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Papers by Phimchanok Jaturapiree

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) consisted of 2-5 molecules of fructose and one molecule of glucose w... more Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) consisted of 2-5 molecules of fructose and one molecule of glucose whereas inulin contained more than 5 molecules of fructose and one molecule of glucose at the reducing end. They are widely used in food industry as the prebiotic. The prebiotics stability is desirable to maintain their functional property. The stabilities of the synthesized prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and extracted inulin from Jerusalem artichoke in the simulated processing conditions were determined using a prebiotic activity assay. The prebiotic activity scores were determined based on the change in cell biomass of Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR1338 on the prebiotic relative to that of Escherichia coli TISTR 780 under the same processing conditions. The tested synthesized FOS were rather unstable. Also, it showed the reduction in prebiotic activity scores after exposure to high temperature (85°C) at all acidic pH levels. The extracted inulins were considered functionally st...

Abstract This research was conducted to investigate the effect of pretreatment using high-power u... more Abstract This research was conducted to investigate the effect of pretreatment using high-power ultrasonicwave (750 W) at the sound frequency of 20 kHz on the extraction efficiency of inulin from Jerusalemartichoke tuber. Pretreatments were performed using various ultrasound wave amplitudes (20, 40, 60, 80and 100%), pretreatment times (1, 5 and 10 min) and pretreatment temperatures (25 and 80 °C). This wasfollowed by hot-water extraction at 80 °C for 1 h. The Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder to water ratiowas 1:50 by weight. Results showed that without the pretreatment the inulin extraction yield was only49.8% (dry weight). Pretreatment using ultrasound at every condition increased the extraction yield and thepretreatments at 80 °C resulted in higher extraction yields than the pretreatments at 25 °C. However, HPLCanalysis of carbohydrate components revealed that the ultrasonic pretreatment resulted in higher mono- anddi-saccharides ratio, which suggested that the ultrasound pretreatment was able to promote depolymerizationof inulin chain. Keywords : Carbohydrate; Extraction efficiency; Fructan; ltrasonic wave

วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร, 13(1) : 180-192This research studies the production of bacteria... more วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร, 13(1) : 180-192This research studies the production of bacterial cellulose from Acetobacter xylinum TISTR 975 with pineapple peel juice, a low cost carbon source, and coconut water as nutrient and carbon source. The factors influencing the production were studied including incubation time, type of carbon sources and ratio of mixed carbon sources. In addition, the characteristics of the produced bacterial cellulose were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Differential Scanning Colorimeter (DSC) and x-ray Diffractometer (xRD). It was found that the coconut water produced the amount of bacterial cellulose higher than the pineapple peel juice with 10 days of production. An addition of the coconut water into the pineapple peel juice increased the amount of bacterial cellulose. The characteristics of two bacterial celluloses from two different sources...

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2010

Lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 immobilized on loofa sponge ... more Lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 immobilized on loofa sponge (LS) was evaluated. To increase the surface area of LS for cell immobilization, H2O2 and chitosan were introduced as surface modifying reagents. Four chitosan of different molecular weight were separately coated on LS. All experiments were conducted in shaking flask mode at 100 rpm rotating speed and 37 degrees with 5% CaCO3 as a pH regulating agent. The effects of initial glucose concentration were investigated in the range of 20-100 g L-1 on LA fermentation by free cells. The results indicate that the maximum concentration of LA was produced with 50 g L-1 glucose concentration. The immobilized cell system produced 1.5 times higher concentration than free cells for 24 h of fermentation. Moreover, immobilized cells can shorten the fermentation time by 2 fold compared with free cells at the same level of LA concentration. At 1% w/v chitosan in 2% v/v acetic acid, Yp/s and productivities of various molecular weight of chitosan were insignificantly different. Repeated batch fermentations showed 5 effective recycles with Yp/s and productivity in the range of 0.55-0.85 and 0.90-1.20 g L-1 h-1, respectively. It is evident that immobilization of L. salivarius onto LS permits reuse of the system under these fermentation conditions. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that there were more intact cells on the chitosan-treated LS than on the untreated LS, thus confirming the effectiveness of the LS-chitosan combination when being utilized as a promising immobilization carrier for LA fermentation.

