P. Mulligan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by P. Mulligan

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence of Oral Lesions in HIV-1-infected Women: Reduction with HAART

Journal of Dental Research, 2004

Few studies assess the effectiveness of HAART on reducing the incidence and recurrence of oral le... more Few studies assess the effectiveness of HAART on reducing the incidence and recurrence of oral lesions. We investigated such changes among 503 HIV+ women over six years in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. The incidence of erythematous candidiasis (EC), pseudomembranous candidiasis (PC), hairy leukoplakia (HL), and warts was computed over follow-up visits after HAART initiation compared with before HAART initiation. Analysis of our data demonstrates a strong decrease in candidiasis after HAART initiation. The incidence of EC fell to 2.99% from 5.48% (RR 0.545); PC fell to 2.85% from 6.70% (RR 0.425); and EC or PC fell to 3.43% from 7.35% (RR 0.466). No changes were seen in HL or warts. Higher HIV-RNA was associated with greater incidence of candidiasis and HL, but not warts. Analysis of these data indicates that recurrence and incidence of candidiasis are reduced by HAART, and that recurrence is reduced independently of CD4 and HIV-RNA.

Research paper thumbnail of Baseline characteristics of participants in the oral health component of the Women's Interagency HIV Study

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2004

This study described baseline sociodemographic and oral health characteristics of a subset of HIV... more This study described baseline sociodemographic and oral health characteristics of a subset of HIV sero-positive and sero-negative women who participated in the oral health component of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). In 1995-96, 584 HIV sero-positive and 151 sero-negative women from five WIHS core sites were enrolled in the oral study. Data on oral mucosa, salivary glands, dentition and periodontium, along with demographics, socioeconomics, and behavioral characteristics, were used to characterize this population. Mean (SD) age was 37 (8) years for HIV sero-positive and 36 (8) years for sero-negative women; 27% of sero-positive women had CD4 counts < or =200 and 34% had viral loads >50,000 copies/ml. Sero-positive and sero-negative women were similar demographically, as well as on plaque index, gingival bleeding, linear gingival banding, and numbers of DMF teeth and surfaces, but sero-positive women had more abnormal gingival papilla (P = 0.004) and fewer teeth (P = 0.01). Among sero-positive women, those with <200 CD4 counts had more DMF teeth (P = 0.007), and the number of DMF surfaces increased with decreasing CD4 counts (P = 0.04). Sero-positive women who fit the Center for Disease Control (CDC) AIDS criteria were also more likely to have more DMF teeth (P = 0.004), DMF surfaces (P = 0.003), and decayed and/or filled (DF) root surfaces (P = 0.0002) compared to sero-positive women without AIDS. Dental and periodontal variables showed little difference between HIV sero-positive and sero-negative women. Among sero-positive women, there were significant differences in coronal and root caries by AIDS diagnostic criteria, but no periodontal indicators by either AIDS diagnostic criteria or CD4 status, were observed.

Research paper thumbnail of Dental Students’ Attitudes Toward Homeless People While Providing Oral Health Care

Journal of Dental Education, Nov 1, 2010

Homeless people have multiple barriers in accessing health care services, and health care provide... more Homeless people have multiple barriers in accessing health care services, and health care providers' negative attitudes toward homeless people have been suggested as part of the problem. Studies on dental students' attitudes toward homeless people are lacking, so our aim was to understand dental students' attitudes. Dental students under the supervision of faculty members spent one day per week for seven weeks at the University of Southern California Union Rescue Mission Dental Clinic providing comprehensive dental services to homeless patients. Students completed the attitudes towards the homeless questionnaire (ATHQ) before and after the rotation with an experience evaluation questionnaire at the end. Data were collected over two years. A total of 242 students completed the questionnaires. The score on the ATHQ after rotation increased slightly but statistically significantly (70.36 pretest/71.38 posttest, P=0.01). Students' age, gender, and prior contact with the homeless population were not related to their attitudes toward homeless patients. Eighty-five percent agreed that the rotation made them feel more comfortable treating homeless patients, and 98 percent agreed that the patients made their experience enjoyable. Results suggest that dental students had positive attitudes toward the homeless and their scores on the ATHQ improved slightly after providing care.

