Penelope Cleveland - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Penelope Cleveland

Research paper thumbnail of The Innovation Imperative

Occupational Therapy in Health Care, Jun 18, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Patient Consumerism and Its Influence on the Future of Occupational Therapy

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

The cost of care is shifting to the individual in the form of high-deductible health plans and he... more The cost of care is shifting to the individual in the form of high-deductible health plans and health savings accounts. The public demands and expects innovation in health care and health delivery and is using quality and cost data to make purchasing decisions. Public expectations for convenience are demonstrated in the use of walk-in clinics, telemedicine, and other technologies. As a result of the responsibility for paying and managing one’s own health, consumerism involves a curated approach to selecting health services. This Health Policy Perspectives column examines how consumerism influences health care policy, in particular occupational therapy service delivery. Issues that consumerism creates include (1) a lack of publicly shared cost and quality data about occupational therapy; (2) confusion in measurement of client-centered care, patient satisfaction, and patient experience; (3) inadequate incorporation of patient shared decision-making throughout the occupational therapy ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Innovation Imperative

Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 2007

An improved healthcare system will require significant departures from current practices. Leaders... more An improved healthcare system will require significant departures from current practices. Leadership capacity will provide the abilities to innovate and creative thinking needed to be effective in championing the value of occupational therapy in the future.

Research paper thumbnail of The 10% rule: grip strength and hand dominance in a factory population

Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, 1997

This study examined the applicability of the 10% rule and the possible effect of years of work ex... more This study examined the applicability of the 10% rule and the possible effect of years of work experience on the percent difference in grip strength for a sample of 124 factory workers in Indiana. The overall mean percent difference in grip strength, measured by the Jamar dynamometer, for both right- and left-handed participants was 6.3079%. A statistical difference was found (P = 0.029) in percent difference in grip strength among subjects with varying years of work experience. A significant difference (P = 0.007) also existed when comparing the right-handed scores to the left-handed scores of the Edinburgh Inventory. Results suggest that establishing grip strength norms for factory workers should not be determined by a percent difference rule, and the years of work experience need to be taken into consideration.

Research paper thumbnail of The Ramifications of Regulatory Reform

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Oct 1, 1998

and umbrella legislation. Questions are presentedfor each issue to guide practitioners when delib... more and umbrella legislation. Questions are presentedfor each issue to guide practitioners when deliberating about possible actions professional organizations can take in proposing legislation at the state leveL Various externalforces shape each issue and lead to the need to seek such regulatory reform as improving disciplinary processes and activity, assessing competence beyond the entry level, and increasing involvement ofconsumers. However, there are risks associated with any proposed regulatory reform, particularly ifone realizes the potentialfinancial costs associated with competency assessment and advanced-practice regulation. we must also carefully examine any reform proposals that advocate title protection and the licensing ofinvasive procedures in place of licensing professionals. The fact remains that the impact on quality ofcare and long-term cost-effectiveness from the unrestricted use ofless qualified professionals and unlicensed aide-level personnel to provide skilled services has not been adequately determined.

Research paper thumbnail of Test-retest reliability of the commercial volumeter

PubMed, 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to improve the standardization of the current protocol f... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to improve the standardization of the current protocol for measuring hand volume with the commercial volumeter. Method: A repeated-measures design was used to determine test-retest reliability of the new protocol of measuring hand volume with the commercial volumeter. The new protocol used a height-adjustable table and external trunk support of the participant in order to maintain consistency of web-space pressure between the first and second measurement. A 1 ml micropipette was used to obtain a more accurate volume reading. An intraclass correlation (2,1), repeated measures ANOVA, and standard error of measurement were used to determine the results of this study. Results: This study confirmed the test-retest reliability of the commercial volumeter and decreased the standard error of measurement to 3~ml as opposed to the current standard of 10 ml. Conclusion: Clinically, this study is significant in that occupational and physical therapists can detect more subtle change in hand volume.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship among grip strength, functional outcomes, and work performance following hand trauma

