Patryk Jakubczak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Patryk Jakubczak
Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials, 2017
Abstract Impact resistance and damage tolerance is one of the most attractive features of fiber m... more Abstract Impact resistance and damage tolerance is one of the most attractive features of fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Adhesive connection of elastic–plastic metal and stiff fibrous composite provides excellent energy absorption and relatively low damage, especially after low-velocity impact. However, some damage occurs in laminate. Frequently, barely visible impact damage is associated with internal damaged area of the composite and composite–metal interphase, with numerous delaminations, matrix cracks, fiber fracture, and metal failure. However, there are many factors influencing the damage of FMLs under low-velocity impact such as type of metal and fibers, fibers arrangement, and impact conditions. The ways to improve their properties to withstand this type of loading could be of particular importance in aerospace structures and other applications. The methods of impact examinations, quantitative impact resistance determination, damage assessment, and numerical calculations of damage prediction of different FMLs will be discussed.
Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials, 2017
Abstract Fiber metal laminates are hybrid composites consisting of alternating thin layers of met... more Abstract Fiber metal laminates are hybrid composites consisting of alternating thin layers of metal sheets and fiber-reinforced composites for advanced aerospace structural applications. FML possess superior properties of both metals and fibrous composite materials. Fiber metal laminates are characterized by low density, excellent impact resistance, high strength-static and fatigue properties, corrosion, and fire resistance. Specific fiber metal laminates are determined by the type of metal alloy, fiber/resin system, layer thickness, number of layers in the laminate, stacking sequence, and fiber orientations. The chapter presents mechanical and environmental properties and characterization of various laminates. Applications and future trends in FML are also discussed.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2021
Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are attractive construction materials, especially for use in aerospa... more Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are attractive construction materials, especially for use in aerospace and transport facilities. Throughout their service life, thin-walled structures made of FMLs are exposed to static and dynamic loads, as well as corrosion and the unfavourable influence of environmental conditions. The paper presents an experimental analysis of the combined mechanical and environmental long-term behaviour of carbon-based fibre metal laminates and their variants with protective glass layers. The Al alloy/CFRP and Al alloy/GFRP/CFRP laminates in a 3/2 configuration were used. The tested laminates were subjected to 1500 thermal cycles with a temperature range of 130 °C. The static and fatigue interlaminar shear strengths were tested before and after thermal conditioning. It was shown that the stable stiffness reduction in the tested laminates was observed with increasing fatigue cycles, due to the progressive fatigue damage accumulation. The thermally cycled laminates fe...
2020 17th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), 2020
Nowadays, the improvement of the nonlinearity for energy harvesting systems is more and more inve... more Nowadays, the improvement of the nonlinearity for energy harvesting systems is more and more investigated due to their ability to work for a wider frequency range. For this purpose, in this work, the development of bistable plates is proposed. In particular, the properties of composite bistable boards, built of monolayers of ordered carbon fibers is investigated. This paper proposes a bistable plates, where this effect is introduced during the manufacturing by changing the orientation of individual layers. In particular, the effect of the plate size and thickness on the bistability is studied experimentally. For this purpose, the relationship of the force F relative to x, where x is a measure of the plate deflection relative to the unstable equilibrium point (at plate). Further, the potential energy Ep(x) is evaluated through the numerical integration of the force characteristic to deduce the effect of the studied parameters on the plates bistability.
Fibre Reinforced Polymers (composites) are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their exc... more Fibre Reinforced Polymers (composites) are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their excellent quasi� �static mechanical properties in relation to density. However, it is known that polymer composites do not have good resistance to dynamic loads, especially to lowvelocity impact phenomena, which is one of the most important issues for composite struc� tures, particularly in aerospace due to the effect it has on material structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in polymer composite behavior between lowvelocity impact and the similar (the same boundary conditions) quasi� �static indentation. The composites used in this study were: Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fibre Rein� forced Polymer (GFRP) manufactured by the autoclave method (materials used in aerospace technology). Impact tests were carried out according to the ASTM D7136 standard. Quasistatic indentation was performed according to the ASTM D6264 standard. After the tes...
Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a modern group of hybrid composites consisting of metal sheets a... more Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a modern group of hybrid composites consisting of metal sheets and layers of polymer composite reinforced with fiber. Desirable properties are being get throuwegh the selection of components and the configuration of layers. Nowadays, aluminum/glass fiber epoxy composite laminates type glass reinforced are most popular, but other metallic and fiber composite materials as components are widely examined. The adhesion of these components is achieved in manufacturing process during curing in autoclave or in vacuum bag using out-of-autoclave method. The metal layers are specially pretreated before the process of bonding with fibers/epoxy prepreg. A pretreatment is essential to promote one or several of the adhesion mechanisms (i.e., mechanical interlocking, physisorption, chemisorption) both improving the strength of the adhesive joint. The quality of FML depends on macrostructure and microstructure of composite—voids presence and their size, fiber distrib...
The purpose of the study is to present lowenergy and lowvelocity impact issues of hybrid laminate... more The purpose of the study is to present lowenergy and lowvelocity impact issues of hybrid laminates based on aluminium alloys connected with glass/epoxy composite (GLARE type) composites and conventional glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) used in aerospace. The tested laminates were prepared by means of the autoclave method. Their reaction to low� �velocity impact was analyzed using a hemispherical impactor (diameter 38.1 mm). The laminates were characterized in terms of damage size and failure mechanisms after impact with different energy levels (1.5 and 2.5 J). After the impact tests, the failure was evaluated using ultrasonic, microtomography and microscopic methods in order to determine the nature of internal degradation of the structure. It was noted that lowenergy impact phenomena are of importance in aerospace materials. They cause barely visible impact damage to composite materials. However, the used FML are innovative materials characterized by higher lowvelocity impact r...
Modern aircraft structures contain sheathing elements which are supposed to not only carry loads,... more Modern aircraft structures contain sheathing elements which are supposed to not only carry loads, e.g static ones, but also at the same time possess resistance to corrosion or dynamic impact. As a consequence, new kinds of hybrid materials, e.g fibre metal laminates, were created. They combine the mechanical and physical properties of various materials. Until now, the most common and widespread structures are GLARE® laminates (aluminium/glass-epoxy composites), characterised by high fatigue and static properties, as well as by impact resistance. The concurrent influence of many negative factors during exploitation causes a gradual decrease in the functional properties of these materials. One of the factors affecting e.g. static strength is low-velocity impact. Low-velocity impact often leads to macroscopically invisible damage of the composite structure, with delaminations and ply cracking occurring during impact energy absorption. Fibre metal laminates possess a much better dynamic...
The present study is an attempt to evaluate the developed exclusive technology for the production... more The present study is an attempt to evaluate the developed exclusive technology for the production of high quality thinwalled Z profiles from Fibre Metal Laminates on the basis of an aluminium and epoxy-glass pre-impregnate using the autoclave process. The research examined Fibre Metal Laminates (Al/GFRP) based on metal sheets made of aluminium alloy and pre-impregnated tape made of glass fibres in an epoxy resin matrix. FML were produced in a 3/2 lay-up (three aluminium layers and two composite layers in 0/90 configuration). The following conclusions have been drawn on the basis of our exclusive technology for the production of thin-walled profiles made of FML laminates: (1) the hardening technology for preformed components in the autoclave process ensures the achievement of excellent dimensional tolerance of thin-walled profiles made of FML; (2) no delaminations, cracks, gas blisters etc. were detected by means of structural tests; (3) the process of forming Fibre Metal Laminates b...
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility to use the thermography method in damage... more The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility to use the thermography method in damage extent analysis for fibre metal laminates subjected to low–velocity impacts. On the basis of the obtained results, it has been found that the thermovision method may be used as a relatively effective method for damage identification in fibre metal laminates. It is possible to use local temperature change monitoring in FML as a diagnostic method for these elements in real time. On the basis of the studies it has been shown that depending on the impact energy, the local temperature changes. The values of this change depend on the impact energy. Moreover, the damage area in which the thermal change occurs is dependent on the impact energy. The damage areas estimated using thermography are similar to the damage areas measured by other methods known as more effective and certain. The energy absorbed by a laminate during the impact process is correlated with the process and type of laminate d...
