P. Lissouba - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by P. Lissouba

These include: References http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/85/2/116#BIBL This article cites 29... more These include: References http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/85/2/116#BIBL This article cites 29 articles, 12 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access This article is free to access Rapid responses http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/85/2/116 You can respond to this article at: service Email alerting the top right corner of the article Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012

Background: Dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2, which is not uncommon in West Africa, has import... more Background: Dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2, which is not uncommon in West Africa, has important implications for transmission, progression, and antiretroviral therapy. Few studies have examined HIV viral dynamics in this setting. Methods: We compared HIV-1 and HIV-2 viral loads from 65 dually infected, antiretroviral therapy-naïve Senegalese subjects. Participants provided demographic information and blood, oral fluid, and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) or semen samples for virologic and immunologic testing. Associations between HIV-1 and HIV-2 levels in plasma, PBMC, oral and genital samples were assessed using linear regression models with generalized estimating equations to account for subjects with multiple samples over time. Results: In analyses adjusting for CD4 count, age, sex, and commercial sex work, HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly higher than HIV-2 levels in semen (b02.05 log 10 copies/ml, 95% CI 0.44 to 3.66), CVL (b 01.37, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.91), and oral fluids (b 01.93, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.30). HIV-1 and HIV-2 PBMC viral DNA loads were similar in those with normal immune function (CD4 counts above 500 cells/ml) (b 00.17 log 10 copies/mg of PBMC DNA, 95% CIÁ0.58 to 0.24), but compared to those with high CD4 counts, subjects with CD4 counts below 500 cells/ml had higher HIV-1 and lower HIV-2 levels. In plasma, subjects with CD4 counts above 500 cells/ml had mean HIV-1 plasma RNA viral loads 0.87 log 10 copies/ml higher (95% CI 0.35 to 1.38) than HIV-2, while among subjects with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 cells/ml or below 200 cells/ml, this difference increased to 4.28 and 4.35 log 10 copies/ml (95% CIs 2.51 to 6.04 and 2.67 to 6.04), respectively. Conclusion: Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that with decreasing CD4 counts and HIV disease progression, HIV-1 may outcompete HIV-2 in dually-infected individuals. This finding may help explain the differences in epidemiology between HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Objective: To assess the association between male circumcision and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamyd... more Objective: To assess the association between male circumcision and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis using data from a male circumcision randomised controlled trial. Methods: We used data collected during the male circumcision trial conducted in Orange Farm (South Africa) among men aged 18-24 years. Altogether, 1767 urine samples collected during the final follow-up visit were analysed using PCR. Prevalence of N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis and T vaginalis was assessed as a function of male circumcision using odds ratios (OR) given by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: In an intention-to-treat analysis, prevalence of N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis and T vaginalis among intervention and control groups were 10.0% versus 10.3% (OR 0.97; p = 0.84), 2.1% versus 3.6% (OR 0.58; p = 0.065) and 1.7% versus 3.1% (OR 0.54; p = 0.062), respectively. The association between T vaginalis and male circumcision remained borderline when controlling for age, ethnic group, number of lifetime partners, marital status, condom use and HIV status (AOR 0.48; p = 0.069). In the as-treated analysis, this association became significant (OR 0.49, p = 0.030; AOR 0.41, p = 0.030). Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that male circumcision reduces T vaginalis infection among men. This finding explains why women with circumcised partners are less at risk for T vaginalis infection than other women. The protective effect on T vaginalis is an additional argument to recommend male circumcision in Africa where it is acceptable. Trial registration number: NCT00122525.

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2010

Objective To determine the distinctions between the client-keyworker relationship and the client-... more Objective To determine the distinctions between the client-keyworker relationship and the client-vocational worker relationship by assessing their impact on clinical outcomes and exploring the associations between the two. Methods As part of an international randomised controlled trial of supported employment (n = 312), client-keyworker relationship and client-vocational worker relationship were each tested against clinical and social functioning 6 months later. Associations between the two relationships over time were explored. Results Client-keyworker relationship predicted quality of life, while client-vocational worker relationship, as rated by the client, did not predict any clinical or social functioning outcomes. Vocational worker-rated relationship predicted reduced depression. The client-keyworker and client-vocational worker relationships were correlated, but this did not change over time. Conclusion The impact of the client-vocational worker is likely to be on the shared task of finding employment, rather than on clinical and social functioning. Good clientvocational worker relationships do not detract from clientkeyworker relationships. Keywords Mental health services Á Physician-patient relationship Á Vocational rehabilitation For the EQOLISE Group.

Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2008

Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2013

Objectives To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investig... more Objectives To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the association of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HIV acquisition. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources Scientific databases and conference abstracts were systematically searched to identify all relevant studies published up to 31 January 2012. Search terms included 'HIV', 'HPV', 'human papillomavirus' and 'papillomaviridae' as keywords or text, in the title or abstract. Methods To be eligible for inclusion, a study had to be conducted among humans, report data on HIV incidence, and assess genital HPV infection. Summary ORs and 95% CIs were estimated from the extracted data using random-effect meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted for high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) HPV oncogenic risk groups. Between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Results Of 2601 identified abstracts, six observational studies, comprising 6567 participants were retained for the systematic review and the meta-analysis. HIV acquisition was significantly associated with HPV infection (summary OR=1.96; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.49). HIV incident infection was significantly associated with HR-HPV in five of six studies and with LR-HPV in two out of five. The association was significant for HR-HPV (summary OR=1.92; 95% CI 1.49 to 2.46) and borderline for LR-HPV. No between-study heterogeneity was detected. There was a borderline indication of publication bias. Conclusions Further research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms involved, and assess the effect of HPV vaccination on HIV acquisition, using vaccines with broad coverage of HPV genotypes. Such research could have important public health implications for HIV prevention.

Psychiatry Research, 2011

Therapeutic relationships between clients and vocational rehabilitation workers have been shown t... more Therapeutic relationships between clients and vocational rehabilitation workers have been shown to predict entering competitive employment. We aimed to determine predictors of good relationships, using data from an international randomized controlled trial of supported employment (n = 312). Baseline predictors of early therapeutic relationships with vocational workers were assessed, along with the impact of vocational status and changing clinical and social functioning variables on relationship ratings over time. Associations between client and professional relationship ratings were also explored. Better early client-rated therapeutic relationship was predicted by better baseline relationship with the clinical keyworker, being in the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) service, the absence of work history and a greater proportion of care needs being met, whereas over time it was predicted by being in the IPS service. Professional-rated early relationship was predicted by social disability and remission, while over time it was predicted by being the same sex as the client, duration of the relationship and the client's increasing anxiety. Client and professional ratings were positively associated but clients' ratings were higher than professionals', particularly in the IPS service. Relationships were better where clients may have been more motivated to engage, including by their prior experience of a good therapeutic relationship with the clinical keyworker.

PLoS medicine, Jan 20, 2010

World Health Organization (WHO)/Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) has recommended a... more World Health Organization (WHO)/Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) has recommended adult male circumcision (AMC) for the prevention of heterosexually acquired HIV infection in men from communities where HIV is hyperendemic and AMC prevalence is low. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the roll-out of medicalized AMC according to UNAIDS/WHO operational guidelines in a targeted African setting.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009

Background The objectives of this study were to assess the role of HSV-2 status, first, on HIV ac... more Background The objectives of this study were to assess the role of HSV-2 status, first, on HIV acquisition by young men and secondly, on the protective effect of male circumcision on HIV acquisition. Methods We used data collected during a male circumcision trial conducted in Orange Farm (South Africa). We estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) using survival analysis and background characteristics, HSV-2 status, male circumcision status and sexual behavior as covariates. Results Compared to HSV-2 negative participants, HIV aIRR was 3.3 95 CI, 1.5 7.4 P .004 among those who were HSV-2 positive at [ %-] = enrollment and 7.0 95 CI, 3.9 12.4 P<.001 among those who became HSV-2 positive during follow-up. The population fraction of [ %-] HIV incident cases attributable to HSV-2 was 27.8 95 CI, 17.7 37.2. The intention-to-treat protective effect of male % [ % %-%] circumcision on HIV acquisition was the same among HSV-2 positive and HSV-2 negative men (0.38vs.0.37; P .93). = Conclusions This study shows that HSV-2 has a substantial impact on HIV acquisition among young South African men. It suggests that HSV-2 infection enhances HIV acquisition and is responsible for about a quarter of HIV incident cases. However, the protective effect of male circumcision on HIV acquisition appears independent of HSV-2 serostatus.

