PRADEEP KUMAR - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by PRADEEP KUMAR

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020

Selenium, an essential trace element, plays an important role in mammalian biology. Selenium nano... more Selenium, an essential trace element, plays an important role in mammalian biology. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained significant importance because of its bioavailability, least toxicity, its interaction with proteins and its biocompatibility. The objective of the present study is to assess the cytotoxicity of SeNPs by testing on HepG2 cell line. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on HepG2 cell line was studied by MTT assay. Cytotoxicity was determined using Graph pad prim5 software. The SeNPs showed cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell line with 77%, 63% and 33.7% of cell viability at 2μg/ ml, 4μg/ml and 30μg/ml concentration respectively. Biogenic SeNPs exhibited cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line and hence warrants further research regarding its biosafety and potential oral antimicrobial agent.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020

Fluoridated dentifrices are considered as an effective method for preventing dental caries. Nano-... more Fluoridated dentifrices are considered as an effective method for preventing dental caries. Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals which have remineralizing potential can be combined with herbs with antimicrobial activity and used as a dentifrice without any risks like cytotoxicity and adverse effects. Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals are formulated by wet chemical precipitation method and tested using X-ray diffractometer. An herbal dentifrice is formulated from extract of Salvadora persica to which Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals are added. A 3x3mm wide window has been created in 14 extracted first premolars which are then processed through a pH cycling for 7 days. The depth of the lesion is assessed using a confocal microscope. The difference in mean depth of the lesion between test dentifrice (Herbal dentifrice with Hydroxyapatite) (240.33.± 23.47) and fluoride dentifrice (272.75±29.38) was found to be statistically significant. Herbal dentifrice with Hydroxyapatite group mean depth of the lesio...

Clinical Oral Investigations, 2021

Smoked, and especially smokeless, tobaccos are major causes of oral cancer globally. Here, we exa... more Smoked, and especially smokeless, tobaccos are major causes of oral cancer globally. Here, we examine the oral bacteriome of smokers and of smokeless tobacco users, in comparison to healthy controls, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Oral swab samples were collected from smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and healthy controls (n = 44). Microbial DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene profiled using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing reads were processed using DADA2, and taxonomical classification was performed using the phylogenetic placement method. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using DESeq2, while functional metagenomes based on KEGG orthology abundance were inferred using LIMMA.A significantly higher microbial diversity was observed in smokeless tobacco users and smokers relative to controls (P < 0.05). Compositional differences in microbial communities were observed in all comparisons with healthy controls (PERMANOVA P < 0.05) but not between smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Levels of Fusobacterium spp., Saccharibacterium spp., and members of Shuttleworthia were elevated in smokers when compared to controls (BH adj P < 0.01). In addition, the relative abundance of three bacterial taxa belonging to genera Fusobacterium spp., Catonella, and Fretibacterium spp. was significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users relative to controls (BH adj P < 0.01). Major functional pathways significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users relative to both controls, and smokers were similar and involved amino acid metabolism including glutamate and aspartate biosynthesis and degradation (log FC > 1.5; BH adj P < 0.01).A distinct taxonomic and functional profile of oral microbiome in smokers and smokeless tobacco users as compared to healthy controls implicates a significant role of microbes and their metabolites in diseases associated with tobacco use including oral cancer.Future efforts in preventive, diagnostic, curative, and prognostic strategies for diseases associated with tobacco use in smokers and smokeless tobacco users could incorporate the oral microbiome.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Introduction: Antibiotics are routinely used in dental practice to treat microbial diseases. Howe... more Introduction: Antibiotics are routinely used in dental practice to treat microbial diseases. However, the spread of drug resistant pathogens has drawn researchers’ interest to find out new antimicrobial agents against oral microbial diseases. Aim: To compare the anti-microbial activity of clove oil, cinnamon oil, turmeric oil, nutmeg oil, and peppermint oil against oral pathogens. Materials and Methods: It was an in-vitro study. The organisms used in this study were Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Agar Well Diffusion Method was used to assess the anti-microbial efficacy of the five essential oils against oral pathogens. Five discs/concentration/microorganism were used in the study. The zone of inhibition was measured after incubation. Kruskal Wallis Test was used to compare the difference in the anti-microbial activity of the oils. Results: The mean zone of inhibition of clove oil against Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faec...