Research paper thumbnail of Mobile dental clinic: an oral health care delivery model for underserved migrant children

Journal of the California Dental Association, Feb 1, 2010

Objectives: To investigate the oral health status, access, and the role of mobile dental clinics ... more Objectives: To investigate the oral health status, access, and the role of mobile dental clinics in improving the oral health of migrant children. Methods: Parents attending University of Southern California's Mobile Dental Clinics completed a questionnaire about their children's access to dental care. Results: 54 percent of children were unable to access needed care, and prevalence of untreated decay was 87.4 percent. Conclusion: Dental needs are high among migrant children. Mobile clinics provide a safety net for them.

Research paper thumbnail of The oral health conditions of the homeless in downtown Los Angeles

Journal of the California Dental Association, Sep 1, 2010

The aim of this study is to evaluate a community health project serving the homeless and to asses... more The aim of this study is to evaluate a community health project serving the homeless and to assess their oral health. Clinical charts of 1,088 patients were evaluated. The prevalence of untreated caries was 58 percent among adults with a mean of 6.3 decayed teeth. Homeless individuals are in great need of restorative, surgical, and periodontal dental procedures. Community health projects are important in assessing and improving the oral health of the underserved homeless population.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrating a Traditional Problem Based Learning Course with a Learning Management System

Dental Medicine Research, 2011

Background: This paper focuses on the additional time and effort associated with placing a proble... more Background: This paper focuses on the additional time and effort associated with placing a problem based learning (PBL) case within a learning management system (LMS) and reporting on both student LMS utilization and course satisfaction data. Methods:The study involved 13 PBL students who volunteered to participate in one of two 9 week long PBL courses (6 or 7 students in each course). The LMS selected for utilization in this experiment was Moodle version #1.9.5. A questionnaire assessed the students' attitudes about the hybrid PBL-LMS system. Time-effort data, collected prospectively, were divided into faculty tasks that: occur during a typical PBL case; involved preparing and presenting several lectures as part of an expert resource session(s); and were associated solely with the LMS creating and posting process. Results:The total time in each course was 119.5 hours and the LMS related tasks involved 25.5 hours or 21.3% of the total course time. While opinions will vary on this issue, this extra time is probably outweighed by the advantages a LMS offers. For example, by placing a PBL course inside a LMS tracking and comparing the performance of multiple simultaneous PBL groups and tutors for consistency can be readily accomplished. Conclusions:A majority of the students (72.7%) agreed that the various materials contained on the website (e.g. videos and supplemental materials) were very helpful and 54.5% agreed that all future PBL courses should have a web-based component.

Research paper thumbnail of Treating the older adult dental patient: what are the issues of concern?

Journal of the California Dental Association, Nov 1, 2009

Just as aging successfully requires a multifaceted approach that includes full engagement in life... more Just as aging successfully requires a multifaceted approach that includes full engagement in life, maintenance of high physical and cognitive function, and avoidance of disease and related disability, so does the care of adult patients. This geriatric treatment model suggests that understanding the psychosocial, behavioral, and medical presentation of the older patient may prove to be the key to the ultimate success of the dental/oral treatment arrived at collaboratively by the dentist and the older patient.

