P. Timoney - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by P. Timoney

Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2011

Imidocarb [N,N'-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]urea, C 19 H 20 N 6 O 1 , m.w. 348.41]... more Imidocarb [N,N'-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]urea, C 19 H 20 N 6 O 1 , m.w. 348.41] is a symmetrical carbanilide derivative used to treat disease caused by protozoans of the Babesia genus. Imidocarb, however, is also considered capable of suppressing Babesia-specific immune responses, allowing Babesia-positive horses to pass a complement fixation test (CFT) without eliminating the infection. This scenario could enable Babesiainfected horses to pass CFT-based importation tests. It is imperative to unequivocally identify and quantify equine tissue residues of imidocarb by mass spectrometry to address this issue. As a pretext to development of sensitive tissue assays, we have investigated possibilities of mass spectrometric (MS) detection of imidocarb. Our analyses disclosed that an unequivocal mass spectral analysis of imidocarb is challenging because of its rapid fragmentation under standard gas chromatography (GC)-MS conditions. In contrast, solution chemistry of imidocarb is more stable but involves distribution into mono-and dicationic species, m/z 349 and 175, respectively, in acid owing to the compound's inherent symmetrical nature. Dicationic imidocarb was the preferred complex as viewed by either direct infusion-electrospray-MS or by liquid chromatography (LC)-MS. Dicationic imidocarb multiple reaction monitoring (MRM: m/z 175 → → 162, 145, and 188) therefore offer the greatest opportunities for sensitive detection and LC-MS is more likely than GC-MS to yield a useful quantitative forensic analytical method for detecting imidocarb in horses.

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, 2006

Veterinary Pathology, 1991

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1996

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2001

Three bacterial isolates that were phenotypically indistinguishable from Taylorella equigenitalis... more Three bacterial isolates that were phenotypically indistinguishable from Taylorella equigenitalis were obtained from the urethral fossae of three male donkeys (Equus asinus), one located in the state of California and the other two in the state of Kentucky, USA. Based on results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the isolate from California differed from the two Kentucky isolates, which were the same. Mares bred artificially (California) or naturally (Kentucky) did not show signs of disease, even though infection with the organism was established in those bred naturally. Mares and, uncharacteristically, all three jacks produced antibodies that reacted in the complement fixation test utilized to identify mares recently infected with T. equigenitalis. Sequence analysis of DNA encoding the 16S rRNA revealed that the gene sequences of these isolates were virtually identical to each other (S 998 % similarity), but different (976 % similarity) from those of several confirmed isolates of T. equigenitalis. The 16S rDNA sequences of the latter were 100 % identical. DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed a mean hybridization level of 89 % between the donkey isolate from California and the donkey isolate from Kentucky. On the other hand, the mean DNA-DNA hybridization level from the donkey isolates with DNA from a strain of T. equigenitalis was 23 %. The DNA GMC composition was 378 mol % for the two donkey isolates, as well as the strain of T. equigenitalis used in the hybridization studies. These data support our opinion that microorganisms isolated from the male donkeys are different from T. equigenitalis and it is proposed that they be considered a new species within the genus Taylorella and named Taylorella asinigenitalis sp. nov. The type strain is strain UCD-1 T (l ATCC 700933 T l LMG 19572 T).

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2013

The objective of the present study was to validate a previously described competitive enzyme-link... more The objective of the present study was to validate a previously described competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) to detect antibody to Equine arteritis virus (EAV) based on GP5-specific nonneutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 17B7 9 using the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-recommended protocol, which includes the following 5 in-house analyses. 1) The assay was calibrated with the OIE-designated reference serum panel for EAV; 2) repeatability was evaluated within and between assay runs; 3) analytical specificity was evaluated using sera specific to related viruses; 4) analytical sensitivity was evaluated with sera from horses vaccinated with an EAV modified live virus (MLV) vaccine; and 5) the duration of cELISA antibody detection following EAV vaccination was determined. The positive cELISA cutoff of ≥35% inhibition (%I) was confirmed by receiver operating characteristic plot analysis. Analytical sensitivity of the cELISA was comparable to the serum neutralization (SN) assay in that it detected EAV-specific antibody as early as 8 days postvaccination. The duration of EAV-specific antibody detected by cELISA was over 5 years after the last vaccination. This cELISA could detect EAV-specific antibody in serum samples collected from horses infected with various EAV strains. In the field trial performed by American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians-accredited state laboratories and OIE laboratory, the diagnostic specificity of the cELISA was 99.5% and the diagnostic sensitivity was 98.2%. The data using various serum panels also had consistently significant positive correlation between SN titers and cELISA %I results. The results further confirm that the EAV antibody cELISA is a reliable, simple alternative to the SN assay for detecting EAVspecific antibodies in equine sera.

