult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ASRMS) is a rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma with a characteri... more Adult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ASRMS) is a rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma with a characteristic histological appearance of small, round cells in a dense, hyalinized stroma. Although nodal metastases of soft-tissue sarcomas are considered uncommon, up to 5% overall are associated with lymph node metastases. Nonetheless, there is little literature on the cytologic characteristics of metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas in lymph nodes, and to our knowledge, there are no reports of nodal metastasis of ASRMS diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We report here a 55-year-old woman who presented with a right thigh mass and associated ipsilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the mass revealed a uniform population of small, round cells in a dense, sclerotic background. A diagnosis of ASRMS was rendered. Subsequently, the patient underwent FNA of an enlarged inguinal lymph node, which revealed an identical population of small, round cells in a dense, myxoid background. This case highlights the cytologic features of a rare form of rhabdomyosarcoma, and emphasizes the utility of FNA in the assessment of lymphadenopathy in the setting of a soft-tissue sarcoma.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytologic imprints of giant atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor of the lung with extensive oncocytic component

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2008

Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors are found in less than 2 of 100,000 people yearly and comprise ... more Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors are found in less than 2 of 100,000 people yearly and comprise approximately 1-2% of all lung neoplasms. They are usually diagnosed in the fifth decade of life and occur more frequently in women. Most are central and endobronchial in location. The symptoms presented are those associated with bronchial obstruction, such as coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. Over one-third of patients are asymptomatic and have an incidentally detected peripheral pulmonary nodule. Diagnosis is usually made by bronchoscopy with bronchial brushings or biopsy. We present the cytologic imprint findings of a case of a 66-year-old man with an atypical giant bronchopulmonary carcinoid with extensive oncocytic component, who underwent a total right pneumonectomy. Diagn.

Research paper thumbnail of Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway molecules in synchronous follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in predicting malignancy

Surgery, 2010

Recent studies have shown that the Sonic Hedgehog pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesi... more Recent studies have shown that the Sonic Hedgehog pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer proliferation. The Sonic Hedgehog pathway is required for normal thyroid gland development, but when activated as a result of gene mutation or overexpression, it may stimulate thyroid tumor cell proliferation. This study determines whether 3 molecules, Patched, Smoothened, and Sonic Hedgehog, involved in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway are overexpressed equally in synchronous follicular thyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eighteen patients with synchronous follicular thyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent thyroidectomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue to detect expression of Patched, Smoothened, and Sonic Hedgehog in both tumor types. The expression in these neoplasms was graded by 2 observers. Five patients had insufficient tumor tissue and were removed from the analysis. Patched expression was detected in 5 of 13 (38%) follicular adenomas and 5 of 12 (42%) papillary carcinomas. Smoothened was expressed in 4 of 13 (31%) follicular adenomas and 3 of 13 (23%) papillary carcinomas. Sonic Hedgehog was expressed in 4 of 13 (31%) follicular adenomas and 11 of 13 (85%) papillary carcinomas. Expression of the 3 molecules involved in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway was similar in follicular thyroid adenoma, but Sonic Hedgehog expression was a more sensitive indicator of malignancy in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The Sonic Hedgehog molecule may become a diagnostic marker when the cytologic or histologic features are not characteristic of a papillary carcinoma. Greater understanding of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway may provide molecular methods for preventing or treating papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Research paper thumbnail of Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in chronic cutaneous wounds. A flow cytometric study

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 1994

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) arising in a setting of chronic regeneration and repair ... more Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) arising in a setting of chronic regeneration and repair tend to be highly aggressive lesions prognostically distinct from SCC arising in solar-damaged skin. Full thickness thermal injury and chronic nonhealing ulcers are predisposing conditions in up to 2% of SCC. A significant association has been suggested to exist between pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PH) and SCC. Three-hundred-eighty-six surgical cases of skin excised secondary to severe burns (n = 254) or chronic ulcers (n = 132) were reviewed, yielding 43 (11%) with PH. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. Thirty cases without PH were studied in addition to the 43 cases with PH. The majority (39/43) of the PH cases showed a single diploid population with a mean S-phase of 13.7%. Four cases (9.3%) showed an aneuploid peak. All cases without PH were diploid with a mean S-phase of 9.0%. In this study, PH was present in 11% of cases reviewed, and showed a 50% mean higher S-phase than comparable cases without PH. Aneuploidy was present in 9.3% of the PH cases studied. SCC may arise from a subgroup of PH in a background of rapidly proliferating keratinocytes.