PubMed, 2001

This study examined the relationship among the recovery grip strength, functional outcomes, and w... more This study examined the relationship among the recovery grip strength, functional outcomes, and work performance following occupational therapy intervention for hand trauma. This study had a sample size of 15 participants whose recovery grip strength was measured using a Jamar dynamometer, whose satisfaction with outcomes was measured by the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), and whose compliance with the home therapy program was measured by a visual analog scale (VAS). A Pearson r correlation demonstrated a significant relationship between recovery grip strength and two MHQ subset scores: overall hand function (r = 0.59, p = 0.019) and activities of daily living (ADL) performance (r = 0.61, p = 0.016). The participants' self-rating of compliance did not predict or influence either recovery grip strength or MHQ scores. A moderate positive correlation approaching significance (r = 0.51, p = 0.052) was found between grip strength and overall MHQ scores. The researchers concluded that a recovery grip strength measure should be used along with functional measures to appropriately assess overall hand function following hand trauma.

Research paper thumbnail of Adaptation of the older worker to occupational challenges

PubMed, 2004

The occupational adaptation practice model guided the search for and the analysis of the literatu... more The occupational adaptation practice model guided the search for and the analysis of the literature on the older worker. The purpose of this literature review was to: identify the occupational challenges that older workers experience, determine ways in which the occupational therapist can promote the occupational adaptation of older workers, and articulate the research and policy changes implied in the model related to health and improved productivity. The analysis of the worker's personal characteristics, work tasks, and environments highlighted the types of occupational challenges that may overwhelm the older worker's adaptive capacity. Straining adaptive capacity of the older worker leads to degradation in levels of mastery. The occupational therapist and others could assist the older worker to achieve relative mastery in response to occupational challenges through ergonomic solutions, training, assistive devices, management policy, and health promotion. Combined efforts of the employer, of the occupational therapist, and of the older work to capitalize on the older worker's years of experience, existing skills, and knowledge facilitates higher job satisfaction, better performance, and an increased sense of well-being in the older worker.

Research paper thumbnail of Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Care Coordination

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Sep 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Neurocognition and Alcoholism

Occupational Therapy in Health Care, Dec 22, 1992

... Cerebral blood flow is approximately 35% below normal in the cortical gray matter, and Page 4... more ... Cerebral blood flow is approximately 35% below normal in the cortical gray matter, and Page 4. ... There is greater cerebral blood flow (Begleiter, 1981), a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid acidosis (Carlen et al., 1982), and improved ionic balance (Stringer & Goldman, 1988). ...

Research paper thumbnail of An Organizational Framework for Occupational Therapy in the Treatment of Alcoholism

Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, Nov 23, 1988

ABSTRACT Because occupational therapists are increasingly involved with alcoholism rehabilitation... more ABSTRACT Because occupational therapists are increasingly involved with alcoholism rehabilitation, an organizational treatment framework is presented that is based upon the psychodynamics of this diagnosis. Factors that contribute to the development of a unique defense structure characteristic of alcoholism are discussed as prerequisites for understanding the treatment needs of the adult. Treatment is organized into three hierarchical levels that correspond with progressive changes in the alcoholics' defense structure. Alcoholics at level one require directive treatment approaches that do not aggressively confront the preferred, but maladaptive defense mechanism in order to attain abstinence. Teaching coping strategies that provide alternatives to the preferred defense mechanisms are beneficial at level two. The third level involves stimulating the arrested emotional development of the alcoholic thus effectively challenging the continued utilization of these defense mechanisms. Specific occupational therapy methods and frames of reference are outlined that are appropriate for implementation at each treatment level.