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2010

We showed herein the potent virucidal effect of soap and water solutions against both CCR5-tropic... more We showed herein the potent virucidal effect of soap and water solutions against both CCR5-tropic and CXCR4-tropic cell-free HIV-1 strains, and cytotoxicity for HIV-1-infected lymphocytes during short incubation durations, ranging from 30 seconds to 2 minutes. These observations indicate a rapid inhibitory effect of soap and water on viral infectivity.

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2010

/key word page Association of oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus with HIV incidence... more /key word page Association of oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus with HIV incidence Word count: 199 (max=200) Objective: Little is known about the interaction between HPV and HIV. This study aimed to explore the association of oncogenic (HR) and non oncogenic (LR) human papillomavirus (HPV) with HIV incidence. Methods: We used urethral swabs collected at the last follow-up visit of a male circumcision trial conducted in Orange Farm (South Africa). Swabs analyses and HPV genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction. We estimated HIV adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using survival analysis. Background characteristics, male circumcision status, sexual behavior, HPV status and other sexually transmitted infections were used as covariates.

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2013

Background: Service users with non-psychotic disorders are rarely studied. How continuity of care... more Background: Service users with non-psychotic disorders are rarely studied. How continuity of care functions for this group is unknown. Aims: To compare users of community mental health teams with non-psychotic disorders to those with psychotic disorders in terms of demographic and illness characteristics, continuity of care and clinical and social functioning. Methods: Service users with non-psychotic disorders (N = 98) were followed up for one year and compared to 180 service users with psychotic disorders. Continuity of care factors were tested for association with user, illness and service variables. Results: Service users with non-psychotic disorders experienced more care transitions, but there were no differences in team practices in relation to these two different groups. Conclusion: The underlying concepts of continuity of care derived from users with psychotic disorders appear to be meaningful for users with non-psychotic disorders. Their greater likelihood of experiencing disruptive and distressing care transitions needs to be addressed.

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011

Background. Mounting evidence suggests an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV ... more Background. Mounting evidence suggests an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV acquisition. This study aimed to explore this association among South African female sex workers (FSWs).Methods. We used data from 88 HIV-negative FSWs who participated in a vaginal gel (COL-1492) trial. Cervicovaginal rinse samples, obtained before HIV-seroconversion, were genotyped into high-risk (HR-) and low-risk (LR-) HPV. HIV-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox survival analysis.Results. HR- and LR-HPV prevalences were 70.5% (95% CI : 60.5–79.2) and 60.2% (95% CI : 49.9–70.0), respectively. Twenty-five women HIV seroconverted. Controlling for background characteristics and other sexually transmitted infections, HIV aHR increased by a factor of 1.7 (95% CI : 1.01–2.7,Plinear trend= 0.045) for an increase of one unit of the number of HR-HPV genotypes.Conclusions. HIV seroconversion among FSWs is associated with genital HR-HPV infec...

Clinical Trials, 2011

Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the prevention of HIV heterosexual acquisition... more Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the prevention of HIV heterosexual acquisition are usually conducted among adult African populations with high heterogeneity in individual risk of infection. Purpose The objectives were to (a) review how this heterogeneity has been considered when designing and interpreting such RCTs, (b) evaluate its effect on the findings and the statistical power of these trials, and (c) assess the potential advantages of using the crossover design with single failure-time endpoint. Methods Individual-level HIV prevention RCTs conducted in Africa and published in the period 1998–2008 were reviewed. Using Monte Carlo simulations and statistical calculations, we assessed the effect of heterogeneity on the findings and the statistical power of HIV prevention RCTs. Results All reviewed RCTs used the parallel design. The heterogeneity in individual risk of infection within study sites was not used for stratification nor generally considered in the des...

The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008

Background An international six-centre randomised controlled trial comparing individual placement... more Background An international six-centre randomised controlled trial comparing individual placement and support (IPS) with usual vocational rehabilitation for people with serious mental illness found IPS to be more effective for all vocational outcomes. Aims To determine which patients with severe mental illness do well in vocational services and which process and service factors are associated with better outcomes. Method Patient characteristics and early process variables were tested as predictors of employment outcomes. Service characteristics were explored as predictors of the effectiveness of IPS. Results Patients with previous work history, fewer met social needs and better relationships with their vocational workers were more likely to obtain employment and work for longer. Remission and swifter service uptake were associated with working more. Having an IPS service closer to the original IPS model was the only service characteristic associated with greater effectiveness. Concl...