The presented research was devoted to determining the influence of impactor geometry on the degre... more The presented research was devoted to determining the influence of impactor geometry on the degree and character of failure of a glass fibre reinforced epoxy matrix subjected to low-velocity impact. Furthermore, the relevance of impact energy and lay-up configuration of each composite plate were analysed. The subject of the tests were autoclave manufactured 8-ply glass/epoxy prepregs of the following lay-up [0/90]2s, [±45]2s and [0/±45/90]s. The laminates were subjected to low-velocity impact tests according to norm ASTM D7136 with the application of hemispherical impactors: 12.7 mm (0.5"), 25.4 mm (1") and 38.1 mm (1.5"), for three impact energies 5, 10 and 15 J. The conducted tests indicate the correlation between the diameter of the indenter and the load applied, on the degree and character of damage of the glass/epoxy composites, i.e. the higher the load, the greater the laminate failure, regardless of the lay-up configuration. Similarly, the degree of failure is ...
Composite materials have developed in recent years. Fiber reinforced polymer composites (laminate... more Composite materials have developed in recent years. Fiber reinforced polymer composites (laminates) and aluminum alloys currently constitute the most dominant materials applied in the aerospace industry. The paper presents the tensile properties of selected fiber metal laminates regarding the content of structural components. Additionally, the failure charac� teristics of the tested specimens were determined. The hybrid systems (Fiber Metal Laminates) in this study were based on the 2024�T3 aluminum alloy and glass and carbon fibers reinforced polymers. The tensile properties were determined according to ASTM D 3039. The strain gauge Vishay CEA�06�125UT�350 was employed to measure the strain. The results have shown that the tensile properties of both tested types of laminates depend on the metal volume fraction factor. The investigated
The goal of this paper is to analyse damage in Fibre Metal Laminates, containing glass and carbon... more The goal of this paper is to analyse damage in Fibre Metal Laminates, containing glass and carbon fibre reinforced composites, subjected to low-velocity impact. The analysis is based on the assessment of force-displacement characteristics in the aspect of energy absorption connected with initiation and damage propagation in the examined laminate. On the basis of experimental research and result analysis, it may be stated that: (1) Fibre Metal Laminates with glass and carbon fibres are characterized by higher impact resistance in comparison to classic composite structures. This assumption is proved by higher maximum load levels, as well as by higher aggregate absorbed impact energy. Moreover, the aluminium layers can have a protective function as they absorb a significant amount of dynamic impact energy and lower the scope of damage in the laminate. (2) Fibre Metal Laminates with carbon fibres show greater susceptibility to damage resulting from dynamic impact than laminates with gla...
Composite Structures, 2021
Abstract Fibre reinforced polymers are one of the most used materials in the manufacturing of thi... more Abstract Fibre reinforced polymers are one of the most used materials in the manufacturing of thin-walled structures due to their favourable mechanical properties in terms of strength-to-weight ratios. The curing-process conditions of polymer-based composites can be a source of the residual stresses which can play the main role in failure mechanisms of a composite. The work presents a comparative failure analysis following the post-buckling state of thin-walled composite columns made by autoclave methods with various curing parameters and geometrical concepts. The study inspected the compression of thin-walled composite profiles with C-shaped sections and square cross-sections made of unidirectional preimpregnated tapes of glass/epoxy. It was presented that the boundaries of the halfwaves of the composite flanges are the initiation point of local but catastrophic damage (out-of-plane buckling and plies split) of the composite. These regions are stress concentration points in columns. However, the dominant form of damage is delamination. Delamination is the propagation stage of failure of composite, which propagates from initiation points. The progress of delamination occurs because of increasing load, halfwave deformation and column stiffness reduction. Depending on the curing parameters and geometrical concepts some additional, important failure initiation mechanisms, such as stepped cracks and fibre rupture, were noticed.
Composite Structures, 2021
Composite Structures, 2018
The paper presents the failure analysis of compressed channel section profile made of GFRP materi... more The paper presents the failure analysis of compressed channel section profile made of GFRP material. Three symmetrical arrangements of layers were considered: [90/0/90/0]s, [90/-45/45/0]s, [45/-45/90/0]s. In order to characterize the failure process, visual inspection, ultrasonic phased array, non-destructive testing and computer microtomography were used. Damage analysis based on studies of external and internal damage of investigated structure allowed for identification of characteristic failure modes and mechanisms. It was shown that the dominant form of destruction in the quasi-orthotropic system are matrix cracks coupled with the presence of extensive delamination while in quasi-isotropic systems more concentrated damage was noticed, in which the cracking/rapture of fibers localized in the column's corners determined the initiation of the failure mechanism and the carrying capacity loss. In addition, it was noted that the fiber directions of the outer layers determined the directions of matrix cracks and delamination propagation.