Research paper thumbnail of Collaborating for Political Action

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Jun 1, 1991

wareness has increased regarding the need for occupational therapists to be involved in the legis... more wareness has increased regarding the need for occupational therapists to be involved in the legislative activities that occur at the state level. The ability for state occupational therapy associations to provide input regarding state policy depends on available personnel or membership size, vision of leadership, adequate financing, and strategies used. Because of restrictions created by lack of personnel and limited finances, creative use of association resources is essential. The Indiana Occupational Therapy Association (IOTA) has devised an effective collaborative relationship with the professionallevel master's degree program in occupational therapy at the University of Indianapolis. This paper briefly describes the life cycle of political issues and the corresponding responsiveness of this politically oriented collaboration.

Research paper thumbnail of Occupational Therapy and Treatment of the Alcoholic's Family

Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, Apr 18, 1991

ABSTRACT It is the goal of this paper to enhance the clinical judgment necessary for matching occ... more ABSTRACT It is the goal of this paper to enhance the clinical judgment necessary for matching occupational therapy treatment for the alcoholic's family with the family system demands and stage of the family's recovery. Treatment matching is dependent upon identifying characteristics of the family that can be expected to interact with specific treatment variables. Particular treatment outcomes for the matching process are described along with suggested methods for determining when treatment matching decisions for the family are outlined that correspond to the matching process.

Research paper thumbnail of Engagement in professional updating by occupational therapists

Dubin's and Cohen's (1970) Empirical Motivational Model of Updating (EMMPU) guided the de... more Dubin's and Cohen's (1970) Empirical Motivational Model of Updating (EMMPU) guided the design of this research, leading to the examination of the relationships among lifelong learning characteristics, job satisfaction, and engagement in professional updating activities for occupational therapists. Occupational therapists completed the Characteristics of Lifelong Learners in the Professions Questionnaire (Livneh, 1986), the Index of Organizational Reactions (Smith, 1976), the Professional Activity Engagement Survey, and participated in qualitative interviews.Statistically, no relationships were found among job satisfaction, characteristics of lifelong learning, and engagement in professional updating activities. The qualitative data suggested that these relationships existed. Characteristics of lifelong learning significantly predicted 7% of the variation in time spent engaged in professional updating activities. There were significant differences found on characteristics of lifelong learning and engagement in professional updating activities among therapists with varying educational 1eve1s.Utilizing grounded theory methodology, a theory of Professional Learning Management emerged from the data, contributing to the understanding of professional updating that was not addressed by the EMMPU model. In the theory of Professional Learning Management, patient treatment interaction triggered the need for updating by occupational therapists. The patient interaction determined the specifics of the necessary learning in regards to the content, timing, context, and methods. Occupational Therapists were reliant upon off-the-job learning in order to provide quality patient care. There was a cyclical feedback loop between off-the-job learning and application of that learning on the job within the patient treatment situation.Unlike the EMMPU model, updating occurred under both positive and negative contexts. The high engagers in professional updating were able to learn in spite of the barriers restricting learning efforts. The barriers to learning were not managed as well by the medium and low engagers in professional updating activities. Regardless of level of updating, occupational therapists utilized a variety of updating methods in accordance with the way in which the learning needs were defined by the patient treatment situation.3Department of Educational LeadershipThesis (D. Ed.

Research paper thumbnail of Occupational Therapy Intervention With the Alcoholic's Family

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Feb 1, 1992

Research paper thumbnail of Interprofessional Evidence-Based Practice: A Workbook for Health Professionals

Research paper thumbnail of The 10% rule: grip strength and hand dominance in a factory population

Work (Reading, Mass.), 1997

This study examined the applicability of the 10% rule and the possible effect of years of work ex... more This study examined the applicability of the 10% rule and the possible effect of years of work experience on the percent difference in grip strength for a sample of 124 factory workers in Indiana. The overall mean percent difference in grip strength, measured by the Jamar dynamometer, for both right- and left-handed participants was 6.3079%. A statistical difference was found (P = 0.029) in percent difference in grip strength among subjects with varying years of work experience. A significant difference (P = 0.007) also existed when comparing the right-handed scores to the left-handed scores of the Edinburgh Inventory. Results suggest that establishing grip strength norms for factory workers should not be determined by a percent difference rule, and the years of work experience need to be taken into consideration.