Research paper thumbnail of Oral health: Effect on nutrition and rehabilitation in older persons

Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, Sep 30, 1989

Research paper thumbnail of Comprar Geriatric Dentistry, An Issue of Dental Clinics | Roseann Mulligan | 9781416028208 | Saunders

Http Www Libreriasaulamedica Com, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of an HIV/AIDS program on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of dental professionals

Journal of dental education

The Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center (PAETC) developed and tested over time a curriculu... more The Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center (PAETC) developed and tested over time a curriculum to meet the changed HIV/AIDS-related needs of dental health professionals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HIV-related knowledge, attitudes/beliefs, and behaviors among the participants of a CE training course based on this curriculum, both before and six weeks after the completion of the course. The project recruited 106 participants who were dental health professionals over a ten and a half year period (1992-2003). The dental participants consisted of 79 percent dentists and 21 percent dental hygienists or dental assistants. The sample was 67 percent male, 33 percent female, 45 percent Caucasian, and 24 percent Asian. An adapted questionnaire was used before and after the training to assess the educational needs of the participants and evaluate the success of the program in meeting those needs. Approximately 81 percent of the participants completed both questionnaires. After the course, the participants significantly changed their knowledge, attitudes/beliefs, and behaviors (65 percent, 86 percent, 55 percent respectively, all at p=.0001). Overall, the educational program was successful in increasing and promoting the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes/beliefs of the participants and enhancing their commitment to infection control and HIV risk screening behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of The Attitudes of Dental Hygiene Students Toward Unverserved populations

Journal of dental hygiene: JDH / American Dental Hygienists' Association

Objectives. To evaluate the attitudes of dental hygiene (DH) students toward underserved populati... more Objectives. To evaluate the attitudes of dental hygiene (DH) students toward underserved populations, and to compare their attitudes to the attitudes of freshman dental students (DDS). Methods. A validated questionnaire designed to measure dental students' attitudes toward providing care to underserved populations was used. Freshman dental and dental hygiene students at the University of Southern California, School of Dentistry were asked to complete this questionnaire. The study was restricted to female DH students. Results. The response rate among DH students was 95%; mean age was 25 years; 22% were Asians, and 33% were Caucasians. The mean attitudes scores were not significantly different between the DDS and DH students. However, among Caucasians, DDS students scored more positively by 13% in the student responsibility component of the instrument than did DH students (p<0.01), and they were more likely to believe that acsess to medical care in America is influenced by type...

Research paper thumbnail of Oral Health Quality of Life and Perceived Dental Needs

Objective: Oral health-related qualify of life (OHRQOL) instruments have been developed in an att... more Objective: Oral health-related qualify of life (OHRQOL) instruments have been developed in an attempt to measure the psychosocial or emotional impact of oral diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the OHRQOL in the US population by their sociodemographic factors, perception of dental needs, reported dental visits and saliva indicators. Methods: Data resulted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was used in this study. NHANES is a cross sectional study with a complex designed sample which was considered in the analyses by using the Taylor series approach. NHANES 03-04 measured the OHRQOL by a modified shorter version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) Instrument. Univariate and multivariate analyzed were conducted. Results: The study had 6,183 subjects who averaged OHRQOL of 32.2 points which comprises 92.1% of the maximum desirable possible score of 35 points. Abo...

Research paper thumbnail of Disparities in Access to Oral Health and Oral Health Outcomes in the Latino Community: A Growing Epidemic

The 2000 Surgeon General's Report concluded that oral health was essential to overall health ... more The 2000 Surgeon General's Report concluded that oral health was essential to overall health and that for underprivileged children a silent epidemic existed; dental decay being the single most common childhood disease, 5 times more common than asthma and poor children having 12 times as many activity restricted days per year due to dental illnesses. With great disparities in SES, some 10 million inhabitants call Los Angeles County home; near 50% are Latinos, and 36% were born in foreign countries. A study was conducted to investigate the social determinants of oral health and current oral health status of underprivileged children and Los Angeles County. This is the most comprehensive study of oral health among underprivileged children of Los Angeles County. The study documented oral health profiles of underprivileged children and prepared for the design of culturally appropriate community interventions in the future. This study showed a higher than anticipated prevalence of cari...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of a community oral health project serving the homeless in Los Angeles