Aim: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of the patients of a private ho... more Aim: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of the patients of a private hospital. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire incorporating items related to oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was distributed to 150 patients visiting the hospital. Results: Only 100 completely filled questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The study population consisted of 44% males and 56% females. The females consult the dentist immediately when they experience pain in tooth, tooth decay, or bleeding of gums. More than 50% of males and females are aware of the cause and prevention of decay, gum disease and malocclusion. 46.1% males and 4% females have the habit of smoking and are not aware of the adverse effects. Majority of the patients use soft bristles for brushing and less than 50% females use fluoridated toothpaste. Conclusion: Oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices arefound to be satisfactory,but still dental health education may be imparted.

Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of humankind. Dental caries development is consi... more Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of humankind. Dental caries development is considered to involve a triad of indispensable factors that can be concluded as bacteria in dental plaque, carbohydrates in the diet, and susceptible teeth. Saliva composition is an important factor in determining the prevalence of caries. For relative protection against dental cavities, salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, calcium, phosphate, and fluoride concentrations are essentials. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the existing literature on the evaluation of salivary flow rate, pH, calcium, total protein, buffering capacity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level among caries-active and caries-free adolescence. Search strategy: The Data Bases of PubMed and Google Scholar were used. Selection criteria: A cross-sectional study evaluating salivary flow rate, pH, calcium, total protein, buffering capacity, and TAC among caries-free and caries-active adolescence was select...

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2020

Introduction: Pit and fissures are more prone to caries as compared to smooth surfaces. Sealing t... more Introduction: Pit and fissures are more prone to caries as compared to smooth surfaces. Sealing the pit and fissures with sealants is considered to be highly effective in the prevention of pit and fissure caries. Hydrophobic sealants are technique sensitive in nature. Ultraseal XT Hydro sealant is moisture tolerant which incorporates the benefits of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sealants into one unique chemistry. Hence, the study was conducted to compare and evaluate the retention, cariostatic effect, and discoloration of conventional Clinpro™ 3M™ ESPE™ and hydrophilic Ultraseal XT Hydro sealants among 12-15-year-old schoolchildren for 6 months. Materials and methods: It was a single-blinded, randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Schoolchildren aged 12-15 years were recruited in this clinical trial. Clinpro sealant and Ultraseal XT Hydro were placed in the right and left quadrant molars, respectively, and were assigned as group I and II. The sample size arrived was 60 teeth per group and at 30 patients based on the computer-generated random sequence. Sealant coverage between the two sealants was compared using Mann-Whitney test and Z test for proportions. Results: After 6 months, it was seen that 10 teeth out of 44 (22.72%) with Clinpro had the sealant covering all the fissures compared to Ultraseal XT Hydro which was only 9%. Fifty-nine percent of retention rate was seen with Clinpro compared to Ultraseal XT Hydro sealant (27.27%). Caries incidence was higher in the case of group II. No difference was observed with regard to the discoloration of the sealants. Conclusion: It was concluded that for a longer follow-up period conventional Clinpro™ 3M™ ESPE™ was better than Ultra XT Hydro seal in terms of retention and cariostatic effect.

Bioinformation, 2020

It is of interest to document the The Oral Health heigene data among the paliyan and pulayan trib... more It is of interest to document the The Oral Health heigene data among the paliyan and pulayan tribes in India. The Paliyan and Pulayan tribes inhabit a narrow strip of Western Ghats in the hilly regions of Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Tirunelveli and Virudhunagar districts of Tamil Nadu. Subjects aged 5yrs and above are used in this study. The WHO assessment form was used to assess the oral health status. Results show that 589 (58%) ignored the oral health problems, 225 (22.2%) relied on self-medications, 142 (14%) consulted a general physician, 35 (3.5%) had visited a dentist and the remaining 23 (2.3%) were dependent upon over the counter medications from a pharmacy. Thus, the prosthetic need was highest among the 55 + yrs age group, 36 (48.6%) required maxillary prosthesis and 21 (28.4%) required mandibular prosthesis.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020