Composite Structures, 2019
The effect of impact load with low velocity in thin-walled plates and profiles has been investiga... more The effect of impact load with low velocity in thin-walled plates and profiles has been investigated. The paper deals with the relation between damage propagation, size and shape as a function of boundary conditions, layer arrangements and impact energy. The structures under consideration were made of eight-layer Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) laminate with a quasi-isotropic, quasi-orthotropic and angle ply arrangement of layers. The standardised plates predefined to CAI tests and channel section profiles have been subjected to impact load. Based on the performed tests, the impact characteristics have been obtained and compared with the theoretical model (one degree of freedom mass-spring system). Further, despite it not being mentioned in the ASTM 7136 standard, characteristic curves were identified. It was noted that the impacts introducing matrix damages and the partial fracture of the fibres significantly change the course of the Force-Time histories, particularly after the maximum impact force is reached.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2015
Please cite this article in press as: J. Bieniaś et al., Low-energy impact behaviour and damage c... more Please cite this article in press as: J. Bieniaś et al., Low-energy impact behaviour and damage characterization of carbon fibre reinforced polymer and aluminium hybrid laminates, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering (2015),
Composite Structures, 2015
Abstract The buckling and postbuckling response of the FML profile/column investigated experiment... more Abstract The buckling and postbuckling response of the FML profile/column investigated experimentally and determined analytically and numerically is compared. Real dimension specimens of 3/2 FML open cross-section profiles subjected to axial compression in laboratory buckling tests have been modelled in finite element method and examined analytically based on Koiter’s asymptotic theory. Buckling load obtained experimentally on the basis of strains is juxtaposed with those determined on the basis of deflection measurement and compared to analytical and numerical result values. Numerical model was improved with respect to the experimental findings.
Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials, 2017
Abstract Impact resistance and damage tolerance is one of the most attractive features of fiber m... more Abstract Impact resistance and damage tolerance is one of the most attractive features of fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Adhesive connection of elastic–plastic metal and stiff fibrous composite provides excellent energy absorption and relatively low damage, especially after low-velocity impact. However, some damage occurs in laminate. Frequently, barely visible impact damage is associated with internal damaged area of the composite and composite–metal interphase, with numerous delaminations, matrix cracks, fiber fracture, and metal failure. However, there are many factors influencing the damage of FMLs under low-velocity impact such as type of metal and fibers, fibers arrangement, and impact conditions. The ways to improve their properties to withstand this type of loading could be of particular importance in aerospace structures and other applications. The methods of impact examinations, quantitative impact resistance determination, damage assessment, and numerical calculations of damage prediction of different FMLs will be discussed.
Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials, 2017
Abstract Fiber metal laminates are hybrid composites consisting of alternating thin layers of met... more Abstract Fiber metal laminates are hybrid composites consisting of alternating thin layers of metal sheets and fiber-reinforced composites for advanced aerospace structural applications. FML possess superior properties of both metals and fibrous composite materials. Fiber metal laminates are characterized by low density, excellent impact resistance, high strength-static and fatigue properties, corrosion, and fire resistance. Specific fiber metal laminates are determined by the type of metal alloy, fiber/resin system, layer thickness, number of layers in the laminate, stacking sequence, and fiber orientations. The chapter presents mechanical and environmental properties and characterization of various laminates. Applications and future trends in FML are also discussed.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2021
Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are attractive construction materials, especially for use in aerospa... more Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are attractive construction materials, especially for use in aerospace and transport facilities. Throughout their service life, thin-walled structures made of FMLs are exposed to static and dynamic loads, as well as corrosion and the unfavourable influence of environmental conditions. The paper presents an experimental analysis of the combined mechanical and environmental long-term behaviour of carbon-based fibre metal laminates and their variants with protective glass layers. The Al alloy/CFRP and Al alloy/GFRP/CFRP laminates in a 3/2 configuration were used. The tested laminates were subjected to 1500 thermal cycles with a temperature range of 130 °C. The static and fatigue interlaminar shear strengths were tested before and after thermal conditioning. It was shown that the stable stiffness reduction in the tested laminates was observed with increasing fatigue cycles, due to the progressive fatigue damage accumulation. The thermally cycled laminates fe...