Objective: To evaluate a community health project of the USC School of Dentistry serving the home... more Objective: To evaluate a community health project of the USC School of Dentistry serving the homeless in Los Angeles, CA, and to assess the oral health condition of its population. Methods: All the clinical charts of 1,088 patients seen during 2006 in the USC dental clinic located in the Union Rescue Mission in downtown Los Angeles, CA have been evaluated. Results: Only 29% of the patients were females; 54% were between 25 and 49 years, 15% less than 18 years old, and less than 2% over 65 years. The patients -on average- visited the clinic 5.4 times, and had 2.8 procedures per visit. Compared to males, females had significantly lower average of visits but higher average of procedures per visit (3.9 vs. 6.1 and 3.0 vs. 2.7 respectively, both p<.0001). The diagnosis and treatment procedures composed 27% and 73% of all provided procedures respectively. The most frequent interventional (non-medicament) types of procedures were restorative (25%), removable prosthodontic (23%), prevent...

Research paper thumbnail of Factors involved in establishing a geriatric dentistry clinical training and research program in an extramural institutional setting

Research paper thumbnail of Dental school patients: how will they react to public dental insurance?

Research paper thumbnail of Behavior modification utilizing hypnosis in a minimal brain dysfunction patient

Journal of dentistry for the handicapped, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Dry mouth: a critical topic for older adult patients

Journal of prosthodontic research, 2015

Diminished salivary flow, or dry mouth impacts the oral health of many older adults, dentate and ... more Diminished salivary flow, or dry mouth impacts the oral health of many older adults, dentate and edentulous. As a result typical oral conditions can prove more challenging to both the patient's comfort and home care and the treatment selected by the clinician. This paper will review issues of dry mouth from a clinical and symptomatic perspective and will include the condition's causes, treatment and prevention. We performed a review of PubMed using the words: older adults, dry mouth, xerostomia, radiation-induced xerostomia, and salivary gland hypofunction. We selected 90 articles with a clinical application perspective. When it comes to treatment of dry mouth conditions, either objective or subjective, there are no easy answers as to the best course of action for a specific individual. While most of the cited studies have examined the most difficult cases of dry mouth (e.g., Sjögren's syndrome, and that seen during and post head and neck cancer treatments), there are ma...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing methods of cultural competency training and assessment in a predoctoral dental course

Journal of dental education, 2013

Cultural competence is considered an important skill in health care delivery; accordingly, it req... more Cultural competence is considered an important skill in health care delivery; accordingly, it requires an effective and efficient course of training. Web-based teaching has increasingly been used in medical education with a few reports also in the dental field; however, there is a lack of evidence of its full application and usefulness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of web-based case scenarios in comparison with seminar-based training to deliver cultural competency material to the health care provider in training. Eighty-one fourth-year dental students attending a mandatory Special Patients' Care clinical rotation were randomly allocated to receive first either a session of seminar or web-based case scenarios on cultural competence, with all students receiving a manual containing information about various cultures and the issues of cultural diversity on the first day of the training. All students underwent pre- and post-training examinations, which wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Dental students' attitudes toward underserved populations across four years of dental school

Journal of dental education, 2011

The objective of this study was to assess dental students' attitudes toward underserved popul... more The objective of this study was to assess dental students' attitudes toward underserved populations across their four years of dental school. Students at the Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California were invited to take part in the study. Participating students completed a questionnaire on their attitudes toward the underserved at three time points: 1) during orientation week; 2) at the end of their second year after taking part in some community dental programs; and 3) at the end of their fourth year after they had completed all their mandatory and volunteer rotations in community dental programs. Students' attitudes were measured in four categories: societal expectations, dentist/student responsibility, personal efficacy, and access to care. First-year students scored 85 out of a maximum of 115 on the questionnaire. Female students scored higher than male students (P=0.006). Age, debt, and past history of volunteer work were not related to...