Silica based nanoparticles are used in various fields of medical sciences to diagnose, control di... more Silica based nanoparticles are used in various fields of medical sciences to diagnose, control disease, for genetic disorders, owing to their size, surface area, biocompatibility and low toxicity. In dentistry, silica nanoparticles have been used as dental filler, teeth whitening agent but limited evidence is there regarding antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the anti-bacterial activity of mouthwash incorporated with silica nanoparticles against oral pathogens. Tetraethoxysilane, ammonium hydroxide, absolute ethanol were used and centrifuged to obtain the silica nanoparticle pellet. XRD analysis was done to confirm the characterization of the thus obtained silica nanoparticle. The mouthwash was prepared with the synthesized silica nanoparticle as the main constituent. Agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus and E. faecalis. The XRD analysis confirmed the amo...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017

Fluoride in drinking water plays a vital role in dental health. Due to excessive fluoride in wate... more Fluoride in drinking water plays a vital role in dental health. Due to excessive fluoride in water, enamel loses its luster. At lower concentration, it guards our teeth against cavities but at higher concentrations imparts fluorosis in varying concentrations. Excess fluoride in drinking water is reported from more than 35 countries around the globe with India and China. In countries like India, the severe contamination of drinking water with excess fluoride acquired the dimensions of a social economic rather than a public health problem triggering defluoridation research.

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2014

Fluoride contamination of groundwater is a growing problem in many parts of the world. The presen... more Fluoride contamination of groundwater is a growing problem in many parts of the world. The present study is an attempt to assess fluoride concentration of groundwater in parts of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. It was found that fluoride concentration ranged from 0.05-1.04 mg/L. If residents consume non potable high fluoride water they may suffer from yellow, mottled teethdental fluorosis Therefore, it is essential to evolve regulations designated to improve the health and safety of the human and natural environment in the study area.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020

Background and Aim: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of death which causes death of six mil... more Background and Aim: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of death which causes death of six millions each year worldwide. One of the most effective methods of preventing this are tobacco counseling sessions as it provides a platform for the patient and the dental professionals to map out a plan for the patient to lead a tobacco free life. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess nicotine dependence, cotinine level and carbon monoxide levels among tobacco users employed in private automobile companies in Chennai. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Subject and Methods: A cross sectional study of 53 males was conducted among automobile company employees, using simple random sampling technique in Chennai, India. A detailed questionnaire assessing their demographic data, pattern of usage of tobacco, Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependence was recorded, carbon monoxide levels were recorded using Smokerlyzer, and presence of urine cotinine was recorded. Descriptive statistics and C...

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

Diabetes mellitus is the second most common non-communicable disease in India. There are various ... more Diabetes mellitus is the second most common non-communicable disease in India. There are various diseases of the oral cavity resulting as a complication of diabetes. This underlying systemic disease could affect the prognosis of any dental treatment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of various types of oral lesions associated with diabetes. A total of 343 diabetic patients visiting the dental hospital in Chennai over a period of one year (1 June 2019 to 1 June 2020) were selected for the study. Detailed case history and clinical examination were carried out under visible light. The study population was age 30 years and above. Data collected were analysed using SPSS software and the results were recorded. The majority of the diabetic patients were males, aged 61-75 years. Dental caries was the most common oral disease, followed by pulpitis and periodontitis. The premalignant lesions like Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis, Lichen Planus and Leukoplakia were also found. It w...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND Tobacco addiction has emerged as a major public health issue resulting in enormous dis... more BACKGROUND Tobacco addiction has emerged as a major public health issue resulting in enormous disability, disease, and death and also acquired the dimension of an epidemic. More people die as a result of the worldwide tobacco epidemic than from tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and malaria combined. India is the second largest consumer of tobacco globally. It is estimated that five million preventable deaths occur every year globally. The trend of consumption of cigarettes is mostly seen among the young adult and adult population. Therefore, this study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and pattern of smoking among company and factory employees in Chennai. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among 102 automobile company employees in Chennai, where a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics, chi square test, Pearson correlation test were used to analyse the data. RESULT...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019