2020 17th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), 2020
Nowadays, the improvement of the nonlinearity for energy harvesting systems is more and more inve... more Nowadays, the improvement of the nonlinearity for energy harvesting systems is more and more investigated due to their ability to work for a wider frequency range. For this purpose, in this work, the development of bistable plates is proposed. In particular, the properties of composite bistable boards, built of monolayers of ordered carbon fibers is investigated. This paper proposes a bistable plates, where this effect is introduced during the manufacturing by changing the orientation of individual layers. In particular, the effect of the plate size and thickness on the bistability is studied experimentally. For this purpose, the relationship of the force F relative to x, where x is a measure of the plate deflection relative to the unstable equilibrium point (at plate). Further, the potential energy Ep(x) is evaluated through the numerical integration of the force characteristic to deduce the effect of the studied parameters on the plates bistability.
Fibre Reinforced Polymers (composites) are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their exc... more Fibre Reinforced Polymers (composites) are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their excellent quasi� �static mechanical properties in relation to density. However, it is known that polymer composites do not have good resistance to dynamic loads, especially to lowvelocity impact phenomena, which is one of the most important issues for composite struc� tures, particularly in aerospace due to the effect it has on material structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in polymer composite behavior between lowvelocity impact and the similar (the same boundary conditions) quasi� �static indentation. The composites used in this study were: Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fibre Rein� forced Polymer (GFRP) manufactured by the autoclave method (materials used in aerospace technology). Impact tests were carried out according to the ASTM D7136 standard. Quasistatic indentation was performed according to the ASTM D6264 standard. After the tes...
Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a modern group of hybrid composites consisting of metal sheets a... more Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a modern group of hybrid composites consisting of metal sheets and layers of polymer composite reinforced with fiber. Desirable properties are being get throuwegh the selection of components and the configuration of layers. Nowadays, aluminum/glass fiber epoxy composite laminates type glass reinforced are most popular, but other metallic and fiber composite materials as components are widely examined. The adhesion of these components is achieved in manufacturing process during curing in autoclave or in vacuum bag using out-of-autoclave method. The metal layers are specially pretreated before the process of bonding with fibers/epoxy prepreg. A pretreatment is essential to promote one or several of the adhesion mechanisms (i.e., mechanical interlocking, physisorption, chemisorption) both improving the strength of the adhesive joint. The quality of FML depends on macrostructure and microstructure of composite—voids presence and their size, fiber distrib...
The purpose of the study is to present lowenergy and lowvelocity impact issues of hybrid laminate... more The purpose of the study is to present lowenergy and lowvelocity impact issues of hybrid laminates based on aluminium alloys connected with glass/epoxy composite (GLARE type) composites and conventional glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) used in aerospace. The tested laminates were prepared by means of the autoclave method. Their reaction to low� �velocity impact was analyzed using a hemispherical impactor (diameter 38.1 mm). The laminates were characterized in terms of damage size and failure mechanisms after impact with different energy levels (1.5 and 2.5 J). After the impact tests, the failure was evaluated using ultrasonic, microtomography and microscopic methods in order to determine the nature of internal degradation of the structure. It was noted that lowenergy impact phenomena are of importance in aerospace materials. They cause barely visible impact damage to composite materials. However, the used FML are innovative materials characterized by higher lowvelocity impact r...
Modern aircraft structures contain sheathing elements which are supposed to not only carry loads,... more Modern aircraft structures contain sheathing elements which are supposed to not only carry loads, e.g static ones, but also at the same time possess resistance to corrosion or dynamic impact. As a consequence, new kinds of hybrid materials, e.g fibre metal laminates, were created. They combine the mechanical and physical properties of various materials. Until now, the most common and widespread structures are GLARE® laminates (aluminium/glass-epoxy composites), characterised by high fatigue and static properties, as well as by impact resistance. The concurrent influence of many negative factors during exploitation causes a gradual decrease in the functional properties of these materials. One of the factors affecting e.g. static strength is low-velocity impact. Low-velocity impact often leads to macroscopically invisible damage of the composite structure, with delaminations and ply cracking occurring during impact energy absorption. Fibre metal laminates possess a much better dynamic...