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence of Oral Lesions in HIV-1-infected Women: Reduction with HAART

Journal of Dental Research, 2004

Few studies assess the effectiveness of HAART on reducing the incidence and recurrence of oral le... more Few studies assess the effectiveness of HAART on reducing the incidence and recurrence of oral lesions. We investigated such changes among 503 HIV+ women over six years in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. The incidence of erythematous candidiasis (EC), pseudomembranous candidiasis (PC), hairy leukoplakia (HL), and warts was computed over follow-up visits after HAART initiation compared with before HAART initiation. Analysis of our data demonstrates a strong decrease in candidiasis after HAART initiation. The incidence of EC fell to 2.99% from 5.48% (RR 0.545); PC fell to 2.85% from 6.70% (RR 0.425); and EC or PC fell to 3.43% from 7.35% (RR 0.466). No changes were seen in HL or warts. Higher HIV-RNA was associated with greater incidence of candidiasis and HL, but not warts. Analysis of these data indicates that recurrence and incidence of candidiasis are reduced by HAART, and that recurrence is reduced independently of CD4 and HIV-RNA.

Research paper thumbnail of Baseline characteristics of participants in the oral health component of the Women's Interagency HIV Study

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2004

This study described baseline sociodemographic and oral health characteristics of a subset of HIV... more This study described baseline sociodemographic and oral health characteristics of a subset of HIV sero-positive and sero-negative women who participated in the oral health component of the Women&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). In 1995-96, 584 HIV sero-positive and 151 sero-negative women from five WIHS core sites were enrolled in the oral study. Data on oral mucosa, salivary glands, dentition and periodontium, along with demographics, socioeconomics, and behavioral characteristics, were used to characterize this population. Mean (SD) age was 37 (8) years for HIV sero-positive and 36 (8) years for sero-negative women; 27% of sero-positive women had CD4 counts &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; or =200 and 34% had viral loads &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;50,000 copies/ml. Sero-positive and sero-negative women were similar demographically, as well as on plaque index, gingival bleeding, linear gingival banding, and numbers of DMF teeth and surfaces, but sero-positive women had more abnormal gingival papilla (P = 0.004) and fewer teeth (P = 0.01). Among sero-positive women, those with &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;200 CD4 counts had more DMF teeth (P = 0.007), and the number of DMF surfaces increased with decreasing CD4 counts (P = 0.04). Sero-positive women who fit the Center for Disease Control (CDC) AIDS criteria were also more likely to have more DMF teeth (P = 0.004), DMF surfaces (P = 0.003), and decayed and/or filled (DF) root surfaces (P = 0.0002) compared to sero-positive women without AIDS. Dental and periodontal variables showed little difference between HIV sero-positive and sero-negative women. Among sero-positive women, there were significant differences in coronal and root caries by AIDS diagnostic criteria, but no periodontal indicators by either AIDS diagnostic criteria or CD4 status, were observed.

Research paper thumbnail of Dental Students’ Attitudes Toward Homeless People While Providing Oral Health Care

Journal of Dental Education, Nov 1, 2010

Homeless people have multiple barriers in accessing health care services, and health care provide... more Homeless people have multiple barriers in accessing health care services, and health care providers&#39; negative attitudes toward homeless people have been suggested as part of the problem. Studies on dental students&#39; attitudes toward homeless people are lacking, so our aim was to understand dental students&#39; attitudes. Dental students under the supervision of faculty members spent one day per week for seven weeks at the University of Southern California Union Rescue Mission Dental Clinic providing comprehensive dental services to homeless patients. Students completed the attitudes towards the homeless questionnaire (ATHQ) before and after the rotation with an experience evaluation questionnaire at the end. Data were collected over two years. A total of 242 students completed the questionnaires. The score on the ATHQ after rotation increased slightly but statistically significantly (70.36 pretest/71.38 posttest, P=0.01). Students&#39; age, gender, and prior contact with the homeless population were not related to their attitudes toward homeless patients. Eighty-five percent agreed that the rotation made them feel more comfortable treating homeless patients, and 98 percent agreed that the patients made their experience enjoyable. Results suggest that dental students had positive attitudes toward the homeless and their scores on the ATHQ improved slightly after providing care.