Objective: In recent years, the side effects encountered with the use of chemicals has led to the... more Objective: In recent years, the side effects encountered with the use of chemicals has led to the search for safe anticariogenic alternatives. Green tea is one such naturally occurring alternative which possesses anticariogenic activity through a direct bactericidal effect against cariogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze the existing literature on the effectiveness of green tea extract containing formulations on dental caries. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Metapress, and Google Scholar were searched up to July 2015 for the related topic. References of the selected articles and relevant reviews were searched for any missed publications. Results: The systematic search revealed a total of 437 publications which were scrutinized based on eligibility criteria. Six publications fulfilled the criteria and 431 publications were excluded from the review. Out of six studies, three studies reported a statisticall...

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2011

Aim: To determine the periodontal status and treatment needs among dental fluorosis subjects resi... more Aim: To determine the periodontal status and treatment needs among dental fluorosis subjects residing in Ennore, Chennai, using Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Materials and Methods: All the subjects with dental fluorosis above 15 years of age, permanent residents of Ennore, were included in the study. Subjects with known systemic diseases and subjects with other intrinsic dental stains were excluded from the study. Periodontal status was estimated using CPITN and Dental fluorosis was recorded using Dean's Dental Fluorosis Index. Results: The total number of study subjects was 1075, of which 489 were males and 586 were females. Males were predominantly affected with periodontal disease than females. This was found to be statistically significant (P=0.000). The association between Degree of Fluorosis and Periodontal Status is statistically significant (P=0.000). There was statistically significant difference in mean number of sextants between the degree of fluorosis in each of the periodontal status (P=0.000). Conclusion: The finding that the lower prevalence of shallow pockets in the study area, where the fluoride level in the drinking water ranges from 1.83 to 2.01 ppm, indicates that the use of fluoride in water is beneficial to the periodontal tissues.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020

Selenium, an essential trace element, plays an important role in mammalian biology. Selenium nano... more Selenium, an essential trace element, plays an important role in mammalian biology. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained significant importance because of its bioavailability, least toxicity, its interaction with proteins and its biocompatibility. The objective of the present study is to assess the cytotoxicity of SeNPs by testing on HepG2 cell line. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on HepG2 cell line was studied by MTT assay. Cytotoxicity was determined using Graph pad prim5 software. The SeNPs showed cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell line with 77%, 63% and 33.7% of cell viability at 2μg/ ml, 4μg/ml and 30μg/ml concentration respectively. Biogenic SeNPs exhibited cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line and hence warrants further research regarding its biosafety and potential oral antimicrobial agent.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020

Fluoridated dentifrices are considered as an effective method for preventing dental caries. Nano-... more Fluoridated dentifrices are considered as an effective method for preventing dental caries. Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals which have remineralizing potential can be combined with herbs with antimicrobial activity and used as a dentifrice without any risks like cytotoxicity and adverse effects. Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals are formulated by wet chemical precipitation method and tested using X-ray diffractometer. An herbal dentifrice is formulated from extract of Salvadora persica to which Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals are added. A 3x3mm wide window has been created in 14 extracted first premolars which are then processed through a pH cycling for 7 days. The depth of the lesion is assessed using a confocal microscope. The difference in mean depth of the lesion between test dentifrice (Herbal dentifrice with Hydroxyapatite) (240.33.± 23.47) and fluoride dentifrice (272.75±29.38) was found to be statistically significant. Herbal dentifrice with Hydroxyapatite group mean depth of the lesio...