The present study is an attempt to evaluate the developed exclusive technology for the production... more The present study is an attempt to evaluate the developed exclusive technology for the production of high quality thinwalled Z profiles from Fibre Metal Laminates on the basis of an aluminium and epoxy-glass pre-impregnate using the autoclave process. The research examined Fibre Metal Laminates (Al/GFRP) based on metal sheets made of aluminium alloy and pre-impregnated tape made of glass fibres in an epoxy resin matrix. FML were produced in a 3/2 lay-up (three aluminium layers and two composite layers in 0/90 configuration). The following conclusions have been drawn on the basis of our exclusive technology for the production of thin-walled profiles made of FML laminates: (1) the hardening technology for preformed components in the autoclave process ensures the achievement of excellent dimensional tolerance of thin-walled profiles made of FML; (2) no delaminations, cracks, gas blisters etc. were detected by means of structural tests; (3) the process of forming Fibre Metal Laminates b...
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility to use the thermography method in damage... more The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility to use the thermography method in damage extent analysis for fibre metal laminates subjected to low–velocity impacts. On the basis of the obtained results, it has been found that the thermovision method may be used as a relatively effective method for damage identification in fibre metal laminates. It is possible to use local temperature change monitoring in FML as a diagnostic method for these elements in real time. On the basis of the studies it has been shown that depending on the impact energy, the local temperature changes. The values of this change depend on the impact energy. Moreover, the damage area in which the thermal change occurs is dependent on the impact energy. The damage areas estimated using thermography are similar to the damage areas measured by other methods known as more effective and certain. The energy absorbed by a laminate during the impact process is correlated with the process and type of laminate d...
The presented research was devoted to determining the influence of impactor geometry on the degre... more The presented research was devoted to determining the influence of impactor geometry on the degree and character of failure of a glass fibre reinforced epoxy matrix subjected to low-velocity impact. Furthermore, the relevance of impact energy and lay-up configuration of each composite plate were analysed. The subject of the tests were autoclave manufactured 8-ply glass/epoxy prepregs of the following lay-up [0/90]2s, [±45]2s and [0/±45/90]s. The laminates were subjected to low-velocity impact tests according to norm ASTM D7136 with the application of hemispherical impactors: 12.7 mm (0.5"), 25.4 mm (1") and 38.1 mm (1.5"), for three impact energies 5, 10 and 15 J. The conducted tests indicate the correlation between the diameter of the indenter and the load applied, on the degree and character of damage of the glass/epoxy composites, i.e. the higher the load, the greater the laminate failure, regardless of the lay-up configuration. Similarly, the degree of failure is ...
Composite materials have developed in recent years. Fiber reinforced polymer composites (laminate... more Composite materials have developed in recent years. Fiber reinforced polymer composites (laminates) and aluminum alloys currently constitute the most dominant materials applied in the aerospace industry. The paper presents the tensile properties of selected fiber metal laminates regarding the content of structural components. Additionally, the failure charac� teristics of the tested specimens were determined. The hybrid systems (Fiber Metal Laminates) in this study were based on the 2024�T3 aluminum alloy and glass and carbon fibers reinforced polymers. The tensile properties were determined according to ASTM D 3039. The strain gauge Vishay CEA�06�125UT�350 was employed to measure the strain. The results have shown that the tensile properties of both tested types of laminates depend on the metal volume fraction factor. The investigated
The goal of this paper is to analyse damage in Fibre Metal Laminates, containing glass and carbon... more The goal of this paper is to analyse damage in Fibre Metal Laminates, containing glass and carbon fibre reinforced composites, subjected to low-velocity impact. The analysis is based on the assessment of force-displacement characteristics in the aspect of energy absorption connected with initiation and damage propagation in the examined laminate. On the basis of experimental research and result analysis, it may be stated that: (1) Fibre Metal Laminates with glass and carbon fibres are characterized by higher impact resistance in comparison to classic composite structures. This assumption is proved by higher maximum load levels, as well as by higher aggregate absorbed impact energy. Moreover, the aluminium layers can have a protective function as they absorb a significant amount of dynamic impact energy and lower the scope of damage in the laminate. (2) Fibre Metal Laminates with carbon fibres show greater susceptibility to damage resulting from dynamic impact than laminates with gla...