Research paper thumbnail of Mobile dental clinic: an oral health care delivery model for underserved migrant children

Journal of the California Dental Association, Feb 1, 2010

Objectives: To investigate the oral health status, access, and the role of mobile dental clinics ... more Objectives: To investigate the oral health status, access, and the role of mobile dental clinics in improving the oral health of migrant children. Methods: Parents attending University of Southern California's Mobile Dental Clinics completed a questionnaire about their children's access to dental care. Results: 54 percent of children were unable to access needed care, and prevalence of untreated decay was 87.4 percent. Conclusion: Dental needs are high among migrant children. Mobile clinics provide a safety net for them.

Research paper thumbnail of The oral health conditions of the homeless in downtown Los Angeles

Journal of the California Dental Association, Sep 1, 2010

The aim of this study is to evaluate a community health project serving the homeless and to asses... more The aim of this study is to evaluate a community health project serving the homeless and to assess their oral health. Clinical charts of 1,088 patients were evaluated. The prevalence of untreated caries was 58 percent among adults with a mean of 6.3 decayed teeth. Homeless individuals are in great need of restorative, surgical, and periodontal dental procedures. Community health projects are important in assessing and improving the oral health of the underserved homeless population.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrating a Traditional Problem Based Learning Course with a Learning Management System

Dental Medicine Research, 2011

Background: This paper focuses on the additional time and effort associated with placing a proble... more Background: This paper focuses on the additional time and effort associated with placing a problem based learning (PBL) case within a learning management system (LMS) and reporting on both student LMS utilization and course satisfaction data. Methods:The study involved 13 PBL students who volunteered to participate in one of two 9 week long PBL courses (6 or 7 students in each course). The LMS selected for utilization in this experiment was Moodle version #1.9.5. A questionnaire assessed the students' attitudes about the hybrid PBL-LMS system. Time-effort data, collected prospectively, were divided into faculty tasks that: occur during a typical PBL case; involved preparing and presenting several lectures as part of an expert resource session(s); and were associated solely with the LMS creating and posting process. Results:The total time in each course was 119.5 hours and the LMS related tasks involved 25.5 hours or 21.3% of the total course time. While opinions will vary on this issue, this extra time is probably outweighed by the advantages a LMS offers. For example, by placing a PBL course inside a LMS tracking and comparing the performance of multiple simultaneous PBL groups and tutors for consistency can be readily accomplished. Conclusions:A majority of the students (72.7%) agreed that the various materials contained on the website (e.g. videos and supplemental materials) were very helpful and 54.5% agreed that all future PBL courses should have a web-based component.

Research paper thumbnail of Treating the older adult dental patient: what are the issues of concern?

Journal of the California Dental Association, Nov 1, 2009

Just as aging successfully requires a multifaceted approach that includes full engagement in life... more Just as aging successfully requires a multifaceted approach that includes full engagement in life, maintenance of high physical and cognitive function, and avoidance of disease and related disability, so does the care of adult patients. This geriatric treatment model suggests that understanding the psychosocial, behavioral, and medical presentation of the older patient may prove to be the key to the ultimate success of the dental/oral treatment arrived at collaboratively by the dentist and the older patient.