Journal of Food Science and Engineering

The enzyme β-galactosidase (lactase; EC 3.2.1.23) is a commercially important enzyme due to its v... more The enzyme β-galactosidase (lactase; EC 3.2.1.23) is a commercially important enzyme due to its various applications in dairy and food industries, which are based on the β-galactosidase-catalysed hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose. The objectives of this work were to identify novel and attractive sources of this industrially relevant enzyme, and to study the effect of selected growth parameters (carbon source, lactose concentration, nitrogen source, peptone concentration, initial pH and temperature) on the formation of β-galactosidase. Based on a screening of isolates from Tha Pai hot spring, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand, strain B1.1 was selected for further studies. Strain B1.1 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-positive bacterium that forms endospores. Based on the sequence of the 16S rDNA determined, this isolate is most closely related to Anoxybacillus sp. and Bacillus sp., and hence the strain is designated as Bacillus sp. B1.1. β-Galactosidase was produced by this strain with lactose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Optimal enzyme production occurred at an initial culture pH of 8.5 and at 45 °C. Under these optimum culture conditions, maximal volumetric and specific β-galactosidase activity of 0.478 U mL-1 and 0.338 U mg-1 protein, respectively, were obtained after 13 h of cultivation in a medium contain 2.5% lactose, 2.0% peptone, 0.3% K 2 HPO 4 , 0.1% KH 2 PO 4 and 0.05% MgSO 4 •7H 2 O.

Dextran is a natural homopolysaccharide composed of α (1,6)-linkages in their major chain and is ... more Dextran is a natural homopolysaccharide composed of α (1,6)-linkages in their major chain and is synthesized by dextransucrase of the microbial cell in the presence of sucrose as a substrate. The production of dextran by sucrose fermentation using Leuconostoc mesenteroides TISTR 053 was carried out in a Biostat B plus fermenter with total working volume of 3 liter. The effects of sucrose concentrations and modes of operation (batch and fed batch) were studied. The maximum dextran production obtained after 24 hours of incubation at 37 o C with 20% sucrose in batch fermentation. The fed batch fermentation promoted the dextran productivity. The structure of dextran was determined and confirmed by FTIR and NMR.

The enzyme β-galactosidase has two main biotechnological applications in milk and dairy products,... more The enzyme β-galactosidase has two main biotechnological applications in milk and dairy products, e.g. the removal of lactose from milk for lactose-intolerant people and the production of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) for use in probiotic food. The intracellular β-galactosidase from thermophile B1.2 was isolated from Ta Pai hot spring, Maehongson, Thailand. The enzyme was purified by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography with a fold purification of 2.2 and 3.9, respectively. The activity of purified β-galactosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 60 0 C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 40-60 0 C with the pH stability in the range of 6.0 - 10.0. The Km and Vmax values for oNPG were determined as 28.85 mM and 8.38 ×10 -3 mmolL -1 min -1 , respectively. An intracellular β-galactosidase from B1.2 was also inhibited by various mono- and divalent cations, including Zn + and Mg 2+ ; reagents, including EDTA. It was m...

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by a range of microbes under unfavorable growth c... more Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by a range of microbes under unfavorable growth conditions and stored as an intracellular carbon and energy material. PHB production is more expensive than petrochemical polymer production. The main production cost is the cost of carbon substrate. The aim of this study is to produce PHB using a cheap carbon source, crude glycerol, which is a major byproduct in the biodiesel manufacturing process. PHB producing bacteria species were isolated from the soil collected around biodiesel plants and screened by Nile Red staining method. The effects of sources and concentrations of crude glycerol on the biosynthesis of PHB were investigated. The maximum PHB content obtained after 24 hours of batch cultivation was 23.59 % of cell dry weight at initial crude glycerol of 10 g/L and C:N ratio of 1:0.4.

Bacterial cellulose (BC), produced by some bacteria has received attention because its high purit... more Bacterial cellulose (BC), produced by some bacteria has received attention because its high purity and robust characteristics enable its use in medicine and industry. This study aimed to screen bacteria capable of producing BC from fruits, and to optimize the BC production in both traditional YE yeast fermentation and Schramm and Hestrin (SH) media. The rice washing drainage without any pretreatment as the sole carbon source in the yeast medium was also investigated for BC production in both static and agitated cultures. The bacterial strain Li1 isolated from apple (Malus pumila) was identified as Komagataeibacter (Gluconacetobacter) nataicola based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. K. nataicola Li1 cultured in a YE medium produced significantly more BC than that in a SH medium in the static culture. Moreover, the weight yields of dry BC films obtained from rice washing drainage and YE media in the static cultures were not significantly different. However, in the agitated culture, the ...

Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by some bacteria receives ample of attention due to its high pu... more Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by some bacteria receives ample of attention due to its high purity and robust cellulose that could be used in medicine and industrial practices. This study aimed to screen bacteria capable of producing BC from fruits, and to optimize the BC production from the screened bacteria in traditional YE and Schramm and Hestrin (SH) media. The glucose-replacing water from washing rice (WWR) without pretreatment as the sole carbon source in YE medium, was also investigated for BC production. The morphology, chemical structure, crystallinity and purity of BC were then characterized using SEM, FT-IR, XRD and DSC techniques. Results stated that the bacterial strain Li1 isolated from apple (Malus pumila) was identified as Komagataeibacter (Gluconacetobacter) nataicola. K. nataicola produced significantly more BC with YE medium than with SH medium in static culture. The optimum conditions for BC production in WWR-based medium at 4 g/L of total sugar were found to be 5% (v/v) inoculum at initial pH 4.5 and temperature of 25 °C for 13 days of incubation. However, the BC production was not increased by adding CaCO 3 and agar to the medium. Moreover, the weight yield of dry BC film in WWR-based and YE media was not significantly different in static culture, but produced more significantly in YE medium than obtained in WWR medium in agitated culture condition. SEM analysis revealed that average diameters of BC in WWR and YE media in static culture and in WWR-based medium in agitated culture condition were 31, 49 and 24 nm, respectively. The crystallinity index of BC in WWR and YE media in static culture and in agitated culture were approximately 72, 68, 80 and 57%, respectively. The varieties of BC showed no significantly different chemical structure. The purity of BC was in the range of 140-149 °C, whereas that in YE medium in agitated culture was lower at 111 °C. This study shows the suitability of WWR as the low-cost carbon substrate for BC production by K. nataicola.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) consisted of 2-5 molecules of fructose and one molecule of glucose w... more Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) consisted of 2-5 molecules of fructose and one molecule of glucose whereas inulin contained more than 5 molecules of fructose and one molecule of glucose at the reducing end. They are widely used in food industry as the prebiotic. The prebiotics stability is desirable to maintain their functional property. The stabilities of the synthesized prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and extracted inulin from Jerusalem artichoke in the simulated processing conditions were determined using a prebiotic activity assay. The prebiotic activity scores were determined based on the change in cell biomass of Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR1338 on the prebiotic relative to that of Escherichia coli TISTR 780 under the same processing conditions. The tested synthesized FOS were rather unstable. Also, it showed the reduction in prebiotic activity scores after exposure to high temperature (85°C) at all acidic pH levels. The extracted inulins were considered functionally st...

Abstract This research was conducted to investigate the effect of pretreatment using high-power u... more Abstract This research was conducted to investigate the effect of pretreatment using high-power ultrasonicwave (750 W) at the sound frequency of 20 kHz on the extraction efficiency of inulin from Jerusalemartichoke tuber. Pretreatments were performed using various ultrasound wave amplitudes (20, 40, 60, 80and 100%), pretreatment times (1, 5 and 10 min) and pretreatment temperatures (25 and 80 °C). This wasfollowed by hot-water extraction at 80 °C for 1 h. The Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder to water ratiowas 1:50 by weight. Results showed that without the pretreatment the inulin extraction yield was only49.8% (dry weight). Pretreatment using ultrasound at every condition increased the extraction yield and thepretreatments at 80 °C resulted in higher extraction yields than the pretreatments at 25 °C. However, HPLCanalysis of carbohydrate components revealed that the ultrasonic pretreatment resulted in higher mono- anddi-saccharides ratio, which suggested that the ultrasound pretreatment was able to promote depolymerizationof inulin chain. Keywords : Carbohydrate; Extraction efficiency; Fructan; ltrasonic wave

วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร, 13(1) : 180-192This research studies the production of bacteria... more วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร, 13(1) : 180-192This research studies the production of bacterial cellulose from Acetobacter xylinum TISTR 975 with pineapple peel juice, a low cost carbon source, and coconut water as nutrient and carbon source. The factors influencing the production were studied including incubation time, type of carbon sources and ratio of mixed carbon sources. In addition, the characteristics of the produced bacterial cellulose were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Differential Scanning Colorimeter (DSC) and x-ray Diffractometer (xRD). It was found that the coconut water produced the amount of bacterial cellulose higher than the pineapple peel juice with 10 days of production. An addition of the coconut water into the pineapple peel juice increased the amount of bacterial cellulose. The characteristics of two bacterial celluloses from two different sources...

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2010

Lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 immobilized on loofa sponge ... more Lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 immobilized on loofa sponge (LS) was evaluated. To increase the surface area of LS for cell immobilization, H2O2 and chitosan were introduced as surface modifying reagents. Four chitosan of different molecular weight were separately coated on LS. All experiments were conducted in shaking flask mode at 100 rpm rotating speed and 37 degrees with 5% CaCO3 as a pH regulating agent. The effects of initial glucose concentration were investigated in the range of 20-100 g L-1 on LA fermentation by free cells. The results indicate that the maximum concentration of LA was produced with 50 g L-1 glucose concentration. The immobilized cell system produced 1.5 times higher concentration than free cells for 24 h of fermentation. Moreover, immobilized cells can shorten the fermentation time by 2 fold compared with free cells at the same level of LA concentration. At 1% w/v chitosan in 2% v/v acetic acid, Yp/s and productivities of various molecular weight of chitosan were insignificantly different. Repeated batch fermentations showed 5 effective recycles with Yp/s and productivity in the range of 0.55-0.85 and 0.90-1.20 g L-1 h-1, respectively. It is evident that immobilization of L. salivarius onto LS permits reuse of the system under these fermentation conditions. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that there were more intact cells on the chitosan-treated LS than on the untreated LS, thus confirming the effectiveness of the LS-chitosan combination when being utilized as a promising immobilization carrier for LA fermentation.

Journal of Food Science and Engineering

The enzyme β-galactosidase (lactase; EC 3.2.1.23) is a commercially important enzyme due to its v... more The enzyme β-galactosidase (lactase; EC 3.2.1.23) is a commercially important enzyme due to its various applications in dairy and food industries, which are based on the β-galactosidase-catalysed hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose. The objectives of this work were to identify novel and attractive sources of this industrially relevant enzyme, and to study the effect of selected growth parameters (carbon source, lactose concentration, nitrogen source, peptone concentration, initial pH and temperature) on the formation of β-galactosidase. Based on a screening of isolates from Tha Pai hot spring, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand, strain B1.1 was selected for further studies. Strain B1.1 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-positive bacterium that forms endospores. Based on the sequence of the 16S rDNA determined, this isolate is most closely related to Anoxybacillus sp. and Bacillus sp., and hence the strain is designated as Bacillus sp. B1.1. β-Galactosidase was produced by this strain with lactose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Optimal enzyme production occurred at an initial culture pH of 8.5 and at 45 °C. Under these optimum culture conditions, maximal volumetric and specific β-galactosidase activity of 0.478 U mL-1 and 0.338 U mg-1 protein, respectively, were obtained after 13 h of cultivation in a medium contain 2.5% lactose, 2.0% peptone, 0.3% K 2 HPO 4 , 0.1% KH 2 PO 4 and 0.05% MgSO 4 •7H 2 O.

Dextran is a natural homopolysaccharide composed of α (1,6)-linkages in their major chain and is ... more Dextran is a natural homopolysaccharide composed of α (1,6)-linkages in their major chain and is synthesized by dextransucrase of the microbial cell in the presence of sucrose as a substrate. The production of dextran by sucrose fermentation using Leuconostoc mesenteroides TISTR 053 was carried out in a Biostat B plus fermenter with total working volume of 3 liter. The effects of sucrose concentrations and modes of operation (batch and fed batch) were studied. The maximum dextran production obtained after 24 hours of incubation at 37 o C with 20% sucrose in batch fermentation. The fed batch fermentation promoted the dextran productivity. The structure of dextran was determined and confirmed by FTIR and NMR.