Research paper thumbnail of The relationship of compliance and grip strength return post-carpal tunnel release surgery

Work (Reading, Mass.), 1998

This study examined the relationship of compliance and grip strength return 6 weeks post-carpal t... more This study examined the relationship of compliance and grip strength return 6 weeks post-carpal tunnel release surgery on a sample of 11 factory workers residing in the midwest. The percent difference between pre-operative and post-operative grip strengths was - 6.00%. An ANOVA ruled out age as a significant factor in grip strength return (F=1.20, P=0.351). A two sample t-test for gender differences in return of grip strength proved insignificant as well (t=1.01, P=0.351). The low negative correlation between participant self-report of compliance and percent difference of grip strength was - 0.426. Work was reported as the most significant barrier to compliance. Results of this study suggested that 6 weeks of occupational therapy may not be sufficient for recovery to pre-operational grip strength status. Participants with the greatest amount of compliance in combination with returning to work soon after surgery demonstrated the weakest grip strength. This result implied that the exe...

Research paper thumbnail of Engagement in professional updating by occupational therapists

Dubin's and Cohen's (1970) Empirical Motivational Model of Updating (EMMPU) guided the de... more Dubin's and Cohen's (1970) Empirical Motivational Model of Updating (EMMPU) guided the design of this research, leading to the examination of the relationships among lifelong learning characteristics, job satisfaction, and engagement in professional updating activities for occupational therapists. Occupational therapists completed the Characteristics of Lifelong Learners in the Professions Questionnaire (Livneh, 1986), the Index of Organizational Reactions (Smith, 1976), the Professional Activity Engagement Survey, and participated in qualitative interviews.Statistically, no relationships were found among job satisfaction, characteristics of lifelong learning, and engagement in professional updating activities. The qualitative data suggested that these relationships existed. Characteristics of lifelong learning significantly predicted 7% of the variation in time spent engaged in professional updating activities. There were significant differences found on characteristics of lifelong learning and engagement in professional updating activities among therapists with varying educational 1eve1s.Utilizing grounded theory methodology, a theory of Professional Learning Management emerged from the data, contributing to the understanding of professional updating that was not addressed by the EMMPU model. In the theory of Professional Learning Management, patient treatment interaction triggered the need for updating by occupational therapists. The patient interaction determined the specifics of the necessary learning in regards to the content, timing, context, and methods. Occupational Therapists were reliant upon off-the-job learning in order to provide quality patient care. There was a cyclical feedback loop between off-the-job learning and application of that learning on the job within the patient treatment situation.Unlike the EMMPU model, updating occurred under both positive and negative contexts. The high engagers in professional updating were able to learn in spite of the barriers restricting learning efforts. The barriers to learning were not managed as well by the medium and low engagers in professional updating activities. Regardless of level of updating, occupational therapists utilized a variety of updating methods in accordance with the way in which the learning needs were defined by the patient treatment situation.3Department of Educational LeadershipThesis (D. Ed.

Research paper thumbnail of Perspectives on Advanced Practice From Occupational Therapy

Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 2009

ABSTRACT Occupational therapy is a health profession that is currently implementing board certifi... more ABSTRACT Occupational therapy is a health profession that is currently implementing board certification as a means of recognizing advanced practice. This article reviews the history of advanced practice in occupational therapy. It includes a discussion of the difficulty of defining advanced practice in a profession that is continually evolving to meet the needs of the society it serves. The American Occupational Therapy Association has established Standards of Continuing Competence that are used to assist in the self-study for board certification. Board-certified therapists serve on expert panels to review applicants' self-studies and the e-portfolios to determine when the candidates have provided sound evidence of their advanced practice skills and performance. Implications and the importance of advanced practice are discussed in terms of their implications for the growth of the profession and future practice.