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2010

Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of male circumcision (MC) on H... more Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of male circumcision (MC) on HIV acquisition estimated using HIV incidence assays and to compare it to the effect measured by survival analysis. Methods: We used samples collected during the MC randomized controlled trial (ANRS-1265) conducted in Orange Farm (South Africa) among men aged 18 to 24. Among the 2946 samples collected at the last follow-up visit, 194 HIVpositive samples were tested using two incidence assays: Calypte HIV-EIA (BED) and an avidity assay based on the BioRad HIV1/2+O EIA (AI). The results of the assays were also combined (BED-AI). The samples included the 124 participants (4.2% of total) who were HIV-positive at randomization. The protective effect was calculated as one minus the intention-to-treat incidence rate ratio in an uncorrected manner and with correction for misclassifications, with simple theoretical formulae. Theoretical calculations showed that the uncorrected intention-to-treat effect was approximately independent of the value of the incidence assay window period and was the ratio of the number tested recent seroconverters divided by the number tested HIV-negative between the randomization groups. We used cutoff values ranging from 0.325 to 2.27 for BED, 31.6 to 96 for AI and 0.325-31.6 to 1.89-96 for BED-AI. Effects were corrected for long-term specificity using a previously published formula. 95% Confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by bootstrap resampling. Results: With the highest cutoff values, the uncorrected protective effects evaluated by BED, AI and BED-AI were 50% (95%CI: 27% to 66%), 50% (21% to 69%) and 63% (36% to 81%). The corrections for misclassifications were lower than 50% of the number of tested recent. The corrected effects were 53% (30% to 70%), 55% (25% to 77%) and 67% (38% to 86%), slightly higher than the corresponding uncorrected values. These values were consistent with the previously reported protective effect of 60% (34% to 76%) obtained with survival analysis. Conclusions: HIV incidence assays may be employed to assess the effect of interventions using cross-sectional data.

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2011

Background To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about adult male circumcision (AMC), ... more Background To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about adult male circumcision (AMC), assess the association of AMC with HIV incidence and prevalence, and estimate AMC uptake in a Southern African community. Methods A cross-sectional biomedical survey (ANRS-12126) conducted in 2007-2008 among a random sample of 1198 men aged 15 to 49 from Orange Farm (South Africa). Face-to-face interviews were conducted by structured questionnaire. Recent HIV infections were evaluated using the BED incidence assay. Circumcision status was self-reported and clinically assessed. Adjusted HIV incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated using Poisson regression. Results The response rate was 73.9%. Most respondents agreed that circumcised men could become HIV infected and needed to use condoms, although 19.3% (95%CI: 17.1% to 21.6%) asserted that AMC protected fully against HIV. Among self-reported circumcised men, 44.9% (95%CI: 39.6% to 50.3%) had intact foreski...

Archives of Virology, 2011

Human urine has been poorly investigated with regard to infection with human immunodeficiency vir... more Human urine has been poorly investigated with regard to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here, we have studied the anti-infective functional properties of human urine against HIV. The effect of fresh urine pools on CCR5-and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 was evaluated by using four in vitro mucosal models: reduction of infectivity of urine-treated HIV-1 particles, HIV-1 attachment to immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (iMDDC), transfer of HIV-1 particles from iMDDC to autologous CD4 T cells, and HIV-1 transcytosis through epithelial cells. Human urine partially disrupted both CCR5-and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 particles, moderately decreased the adsorption of HIV-1 on dendritic cells, and partially decreased the transfer of HIV-1 particles from dendritic cells to autologous T cells. These findings demonstrate partial inactivation of HIV infectivity and suggest that voiding urine after coitus could play a potential role in reducing the risk of HIV infection by both mechanically flushing out and neutralizing the infectivity of HIV-1 particles present in the genital tract.

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2010

Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2008

Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2013

Psychiatry Research, 2011

PLoS medicine, Jan 20, 2010

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2010

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2013

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011

Clinical Trials, 2011

The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2010

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2011

Archives of Virology, 2011