Clinical Oral Investigations, 2021

Smoked, and especially smokeless, tobaccos are major causes of oral cancer globally. Here, we exa... more Smoked, and especially smokeless, tobaccos are major causes of oral cancer globally. Here, we examine the oral bacteriome of smokers and of smokeless tobacco users, in comparison to healthy controls, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Oral swab samples were collected from smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and healthy controls (n = 44). Microbial DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene profiled using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing reads were processed using DADA2, and taxonomical classification was performed using the phylogenetic placement method. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using DESeq2, while functional metagenomes based on KEGG orthology abundance were inferred using LIMMA.A significantly higher microbial diversity was observed in smokeless tobacco users and smokers relative to controls (P < 0.05). Compositional differences in microbial communities were observed in all comparisons with healthy controls (PERMANOVA P < 0.05) but not between smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Levels of Fusobacterium spp., Saccharibacterium spp., and members of Shuttleworthia were elevated in smokers when compared to controls (BH adj P < 0.01). In addition, the relative abundance of three bacterial taxa belonging to genera Fusobacterium spp., Catonella, and Fretibacterium spp. was significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users relative to controls (BH adj P < 0.01). Major functional pathways significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users relative to both controls, and smokers were similar and involved amino acid metabolism including glutamate and aspartate biosynthesis and degradation (log FC > 1.5; BH adj P < 0.01).A distinct taxonomic and functional profile of oral microbiome in smokers and smokeless tobacco users as compared to healthy controls implicates a significant role of microbes and their metabolites in diseases associated with tobacco use including oral cancer.Future efforts in preventive, diagnostic, curative, and prognostic strategies for diseases associated with tobacco use in smokers and smokeless tobacco users could incorporate the oral microbiome.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Introduction: Antibiotics are routinely used in dental practice to treat microbial diseases. Howe... more Introduction: Antibiotics are routinely used in dental practice to treat microbial diseases. However, the spread of drug resistant pathogens has drawn researchers’ interest to find out new antimicrobial agents against oral microbial diseases. Aim: To compare the anti-microbial activity of clove oil, cinnamon oil, turmeric oil, nutmeg oil, and peppermint oil against oral pathogens. Materials and Methods: It was an in-vitro study. The organisms used in this study were Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Agar Well Diffusion Method was used to assess the anti-microbial efficacy of the five essential oils against oral pathogens. Five discs/concentration/microorganism were used in the study. The zone of inhibition was measured after incubation. Kruskal Wallis Test was used to compare the difference in the anti-microbial activity of the oils. Results: The mean zone of inhibition of clove oil against Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faec...

Aim: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of the patients of a private ho... more Aim: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of the patients of a private hospital. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire incorporating items related to oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was distributed to 150 patients visiting the hospital. Results: Only 100 completely filled questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The study population consisted of 44% males and 56% females. The females consult the dentist immediately when they experience pain in tooth, tooth decay, or bleeding of gums. More than 50% of males and females are aware of the cause and prevention of decay, gum disease and malocclusion. 46.1% males and 4% females have the habit of smoking and are not aware of the adverse effects. Majority of the patients use soft bristles for brushing and less than 50% females use fluoridated toothpaste. Conclusion: Oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices arefound to be satisfactory,but still dental health education may be imparted.

Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of humankind. Dental caries development is consi... more Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of humankind. Dental caries development is considered to involve a triad of indispensable factors that can be concluded as bacteria in dental plaque, carbohydrates in the diet, and susceptible teeth. Saliva composition is an important factor in determining the prevalence of caries. For relative protection against dental cavities, salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, calcium, phosphate, and fluoride concentrations are essentials. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the existing literature on the evaluation of salivary flow rate, pH, calcium, total protein, buffering capacity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level among caries-active and caries-free adolescence. Search strategy: The Data Bases of PubMed and Google Scholar were used. Selection criteria: A cross-sectional study evaluating salivary flow rate, pH, calcium, total protein, buffering capacity, and TAC among caries-free and caries-active adolescence was select...