Research paper thumbnail of The Innovation Imperative

Occupational Therapy in Health Care, Jun 18, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Patient Consumerism and Its Influence on the Future of Occupational Therapy

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

The cost of care is shifting to the individual in the form of high-deductible health plans and he... more The cost of care is shifting to the individual in the form of high-deductible health plans and health savings accounts. The public demands and expects innovation in health care and health delivery and is using quality and cost data to make purchasing decisions. Public expectations for convenience are demonstrated in the use of walk-in clinics, telemedicine, and other technologies. As a result of the responsibility for paying and managing one’s own health, consumerism involves a curated approach to selecting health services. This Health Policy Perspectives column examines how consumerism influences health care policy, in particular occupational therapy service delivery. Issues that consumerism creates include (1) a lack of publicly shared cost and quality data about occupational therapy; (2) confusion in measurement of client-centered care, patient satisfaction, and patient experience; (3) inadequate incorporation of patient shared decision-making throughout the occupational therapy ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Innovation Imperative

Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 2007

An improved healthcare system will require significant departures from current practices. Leaders... more An improved healthcare system will require significant departures from current practices. Leadership capacity will provide the abilities to innovate and creative thinking needed to be effective in championing the value of occupational therapy in the future.

Research paper thumbnail of The 10% rule: grip strength and hand dominance in a factory population

Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, 1997

This study examined the applicability of the 10% rule and the possible effect of years of work ex... more This study examined the applicability of the 10% rule and the possible effect of years of work experience on the percent difference in grip strength for a sample of 124 factory workers in Indiana. The overall mean percent difference in grip strength, measured by the Jamar dynamometer, for both right- and left-handed participants was 6.3079%. A statistical difference was found (P = 0.029) in percent difference in grip strength among subjects with varying years of work experience. A significant difference (P = 0.007) also existed when comparing the right-handed scores to the left-handed scores of the Edinburgh Inventory. Results suggest that establishing grip strength norms for factory workers should not be determined by a percent difference rule, and the years of work experience need to be taken into consideration.

Research paper thumbnail of The Ramifications of Regulatory Reform

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Oct 1, 1998

and umbrella legislation. Questions are presentedfor each issue to guide practitioners when delib... more and umbrella legislation. Questions are presentedfor each issue to guide practitioners when deliberating about possible actions professional organizations can take in proposing legislation at the state leveL Various externalforces shape each issue and lead to the need to seek such regulatory reform as improving disciplinary processes and activity, assessing competence beyond the entry level, and increasing involvement ofconsumers. However, there are risks associated with any proposed regulatory reform, particularly ifone realizes the potentialfinancial costs associated with competency assessment and advanced-practice regulation. we must also carefully examine any reform proposals that advocate title protection and the licensing ofinvasive procedures in place of licensing professionals. The fact remains that the impact on quality ofcare and long-term cost-effectiveness from the unrestricted use ofless qualified professionals and unlicensed aide-level personnel to provide skilled services has not been adequately determined.

Research paper thumbnail of Test-retest reliability of the commercial volumeter

PubMed, 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to improve the standardization of the current protocol f... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to improve the standardization of the current protocol for measuring hand volume with the commercial volumeter. Method: A repeated-measures design was used to determine test-retest reliability of the new protocol of measuring hand volume with the commercial volumeter. The new protocol used a height-adjustable table and external trunk support of the participant in order to maintain consistency of web-space pressure between the first and second measurement. A 1 ml micropipette was used to obtain a more accurate volume reading. An intraclass correlation (2,1), repeated measures ANOVA, and standard error of measurement were used to determine the results of this study. Results: This study confirmed the test-retest reliability of the commercial volumeter and decreased the standard error of measurement to 3~ml as opposed to the current standard of 10 ml. Conclusion: Clinically, this study is significant in that occupational and physical therapists can detect more subtle change in hand volume.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship among grip strength, functional outcomes, and work performance following hand trauma