Composite Structures, 2021
Abstract Fibre reinforced polymers are one of the most used materials in the manufacturing of thi... more Abstract Fibre reinforced polymers are one of the most used materials in the manufacturing of thin-walled structures due to their favourable mechanical properties in terms of strength-to-weight ratios. The curing-process conditions of polymer-based composites can be a source of the residual stresses which can play the main role in failure mechanisms of a composite. The work presents a comparative failure analysis following the post-buckling state of thin-walled composite columns made by autoclave methods with various curing parameters and geometrical concepts. The study inspected the compression of thin-walled composite profiles with C-shaped sections and square cross-sections made of unidirectional preimpregnated tapes of glass/epoxy. It was presented that the boundaries of the halfwaves of the composite flanges are the initiation point of local but catastrophic damage (out-of-plane buckling and plies split) of the composite. These regions are stress concentration points in columns. However, the dominant form of damage is delamination. Delamination is the propagation stage of failure of composite, which propagates from initiation points. The progress of delamination occurs because of increasing load, halfwave deformation and column stiffness reduction. Depending on the curing parameters and geometrical concepts some additional, important failure initiation mechanisms, such as stepped cracks and fibre rupture, were noticed.
Composite Structures, 2021
Composite Structures, 2018
The paper presents the failure analysis of compressed channel section profile made of GFRP materi... more The paper presents the failure analysis of compressed channel section profile made of GFRP material. Three symmetrical arrangements of layers were considered: [90/0/90/0]s, [90/-45/45/0]s, [45/-45/90/0]s. In order to characterize the failure process, visual inspection, ultrasonic phased array, non-destructive testing and computer microtomography were used. Damage analysis based on studies of external and internal damage of investigated structure allowed for identification of characteristic failure modes and mechanisms. It was shown that the dominant form of destruction in the quasi-orthotropic system are matrix cracks coupled with the presence of extensive delamination while in quasi-isotropic systems more concentrated damage was noticed, in which the cracking/rapture of fibers localized in the column's corners determined the initiation of the failure mechanism and the carrying capacity loss. In addition, it was noted that the fiber directions of the outer layers determined the directions of matrix cracks and delamination propagation.
Composite Structures, 2019
The effect of impact load with low velocity in thin-walled plates and profiles has been investiga... more The effect of impact load with low velocity in thin-walled plates and profiles has been investigated. The paper deals with the relation between damage propagation, size and shape as a function of boundary conditions, layer arrangements and impact energy. The structures under consideration were made of eight-layer Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) laminate with a quasi-isotropic, quasi-orthotropic and angle ply arrangement of layers. The standardised plates predefined to CAI tests and channel section profiles have been subjected to impact load. Based on the performed tests, the impact characteristics have been obtained and compared with the theoretical model (one degree of freedom mass-spring system). Further, despite it not being mentioned in the ASTM 7136 standard, characteristic curves were identified. It was noted that the impacts introducing matrix damages and the partial fracture of the fibres significantly change the course of the Force-Time histories, particularly after the maximum impact force is reached.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2015
Please cite this article in press as: J. Bieniaś et al., Low-energy impact behaviour and damage c... more Please cite this article in press as: J. Bieniaś et al., Low-energy impact behaviour and damage characterization of carbon fibre reinforced polymer and aluminium hybrid laminates, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering (2015),
Composite Structures, 2015
Abstract The buckling and postbuckling response of the FML profile/column investigated experiment... more Abstract The buckling and postbuckling response of the FML profile/column investigated experimentally and determined analytically and numerically is compared. Real dimension specimens of 3/2 FML open cross-section profiles subjected to axial compression in laboratory buckling tests have been modelled in finite element method and examined analytically based on Koiter’s asymptotic theory. Buckling load obtained experimentally on the basis of strains is juxtaposed with those determined on the basis of deflection measurement and compared to analytical and numerical result values. Numerical model was improved with respect to the experimental findings.