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2020

Introduction: Pit and fissures are more prone to caries as compared to smooth surfaces. Sealing t... more Introduction: Pit and fissures are more prone to caries as compared to smooth surfaces. Sealing the pit and fissures with sealants is considered to be highly effective in the prevention of pit and fissure caries. Hydrophobic sealants are technique sensitive in nature. Ultraseal XT Hydro sealant is moisture tolerant which incorporates the benefits of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sealants into one unique chemistry. Hence, the study was conducted to compare and evaluate the retention, cariostatic effect, and discoloration of conventional Clinpro™ 3M™ ESPE™ and hydrophilic Ultraseal XT Hydro sealants among 12-15-year-old schoolchildren for 6 months. Materials and methods: It was a single-blinded, randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Schoolchildren aged 12-15 years were recruited in this clinical trial. Clinpro sealant and Ultraseal XT Hydro were placed in the right and left quadrant molars, respectively, and were assigned as group I and II. The sample size arrived was 60 teeth per group and at 30 patients based on the computer-generated random sequence. Sealant coverage between the two sealants was compared using Mann-Whitney test and Z test for proportions. Results: After 6 months, it was seen that 10 teeth out of 44 (22.72%) with Clinpro had the sealant covering all the fissures compared to Ultraseal XT Hydro which was only 9%. Fifty-nine percent of retention rate was seen with Clinpro compared to Ultraseal XT Hydro sealant (27.27%). Caries incidence was higher in the case of group II. No difference was observed with regard to the discoloration of the sealants. Conclusion: It was concluded that for a longer follow-up period conventional Clinpro™ 3M™ ESPE™ was better than Ultra XT Hydro seal in terms of retention and cariostatic effect.

Bioinformation, 2020

It is of interest to document the The Oral Health heigene data among the paliyan and pulayan trib... more It is of interest to document the The Oral Health heigene data among the paliyan and pulayan tribes in India. The Paliyan and Pulayan tribes inhabit a narrow strip of Western Ghats in the hilly regions of Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Tirunelveli and Virudhunagar districts of Tamil Nadu. Subjects aged 5yrs and above are used in this study. The WHO assessment form was used to assess the oral health status. Results show that 589 (58%) ignored the oral health problems, 225 (22.2%) relied on self-medications, 142 (14%) consulted a general physician, 35 (3.5%) had visited a dentist and the remaining 23 (2.3%) were dependent upon over the counter medications from a pharmacy. Thus, the prosthetic need was highest among the 55 + yrs age group, 36 (48.6%) required maxillary prosthesis and 21 (28.4%) required mandibular prosthesis.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020

Silica based nanoparticles are used in various fields of medical sciences to diagnose, control di... more Silica based nanoparticles are used in various fields of medical sciences to diagnose, control disease, for genetic disorders, owing to their size, surface area, biocompatibility and low toxicity. In dentistry, silica nanoparticles have been used as dental filler, teeth whitening agent but limited evidence is there regarding antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the anti-bacterial activity of mouthwash incorporated with silica nanoparticles against oral pathogens. Tetraethoxysilane, ammonium hydroxide, absolute ethanol were used and centrifuged to obtain the silica nanoparticle pellet. XRD analysis was done to confirm the characterization of the thus obtained silica nanoparticle. The mouthwash was prepared with the synthesized silica nanoparticle as the main constituent. Agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus and E. faecalis. The XRD analysis confirmed the amo...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017

Fluoride in drinking water plays a vital role in dental health. Due to excessive fluoride in wate... more Fluoride in drinking water plays a vital role in dental health. Due to excessive fluoride in water, enamel loses its luster. At lower concentration, it guards our teeth against cavities but at higher concentrations imparts fluorosis in varying concentrations. Excess fluoride in drinking water is reported from more than 35 countries around the globe with India and China. In countries like India, the severe contamination of drinking water with excess fluoride acquired the dimensions of a social economic rather than a public health problem triggering defluoridation research.