PubMed, 2001

This study examined the relationship among the recovery grip strength, functional outcomes, and w... more This study examined the relationship among the recovery grip strength, functional outcomes, and work performance following occupational therapy intervention for hand trauma. This study had a sample size of 15 participants whose recovery grip strength was measured using a Jamar dynamometer, whose satisfaction with outcomes was measured by the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), and whose compliance with the home therapy program was measured by a visual analog scale (VAS). A Pearson r correlation demonstrated a significant relationship between recovery grip strength and two MHQ subset scores: overall hand function (r = 0.59, p = 0.019) and activities of daily living (ADL) performance (r = 0.61, p = 0.016). The participants' self-rating of compliance did not predict or influence either recovery grip strength or MHQ scores. A moderate positive correlation approaching significance (r = 0.51, p = 0.052) was found between grip strength and overall MHQ scores. The researchers concluded that a recovery grip strength measure should be used along with functional measures to appropriately assess overall hand function following hand trauma.

Research paper thumbnail of Adaptation of the older worker to occupational challenges

PubMed, 2004

The occupational adaptation practice model guided the search for and the analysis of the literatu... more The occupational adaptation practice model guided the search for and the analysis of the literature on the older worker. The purpose of this literature review was to: identify the occupational challenges that older workers experience, determine ways in which the occupational therapist can promote the occupational adaptation of older workers, and articulate the research and policy changes implied in the model related to health and improved productivity. The analysis of the worker's personal characteristics, work tasks, and environments highlighted the types of occupational challenges that may overwhelm the older worker's adaptive capacity. Straining adaptive capacity of the older worker leads to degradation in levels of mastery. The occupational therapist and others could assist the older worker to achieve relative mastery in response to occupational challenges through ergonomic solutions, training, assistive devices, management policy, and health promotion. Combined efforts of the employer, of the occupational therapist, and of the older work to capitalize on the older worker's years of experience, existing skills, and knowledge facilitates higher job satisfaction, better performance, and an increased sense of well-being in the older worker.

Research paper thumbnail of Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Care Coordination

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Sep 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Neurocognition and Alcoholism

Occupational Therapy in Health Care, Dec 22, 1992

... Cerebral blood flow is approximately 35% below normal in the cortical gray matter, and Page 4... more ... Cerebral blood flow is approximately 35% below normal in the cortical gray matter, and Page 4. ... There is greater cerebral blood flow (Begleiter, 1981), a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid acidosis (Carlen et al., 1982), and improved ionic balance (Stringer & Goldman, 1988). ...

Research paper thumbnail of An Organizational Framework for Occupational Therapy in the Treatment of Alcoholism

Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, Nov 23, 1988

ABSTRACT Because occupational therapists are increasingly involved with alcoholism rehabilitation... more ABSTRACT Because occupational therapists are increasingly involved with alcoholism rehabilitation, an organizational treatment framework is presented that is based upon the psychodynamics of this diagnosis. Factors that contribute to the development of a unique defense structure characteristic of alcoholism are discussed as prerequisites for understanding the treatment needs of the adult. Treatment is organized into three hierarchical levels that correspond with progressive changes in the alcoholics' defense structure. Alcoholics at level one require directive treatment approaches that do not aggressively confront the preferred, but maladaptive defense mechanism in order to attain abstinence. Teaching coping strategies that provide alternatives to the preferred defense mechanisms are beneficial at level two. The third level involves stimulating the arrested emotional development of the alcoholic thus effectively challenging the continued utilization of these defense mechanisms. Specific occupational therapy methods and frames of reference are outlined that are appropriate for implementation at each treatment level.