Research paper thumbnail of Cell proliferation markers in predicting metastases in malignant melanoma

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 1995

It is often difficult to predict the outcome of melanoma in patients with Clark level III-IV dise... more It is often difficult to predict the outcome of melanoma in patients with Clark level III-IV disease. We sought to identify markers of cell proliferation which may be useful in predicting prognosis. Patients with Clark's level III-IV malignant melanoma who had no local recurrences or metastases were matched with patients of comparable level and thickness who did experience recurrences of metastases. Cell proliferation markers p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki-67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. DNA ploidy was determined by flow cytometry. There was no difference in the expression of p53, PCNA, and Ki-67 between patients with metastases and patients without metastases. However, patients with metastases were more likely to have an aneuploid tumor cell population than were patients without metastases (p < 0.03). Expression of cell proliferation markers do not appear to help predict prognosis in advanced level melanoma; however, aneuploidy may be associated with a greater probability of metastasis.

Research paper thumbnail of Prognostic Factors for Carcinoma of the Male Breast

International Journal of Surgical Pathology, 1995

Page 1. 199 Prognostic Factors for Carcinoma of the Male Breast Paolo Gattuso, MD,* Vijaya B. Red... more Page 1. 199 Prognostic Factors for Carcinoma of the Male Breast Paolo Gattuso, MD,* Vijaya B. Reddy, MD,* Linda K. Green, MD, † Melanie J. Castelli, MD,* and Mark R. Wick, MD ‡ From the *Departments of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Utilization of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of metastatic tumors to the pancreas

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 1995

There is relatively little information concerning the use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)... more There is relatively little information concerning the use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to diagnose a mass in the pancreas that is secondary to metastatic tumor. This study reviews the incidence and types of neoplasms which metastasize to the pancreas and assesses the contribution FNAB can make in their diagnosis. Of 117 radiologically guided FNABs of the pancreas, 11% (n = 13) showed metastatic malignancy. Nine patients had a previous history of malignancy while four patients presented with a pancreatic mass and were subsequently found to have wide-spread malignant disease. The majority of metastatic lesions were epithelial (77%, n = 10). Patient outcomes were generally poor (mean survival 2.8 mo). Metastases to the pancreas occur from a variety of primary sites and should be considered in patients with a pancreatic mass and a history of prior malignancy. FNAB is useful in diagnosing these metastases and this is clinically important because of their poor prognosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Role of fine-needle aspiration in clinical management of transplant patients

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 1997

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of superficial and deep seated lesions has been used with high sensi... more Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of superficial and deep seated lesions has been used with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. However, studies of FNA in post-transplant patients are virtually absent. Six hundred and seventy-four allograft recipients (cardiac 288, renal 250, lung 131 and heart-lung 5) were reviewed. A total of 30 (25 heart, 4 lungs and 1 renal transplant) patients underwent an FNA procedure. There were 26 males and 4 females. Ages ranged from 18-63 yr (mean 48 yr). The most common entity aspirated was post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in 12 cases, followed by inflammatory lesions in 10 cases, malignant epithelial neoplasms in 3 cases, and 1 case each of malignant mesenchymal tumor, pulmonary infarction, hamartoma of liver, fatty changes of liver, and a benign vascular lesion. Surgical or autopsy tissue was available in 19 cases (63.3%). There was an agreement between tissue diagnosis and FNA material in 18 cases (94.7%). One (5.2%) false negative case was recorded. This was a liver aspirate showing benign liver elements, which a surgical biopsy proved to be a bile duct hamartoma. No false positive cases were recorded. FNA is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool in the management of post-transplant patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Fine-needle aspiration of scalp lesions