Irish Veterinary Journal, 2010

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE

The 'high health, high performance' (HHP) horse concept has been developed by the World Organisat... more The 'high health, high performance' (HHP) horse concept has been developed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) together with the Fédération Equestre Internationale and the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities. This concept is outlined in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code (Chapter 4.16). It aims to address impediments to the international movement of competition horses through a harmonised, practically feasible, globally applicable framework based on simplified certification requirements for the temporary importation of HHP horses and for their return to their country of usual residence. Based on the principle of compartmentalisation, the high health status of these horses would be established by the application, at all times, of stringent health management practices and biosecurity measures to Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 34 (3) 2 No. 09122015-00077-EN 2/26 create and maintain a functional separation between horses within the defined compartment and all other equids. These provisions are intended to mitigate the risk of disease spread for most OIE-listed diseases. For six OIE-listed diseases (African horse sickness, equine influenza, equine infectious anaemia, equine piroplasmosis, glanders and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis), the OIE recommends diseasespecific mitigation measures, which have been included in a model HHP Veterinary Certificate, to provide additional guarantees to mitigate the risk of disease spread. This article presents the HHP disease risk mitigation strategy. It demonstrates how continuous observance of the HHP biosecurity measures and health management practices provides a scientific rationale for limiting the list of diseases for which HHP horses should be screened with respect to their temporary importation for competition purposes.

Equine veterinary journal, Jan 28, 2015

An analysis of the factors leading to equine disease events was used to support the development o... more An analysis of the factors leading to equine disease events was used to support the development of international recommendations for mitigating the risk of disease dissemination through sport horse movements (high health, high performance -"HHP" horses). A systematic review was undertaken to identify the factors resulting in equine disease events following international movement of horses to draw lessons in support of the development of international recommendations for the safe movements of a specific subpopulation of horses: the HHP sport horses. The review covered disease events that occurred from 1995 to 2014, identified from the databases of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and international surveillance reports. Overall, 54 disease events were identified, of which 7 were contained in post-arrival quarantine and the others resulted in the introduction of pathogens into importing countries. For 81% of the introductions, the OIE recommendations applicable ...

Equine Veterinary Education, 2007

The Veterinary record, Jan 16, 1978

The Veterinary record, Jan 9, 1979

The Veterinary record, Jan 24, 1979

The Veterinary record, Jan 27, 1979

Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 1997

To provide a convenient and sensitive method for the detection of equine arteritis virus (EAV)-sp... more To provide a convenient and sensitive method for the detection of equine arteritis virus (EAV)-specific serum antibodies, we developed an immunoblot assay employing the EAV nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins expressed in a procaryotic expression vector (pMAL-c2) for the production of recombinant maltose-binding (MBP) fusion proteins (MBP-N and MBP-M). The antigenic reactivity of the recombinant fusion proteins and their Xa factor cleavage EAV products was confirmed by immunoblot using horse antisera to EAV. Some horse sera, however, showed immune reactivity to the MBP fusion partner protein. Based on a total of 32 horse sera analyzed for the presence of EAV antibodies by immunoblot, using the MBP-N or -M fusion proteins and the Xa factor cleavage EAV products, and in the serum neutralization test, there was 100% concordance between the assays. Sera from horses experimentally infected with EAV were reactive in the immunoblot test with both the MBP-N and the MBP-M fusion prote...

Research in veterinary science, 1980

The usefulness of the double immunodiffusion test for the diagnosis of louping ill infection was ... more The usefulness of the double immunodiffusion test for the diagnosis of louping ill infection was investigated. Whereas louping ill viral antigen was not detected in brain material from field cases of the infection, its presence was readily confirmed in suckling mouse brain isolates of the virus. The double immunodiffusion test was found to be unreliable as a serological test for the retrospective diagnosis of louping ill infection in the horse.

The Veterinary record, 1971