Research paper thumbnail of Collaborating for Political Action

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Jun 1, 1991

wareness has increased regarding the need for occupational therapists to be involved in the legis... more wareness has increased regarding the need for occupational therapists to be involved in the legislative activities that occur at the state level. The ability for state occupational therapy associations to provide input regarding state policy depends on available personnel or membership size, vision of leadership, adequate financing, and strategies used. Because of restrictions created by lack of personnel and limited finances, creative use of association resources is essential. The Indiana Occupational Therapy Association (IOTA) has devised an effective collaborative relationship with the professionallevel master's degree program in occupational therapy at the University of Indianapolis. This paper briefly describes the life cycle of political issues and the corresponding responsiveness of this politically oriented collaboration.

Research paper thumbnail of Occupational Therapy and Treatment of the Alcoholic's Family

Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, Apr 18, 1991

ABSTRACT It is the goal of this paper to enhance the clinical judgment necessary for matching occ... more ABSTRACT It is the goal of this paper to enhance the clinical judgment necessary for matching occupational therapy treatment for the alcoholic's family with the family system demands and stage of the family's recovery. Treatment matching is dependent upon identifying characteristics of the family that can be expected to interact with specific treatment variables. Particular treatment outcomes for the matching process are described along with suggested methods for determining when treatment matching decisions for the family are outlined that correspond to the matching process.

Research paper thumbnail of Engagement in professional updating by occupational therapists

Dubin's and Cohen's (1970) Empirical Motivational Model of Updating (EMMPU) guided the de... more Dubin's and Cohen's (1970) Empirical Motivational Model of Updating (EMMPU) guided the design of this research, leading to the examination of the relationships among lifelong learning characteristics, job satisfaction, and engagement in professional updating activities for occupational therapists. Occupational therapists completed the Characteristics of Lifelong Learners in the Professions Questionnaire (Livneh, 1986), the Index of Organizational Reactions (Smith, 1976), the Professional Activity Engagement Survey, and participated in qualitative interviews.Statistically, no relationships were found among job satisfaction, characteristics of lifelong learning, and engagement in professional updating activities. The qualitative data suggested that these relationships existed. Characteristics of lifelong learning significantly predicted 7% of the variation in time spent engaged in professional updating activities. There were significant differences found on characteristics of lifelong learning and engagement in professional updating activities among therapists with varying educational 1eve1s.Utilizing grounded theory methodology, a theory of Professional Learning Management emerged from the data, contributing to the understanding of professional updating that was not addressed by the EMMPU model. In the theory of Professional Learning Management, patient treatment interaction triggered the need for updating by occupational therapists. The patient interaction determined the specifics of the necessary learning in regards to the content, timing, context, and methods. Occupational Therapists were reliant upon off-the-job learning in order to provide quality patient care. There was a cyclical feedback loop between off-the-job learning and application of that learning on the job within the patient treatment situation.Unlike the EMMPU model, updating occurred under both positive and negative contexts. The high engagers in professional updating were able to learn in spite of the barriers restricting learning efforts. The barriers to learning were not managed as well by the medium and low engagers in professional updating activities. Regardless of level of updating, occupational therapists utilized a variety of updating methods in accordance with the way in which the learning needs were defined by the patient treatment situation.3Department of Educational LeadershipThesis (D. Ed.

Research paper thumbnail of Occupational Therapy Intervention With the Alcoholic's Family

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Feb 1, 1992

Research paper thumbnail of Interprofessional Evidence-Based Practice: A Workbook for Health Professionals

Research paper thumbnail of The 10% rule: grip strength and hand dominance in a factory population

Work (Reading, Mass.), 1997

This study examined the applicability of the 10% rule and the possible effect of years of work ex... more This study examined the applicability of the 10% rule and the possible effect of years of work experience on the percent difference in grip strength for a sample of 124 factory workers in Indiana. The overall mean percent difference in grip strength, measured by the Jamar dynamometer, for both right- and left-handed participants was 6.3079%. A statistical difference was found (P = 0.029) in percent difference in grip strength among subjects with varying years of work experience. A significant difference (P = 0.007) also existed when comparing the right-handed scores to the left-handed scores of the Edinburgh Inventory. Results suggest that establishing grip strength norms for factory workers should not be determined by a percent difference rule, and the years of work experience need to be taken into consideration.