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2000

A variety of inflammatory and neoplastic scalp lesions are encountered in surgical pathology. How... more A variety of inflammatory and neoplastic scalp lesions are encountered in surgical pathology. However, the literature on fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of the scalp is exceedingly rare. We report on a series of 70 FNAs involving cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions on the scalp. A total of 70 fine-needle aspirations of cutaneous and subcutaneous scalp lesions was reviewed to identify patterns of metastasis to the scalp and to demonstrate the effectiveness of FNA in diagnosing these lesions. There were 42 male and 28 female patients, ranging in age from 29 -91 yr (mean, ϳ61 yr). Sixty-one patients had a previous history of malignancy. Of these aspirates, 59 were neoplastic, consistent with the patient's known primary. One case was an abscess, and the remaining case was unsatisfactory for cytologic evaluation. Follow-up biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation. The most common primary tumor to metastasize to the scalp was lung carcinoma, which was seen in 18 cases, followed by hematopoietic malignancies in 14 cases. Melanoma was identified in 6 cases, head and neck tumors in 5 cases, renal malignancies in 4 cases, gastrointestinal tumors in 3 cases, sarcoma in 3 cases, breast and prostate malignancy in 2 cases each, and an olfactory neuroblastoma and meningioma in 1 case each. The remaining 9 aspirates were from patients who did not have a previous history of malignancy. These included 6 benign aspirates consisting of 3 epidermal inclusion cysts, 2 lipomas, and 1 neurofibroma. Two aspirates were malignant and included 1 primary squamous-cell carcinoma and 1 metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. The remaining case was unsatisfactory for cytologic evaluation. Follow-up biopsy of this lesion showed noncaseating granulomas. Of the aspirates from patients with a previous history of malignancy, 97% were neoplastic.

Research paper thumbnail of Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: A multicenter study of 602 radiologically guided FNA

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2000

With improved radiologic techniques fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is becoming a rapid, effective d... more With improved radiologic techniques fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is becoming a rapid, effective diagnostic method in evaluating a wide range of liver masses. Review of six hundred two radiologically guided liver aspirates performed over a ten-year period forms the basis of this report.

Research paper thumbnail of Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of a metastatic adult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma in a lymph node

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2010

Adult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ASRMS) is a rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma with a characteri... more Adult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ASRMS) is a rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma with a characteristic histological appearance of small, round cells in a dense, hyalinized stroma. Although nodal metastases of soft-tissue sarcomas are considered uncommon, up to 5% overall are associated with lymph node metastases. Nonetheless, there is little literature on the cytologic characteristics of metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas in lymph nodes, and to our knowledge, there are no reports of nodal metastasis of ASRMS diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We report here a 55-year-old woman who presented with a right thigh mass and associated ipsilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the mass revealed a uniform population of small, round cells in a dense, sclerotic background. A diagnosis of ASRMS was rendered. Subsequently, the patient underwent FNA of an enlarged inguinal lymph node, which revealed an identical population of small, round cells in a dense, myxoid background. This case highlights the cytologic features of a rare form of rhabdomyosarcoma, and emphasizes the utility of FNA in the assessment of lymphadenopathy in the setting of a soft-tissue sarcoma.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytologic imprints of giant atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor of the lung with extensive oncocytic component

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2008

Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors are found in less than 2 of 100,000 people yearly and comprise ... more Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors are found in less than 2 of 100,000 people yearly and comprise approximately 1-2% of all lung neoplasms. They are usually diagnosed in the fifth decade of life and occur more frequently in women. Most are central and endobronchial in location. The symptoms presented are those associated with bronchial obstruction, such as coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. Over one-third of patients are asymptomatic and have an incidentally detected peripheral pulmonary nodule. Diagnosis is usually made by bronchoscopy with bronchial brushings or biopsy. We present the cytologic imprint findings of a case of a 66-year-old man with an atypical giant bronchopulmonary carcinoid with extensive oncocytic component, who underwent a total right pneumonectomy. Diagn.