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2014

Fluoride contamination of groundwater is a growing problem in many parts of the world. The presen... more Fluoride contamination of groundwater is a growing problem in many parts of the world. The present study is an attempt to assess fluoride concentration of groundwater in parts of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. It was found that fluoride concentration ranged from 0.05-1.04 mg/L. If residents consume non potable high fluoride water they may suffer from yellow, mottled teethdental fluorosis Therefore, it is essential to evolve regulations designated to improve the health and safety of the human and natural environment in the study area.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020

Background and Aim: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of death which causes death of six mil... more Background and Aim: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of death which causes death of six millions each year worldwide. One of the most effective methods of preventing this are tobacco counseling sessions as it provides a platform for the patient and the dental professionals to map out a plan for the patient to lead a tobacco free life. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess nicotine dependence, cotinine level and carbon monoxide levels among tobacco users employed in private automobile companies in Chennai. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Subject and Methods: A cross sectional study of 53 males was conducted among automobile company employees, using simple random sampling technique in Chennai, India. A detailed questionnaire assessing their demographic data, pattern of usage of tobacco, Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependence was recorded, carbon monoxide levels were recorded using Smokerlyzer, and presence of urine cotinine was recorded. Descriptive statistics and C...

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

Diabetes mellitus is the second most common non-communicable disease in India. There are various ... more Diabetes mellitus is the second most common non-communicable disease in India. There are various diseases of the oral cavity resulting as a complication of diabetes. This underlying systemic disease could affect the prognosis of any dental treatment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of various types of oral lesions associated with diabetes. A total of 343 diabetic patients visiting the dental hospital in Chennai over a period of one year (1 June 2019 to 1 June 2020) were selected for the study. Detailed case history and clinical examination were carried out under visible light. The study population was age 30 years and above. Data collected were analysed using SPSS software and the results were recorded. The majority of the diabetic patients were males, aged 61-75 years. Dental caries was the most common oral disease, followed by pulpitis and periodontitis. The premalignant lesions like Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis, Lichen Planus and Leukoplakia were also found. It w...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2021

BACKGROUND Tobacco addiction has emerged as a major public health issue resulting in enormous dis... more BACKGROUND Tobacco addiction has emerged as a major public health issue resulting in enormous disability, disease, and death and also acquired the dimension of an epidemic. More people die as a result of the worldwide tobacco epidemic than from tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and malaria combined. India is the second largest consumer of tobacco globally. It is estimated that five million preventable deaths occur every year globally. The trend of consumption of cigarettes is mostly seen among the young adult and adult population. Therefore, this study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and pattern of smoking among company and factory employees in Chennai. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among 102 automobile company employees in Chennai, where a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics, chi square test, Pearson correlation test were used to analyse the data. RESULT...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019

Objective: In recent years, the side effects encountered with the use of chemicals has led to the... more Objective: In recent years, the side effects encountered with the use of chemicals has led to the search for safe anticariogenic alternatives. Green tea is one such naturally occurring alternative which possesses anticariogenic activity through a direct bactericidal effect against cariogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze the existing literature on the effectiveness of green tea extract containing formulations on dental caries. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Metapress, and Google Scholar were searched up to July 2015 for the related topic. References of the selected articles and relevant reviews were searched for any missed publications. Results: The systematic search revealed a total of 437 publications which were scrutinized based on eligibility criteria. Six publications fulfilled the criteria and 431 publications were excluded from the review. Out of six studies, three studies reported a statisticall...

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2011

Aim: To determine the periodontal status and treatment needs among dental fluorosis subjects resi... more Aim: To determine the periodontal status and treatment needs among dental fluorosis subjects residing in Ennore, Chennai, using Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Materials and Methods: All the subjects with dental fluorosis above 15 years of age, permanent residents of Ennore, were included in the study. Subjects with known systemic diseases and subjects with other intrinsic dental stains were excluded from the study. Periodontal status was estimated using CPITN and Dental fluorosis was recorded using Dean's Dental Fluorosis Index. Results: The total number of study subjects was 1075, of which 489 were males and 586 were females. Males were predominantly affected with periodontal disease than females. This was found to be statistically significant (P=0.000). The association between Degree of Fluorosis and Periodontal Status is statistically significant (P=0.000). There was statistically significant difference in mean number of sextants between the degree of fluorosis in each of the periodontal status (P=0.000). Conclusion: The finding that the lower prevalence of shallow pockets in the study area, where the fluoride level in the drinking water ranges from 1.83 to 2.01 ppm, indicates that the use of fluoride in water is beneficial to the periodontal tissues.