The enzyme β-galactosidase has two main biotechnological applications in milk and dairy products,... more The enzyme β-galactosidase has two main biotechnological applications in milk and dairy products, e.g. the removal of lactose from milk for lactose-intolerant people and the production of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) for use in probiotic food. The intracellular β-galactosidase from thermophile B1.2 was isolated from Ta Pai hot spring, Maehongson, Thailand. The enzyme was purified by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography with a fold purification of 2.2 and 3.9, respectively. The activity of purified β-galactosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 60 0 C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 40-60 0 C with the pH stability in the range of 6.0 - 10.0. The Km and Vmax values for oNPG were determined as 28.85 mM and 8.38 ×10 -3 mmolL -1 min -1 , respectively. An intracellular β-galactosidase from B1.2 was also inhibited by various mono- and divalent cations, including Zn + and Mg 2+ ; reagents, including EDTA. It was m...

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by a range of microbes under unfavorable growth c... more Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by a range of microbes under unfavorable growth conditions and stored as an intracellular carbon and energy material. PHB production is more expensive than petrochemical polymer production. The main production cost is the cost of carbon substrate. The aim of this study is to produce PHB using a cheap carbon source, crude glycerol, which is a major byproduct in the biodiesel manufacturing process. PHB producing bacteria species were isolated from the soil collected around biodiesel plants and screened by Nile Red staining method. The effects of sources and concentrations of crude glycerol on the biosynthesis of PHB were investigated. The maximum PHB content obtained after 24 hours of batch cultivation was 23.59 % of cell dry weight at initial crude glycerol of 10 g/L and C:N ratio of 1:0.4.

Bacterial cellulose (BC), produced by some bacteria has received attention because its high purit... more Bacterial cellulose (BC), produced by some bacteria has received attention because its high purity and robust characteristics enable its use in medicine and industry. This study aimed to screen bacteria capable of producing BC from fruits, and to optimize the BC production in both traditional YE yeast fermentation and Schramm and Hestrin (SH) media. The rice washing drainage without any pretreatment as the sole carbon source in the yeast medium was also investigated for BC production in both static and agitated cultures. The bacterial strain Li1 isolated from apple (Malus pumila) was identified as Komagataeibacter (Gluconacetobacter) nataicola based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. K. nataicola Li1 cultured in a YE medium produced significantly more BC than that in a SH medium in the static culture. Moreover, the weight yields of dry BC films obtained from rice washing drainage and YE media in the static cultures were not significantly different. However, in the agitated culture, the ...

Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by some bacteria receives ample of attention due to its high pu... more Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by some bacteria receives ample of attention due to its high purity and robust cellulose that could be used in medicine and industrial practices. This study aimed to screen bacteria capable of producing BC from fruits, and to optimize the BC production from the screened bacteria in traditional YE and Schramm and Hestrin (SH) media. The glucose-replacing water from washing rice (WWR) without pretreatment as the sole carbon source in YE medium, was also investigated for BC production. The morphology, chemical structure, crystallinity and purity of BC were then characterized using SEM, FT-IR, XRD and DSC techniques. Results stated that the bacterial strain Li1 isolated from apple (Malus pumila) was identified as Komagataeibacter (Gluconacetobacter) nataicola. K. nataicola produced significantly more BC with YE medium than with SH medium in static culture. The optimum conditions for BC production in WWR-based medium at 4 g/L of total sugar were found to be 5% (v/v) inoculum at initial pH 4.5 and temperature of 25 °C for 13 days of incubation. However, the BC production was not increased by adding CaCO 3 and agar to the medium. Moreover, the weight yield of dry BC film in WWR-based and YE media was not significantly different in static culture, but produced more significantly in YE medium than obtained in WWR medium in agitated culture condition. SEM analysis revealed that average diameters of BC in WWR and YE media in static culture and in WWR-based medium in agitated culture condition were 31, 49 and 24 nm, respectively. The crystallinity index of BC in WWR and YE media in static culture and in agitated culture were approximately 72, 68, 80 and 57%, respectively. The varieties of BC showed no significantly different chemical structure. The purity of BC was in the range of 140-149 °C, whereas that in YE medium in agitated culture was lower at 111 °C. This study shows the suitability of WWR as the low-cost carbon substrate for BC production by K. nataicola.