Research paper thumbnail of Oral health: Effect on nutrition and rehabilitation in older persons

Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, Sep 30, 1989

Research paper thumbnail of Comprar Geriatric Dentistry, An Issue of Dental Clinics | Roseann Mulligan | 9781416028208 | Saunders

Http Www Libreriasaulamedica Com, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of an HIV/AIDS program on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of dental professionals

Journal of dental education

The Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center (PAETC) developed and tested over time a curriculu... more The Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center (PAETC) developed and tested over time a curriculum to meet the changed HIV/AIDS-related needs of dental health professionals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HIV-related knowledge, attitudes/beliefs, and behaviors among the participants of a CE training course based on this curriculum, both before and six weeks after the completion of the course. The project recruited 106 participants who were dental health professionals over a ten and a half year period (1992-2003). The dental participants consisted of 79 percent dentists and 21 percent dental hygienists or dental assistants. The sample was 67 percent male, 33 percent female, 45 percent Caucasian, and 24 percent Asian. An adapted questionnaire was used before and after the training to assess the educational needs of the participants and evaluate the success of the program in meeting those needs. Approximately 81 percent of the participants completed both questionnaires. After the course, the participants significantly changed their knowledge, attitudes/beliefs, and behaviors (65 percent, 86 percent, 55 percent respectively, all at p=.0001). Overall, the educational program was successful in increasing and promoting the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes/beliefs of the participants and enhancing their commitment to infection control and HIV risk screening behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of The Attitudes of Dental Hygiene Students Toward Unverserved populations

Journal of dental hygiene: JDH / American Dental Hygienists' Association

Objectives. To evaluate the attitudes of dental hygiene (DH) students toward underserved populati... more Objectives. To evaluate the attitudes of dental hygiene (DH) students toward underserved populations, and to compare their attitudes to the attitudes of freshman dental students (DDS). Methods. A validated questionnaire designed to measure dental students' attitudes toward providing care to underserved populations was used. Freshman dental and dental hygiene students at the University of Southern California, School of Dentistry were asked to complete this questionnaire. The study was restricted to female DH students. Results. The response rate among DH students was 95%; mean age was 25 years; 22% were Asians, and 33% were Caucasians. The mean attitudes scores were not significantly different between the DDS and DH students. However, among Caucasians, DDS students scored more positively by 13% in the student responsibility component of the instrument than did DH students (p<0.01), and they were more likely to believe that acsess to medical care in America is influenced by type...

Research paper thumbnail of Oral Health Quality of Life and Perceived Dental Needs

Objective: Oral health-related qualify of life (OHRQOL) instruments have been developed in an att... more Objective: Oral health-related qualify of life (OHRQOL) instruments have been developed in an attempt to measure the psychosocial or emotional impact of oral diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the OHRQOL in the US population by their sociodemographic factors, perception of dental needs, reported dental visits and saliva indicators. Methods: Data resulted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was used in this study. NHANES is a cross sectional study with a complex designed sample which was considered in the analyses by using the Taylor series approach. NHANES 03-04 measured the OHRQOL by a modified shorter version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) Instrument. Univariate and multivariate analyzed were conducted. Results: The study had 6,183 subjects who averaged OHRQOL of 32.2 points which comprises 92.1% of the maximum desirable possible score of 35 points. Abo...

Research paper thumbnail of Disparities in Access to Oral Health and Oral Health Outcomes in the Latino Community: A Growing Epidemic

The 2000 Surgeon General's Report concluded that oral health was essential to overall health ... more The 2000 Surgeon General's Report concluded that oral health was essential to overall health and that for underprivileged children a silent epidemic existed; dental decay being the single most common childhood disease, 5 times more common than asthma and poor children having 12 times as many activity restricted days per year due to dental illnesses. With great disparities in SES, some 10 million inhabitants call Los Angeles County home; near 50% are Latinos, and 36% were born in foreign countries. A study was conducted to investigate the social determinants of oral health and current oral health status of underprivileged children and Los Angeles County. This is the most comprehensive study of oral health among underprivileged children of Los Angeles County. The study documented oral health profiles of underprivileged children and prepared for the design of culturally appropriate community interventions in the future. This study showed a higher than anticipated prevalence of cari...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of a community oral health project serving the homeless in Los Angeles