Research paper thumbnail of The relationship of compliance and grip strength return post-carpal tunnel release surgery

Work (Reading, Mass.), 1998

This study examined the relationship of compliance and grip strength return 6 weeks post-carpal t... more This study examined the relationship of compliance and grip strength return 6 weeks post-carpal tunnel release surgery on a sample of 11 factory workers residing in the midwest. The percent difference between pre-operative and post-operative grip strengths was - 6.00%. An ANOVA ruled out age as a significant factor in grip strength return (F=1.20, P=0.351). A two sample t-test for gender differences in return of grip strength proved insignificant as well (t=1.01, P=0.351). The low negative correlation between participant self-report of compliance and percent difference of grip strength was - 0.426. Work was reported as the most significant barrier to compliance. Results of this study suggested that 6 weeks of occupational therapy may not be sufficient for recovery to pre-operational grip strength status. Participants with the greatest amount of compliance in combination with returning to work soon after surgery demonstrated the weakest grip strength. This result implied that the exe...

Research paper thumbnail of Engagement in professional updating by occupational therapists

Dubin's and Cohen's (1970) Empirical Motivational Model of Updating (EMMPU) guided the de... more Dubin's and Cohen's (1970) Empirical Motivational Model of Updating (EMMPU) guided the design of this research, leading to the examination of the relationships among lifelong learning characteristics, job satisfaction, and engagement in professional updating activities for occupational therapists. Occupational therapists completed the Characteristics of Lifelong Learners in the Professions Questionnaire (Livneh, 1986), the Index of Organizational Reactions (Smith, 1976), the Professional Activity Engagement Survey, and participated in qualitative interviews.Statistically, no relationships were found among job satisfaction, characteristics of lifelong learning, and engagement in professional updating activities. The qualitative data suggested that these relationships existed. Characteristics of lifelong learning significantly predicted 7% of the variation in time spent engaged in professional updating activities. There were significant differences found on characteristics of lifelong learning and engagement in professional updating activities among therapists with varying educational 1eve1s.Utilizing grounded theory methodology, a theory of Professional Learning Management emerged from the data, contributing to the understanding of professional updating that was not addressed by the EMMPU model. In the theory of Professional Learning Management, patient treatment interaction triggered the need for updating by occupational therapists. The patient interaction determined the specifics of the necessary learning in regards to the content, timing, context, and methods. Occupational Therapists were reliant upon off-the-job learning in order to provide quality patient care. There was a cyclical feedback loop between off-the-job learning and application of that learning on the job within the patient treatment situation.Unlike the EMMPU model, updating occurred under both positive and negative contexts. The high engagers in professional updating were able to learn in spite of the barriers restricting learning efforts. The barriers to learning were not managed as well by the medium and low engagers in professional updating activities. Regardless of level of updating, occupational therapists utilized a variety of updating methods in accordance with the way in which the learning needs were defined by the patient treatment situation.3Department of Educational LeadershipThesis (D. Ed.

Research paper thumbnail of Perspectives on Advanced Practice From Occupational Therapy

Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 2009

ABSTRACT Occupational therapy is a health profession that is currently implementing board certifi... more ABSTRACT Occupational therapy is a health profession that is currently implementing board certification as a means of recognizing advanced practice. This article reviews the history of advanced practice in occupational therapy. It includes a discussion of the difficulty of defining advanced practice in a profession that is continually evolving to meet the needs of the society it serves. The American Occupational Therapy Association has established Standards of Continuing Competence that are used to assist in the self-study for board certification. Board-certified therapists serve on expert panels to review applicants' self-studies and the e-portfolios to determine when the candidates have provided sound evidence of their advanced practice skills and performance. Implications and the importance of advanced practice are discussed in terms of their implications for the growth of the profession and future practice.