Objective: To evaluate a community health project of the USC School of Dentistry serving the home... more Objective: To evaluate a community health project of the USC School of Dentistry serving the homeless in Los Angeles, CA, and to assess the oral health condition of its population. Methods: All the clinical charts of 1,088 patients seen during 2006 in the USC dental clinic located in the Union Rescue Mission in downtown Los Angeles, CA have been evaluated. Results: Only 29% of the patients were females; 54% were between 25 and 49 years, 15% less than 18 years old, and less than 2% over 65 years. The patients -on average- visited the clinic 5.4 times, and had 2.8 procedures per visit. Compared to males, females had significantly lower average of visits but higher average of procedures per visit (3.9 vs. 6.1 and 3.0 vs. 2.7 respectively, both p<.0001). The diagnosis and treatment procedures composed 27% and 73% of all provided procedures respectively. The most frequent interventional (non-medicament) types of procedures were restorative (25%), removable prosthodontic (23%), prevent...

Research paper thumbnail of Factors involved in establishing a geriatric dentistry clinical training and research program in an extramural institutional setting

Research paper thumbnail of Dental school patients: how will they react to public dental insurance?

Research paper thumbnail of Behavior modification utilizing hypnosis in a minimal brain dysfunction patient

Journal of dentistry for the handicapped, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Dry mouth: a critical topic for older adult patients

Journal of prosthodontic research, 2015

Diminished salivary flow, or dry mouth impacts the oral health of many older adults, dentate and ... more Diminished salivary flow, or dry mouth impacts the oral health of many older adults, dentate and edentulous. As a result typical oral conditions can prove more challenging to both the patient's comfort and home care and the treatment selected by the clinician. This paper will review issues of dry mouth from a clinical and symptomatic perspective and will include the condition's causes, treatment and prevention. We performed a review of PubMed using the words: older adults, dry mouth, xerostomia, radiation-induced xerostomia, and salivary gland hypofunction. We selected 90 articles with a clinical application perspective. When it comes to treatment of dry mouth conditions, either objective or subjective, there are no easy answers as to the best course of action for a specific individual. While most of the cited studies have examined the most difficult cases of dry mouth (e.g., Sjögren's syndrome, and that seen during and post head and neck cancer treatments), there are ma...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing methods of cultural competency training and assessment in a predoctoral dental course

Journal of dental education, 2013

Cultural competence is considered an important skill in health care delivery; accordingly, it req... more Cultural competence is considered an important skill in health care delivery; accordingly, it requires an effective and efficient course of training. Web-based teaching has increasingly been used in medical education with a few reports also in the dental field; however, there is a lack of evidence of its full application and usefulness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of web-based case scenarios in comparison with seminar-based training to deliver cultural competency material to the health care provider in training. Eighty-one fourth-year dental students attending a mandatory Special Patients' Care clinical rotation were randomly allocated to receive first either a session of seminar or web-based case scenarios on cultural competence, with all students receiving a manual containing information about various cultures and the issues of cultural diversity on the first day of the training. All students underwent pre- and post-training examinations, which wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Dental students' attitudes toward underserved populations across four years of dental school

Journal of dental education, 2011

The objective of this study was to assess dental students' attitudes toward underserved popul... more The objective of this study was to assess dental students' attitudes toward underserved populations across their four years of dental school. Students at the Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California were invited to take part in the study. Participating students completed a questionnaire on their attitudes toward the underserved at three time points: 1) during orientation week; 2) at the end of their second year after taking part in some community dental programs; and 3) at the end of their fourth year after they had completed all their mandatory and volunteer rotations in community dental programs. Students' attitudes were measured in four categories: societal expectations, dentist/student responsibility, personal efficacy, and access to care. First-year students scored 85 out of a maximum of 115 on the questionnaire. Female students scored higher than male students (P=0.006). Age, debt, and past history of volunteer work were not related to...