Patrizia Vaccino - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Patrizia Vaccino
Sementi Elette, 1998
Go to AGRIS search. Sementi Elette (May-Aug 1998). The new varieties of bread wheat - triticum du... more Go to AGRIS search. Sementi Elette (May-Aug 1998). The new varieties of bread wheat - triticum durun and barley registered in the Italian national catalogue in the year 1997 [variety trials]. ...
European Journal of Agronomy, 1995
Abstract The effects on bread-making quality of crop rotation, fertilizers and manure treatments ... more Abstract The effects on bread-making quality of crop rotation, fertilizers and manure treatments were evaluated in a long term experiment in which the combinations of organic manure, mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied to three crop rotations for a total of 33 different treatments. Protein concentration evaluated for 12 years varied from 10.0 per cent to 12.8 per cent with years and from 10.70 per cent to 13.21 per cent among treatments. The highest grain yields were obtained in the two-year (wheat-maize) or nine-year (wheat-maizelucerne) rotations, coupled with a great variability for quality, as evaluated with the Chopin alveograph. Potassium fertilizer did not affect yield or quality, while positive effects of phosphorus were evident only after continuous cropping with wheat. When wheat was grown continuously, the application of nitrogen fertilizer gave grain of optimum quality but, even in combination with the highest rate of manure, did not raise the yield to the levels achieved by the 2 or 9 year rotations. In the wheat-maize rotation, maximum yield and quality was achieved with the highest rate of fertilizers even in the absence of manure. In the rotation that included lucerne, maximum yield was obtained with the lowest rate of fertilizers but, to optimize the quality, it appeared necessary to apply the highest rate of nitrogen (200 kg N ha−1).
Una attenzione crescente viene rivolta alla conservazione della biodiversita vegetale al di fuori... more Una attenzione crescente viene rivolta alla conservazione della biodiversita vegetale al di fuori degli ambienti naturali, sia per le specie di interesse agronomico, sia per la flora spontanea, anche in attuazione agli obblighi previsti dalla Convenzione sulla Diversita Biologica (Rio de Janeiro, 1992). Quest’ultima, infatti, all’articolo 9 “Conservazione ex situ” indica una serie di misure da adottare per il recupero, la ricostituzione e la reintroduzione di specie minacciate a completamento delle strategie di conservazione in situ. Inoltre, il quarto report dell’Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) indica la conservazione ex situ tra le principali azioni di adattamento degli ecosistemi ai cambiamenti climatici in corso. La conservazione in situ (aree di origine) e quella on farm (nelle aree di coltivazione) sono prioritarie, ma quella ex situ (banche genetiche, collezioni, orti botanici, ecc.) si rende indispensabile in quei casi, e sono tanti, in cui le prime due, per motivi diversi, sono difficili da realizzare. Attualmente, infatti, le molteplici pressioni che agiscono sugli habitat possono in alcuni casi minacciare la sopravvivenza di una o piu specie o l’integrita e la funzionalita di interi ecosistemi, tanto da rendere difficile attuare strategie di conservazione in situ. In questi casi, solo le tecniche ex situ possono garantire la conservazione della variabilita genetica del germoplasma (semi, polline, parti di pianta, spore, ecc.) e quindi la rigenerazione, riproduzione e/o moltiplicazione delle specie da conservare. La conservazione ex situ ha inoltre un ruolo indispensabile per la ricerca e il miglioramento genetico al fine di promuovere un utilizzo sostenibile del germoplasma disponibile.Solo pochi anni fa, nel 2004, la maggior parte dei Paesi del mondo ha ratificato il Trattato Internazionale della FAO sulle risorse fitogenetiche per l’alimentazione e l’agricoltura che, inter alia, considera la conservazione ex situ come uno dei pilastri essenziali per assicurare a lungo termine la sostenibilita e la sicurezza alimentare e ambientale.
Plants
Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the main rice diseases worldwide. The pyramid... more Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the main rice diseases worldwide. The pyramiding of blast-resistance (Pi) genes, coupled to Marker-Assisted BackCrossing (MABC), provides broad-spectrum and potentially durable resistance while limiting the donor genome in the background of an elite cultivar. In this work, MABC coupled to foreground and background selections based on KASP marker assays has been applied to introgress four Pi genes (Piz, Pib, Pita, and Pik) in a renowned japonica Italian rice variety, highly susceptible to blast. Molecular analyses on the backcross (BC) lines highlighted the presence of an additional blast-resistance gene, the Pita-linked Pita2/Ptr gene, therefore increasing the number of blast-resistance introgressed genes to five. The recurrent genome was recovered up to 95.65%. Several lines carrying four (including Pita2) Pi genes with high recovery percentage levels were also obtained. Phenotypic evaluations confirmed the effectiveness of the py...
The Gluten Proteins, 2007
The Gluten Proteins, 2007
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005
b Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Unità di ricerca per... more b Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Unità di ricerca per la selezione dei cereali e la valorizzazione delle varietà vegetali (CREA-ZA), S. Angelo Lodigiano, Italy c current address: Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria,
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020
The rising atmospheric CO 2, concentration is expected to exert a strong impact on crop productio... more The rising atmospheric CO 2, concentration is expected to exert a strong impact on crop production, enhancing crop growth but threatening food security and safety. An improver wheat, a hybrid, and its parents were grown at elevated CO 2, e[CO 2 ] in open field, and their yield and rheological, nutritional, and sanitary quality were assessed. For all cultivars, grain yield increased (+16%) and protein content decreased (−7%), accompanied by a reduction in dough strength. Grain nitrogen yield increased (+24%) only in ordinary bread making cultivars. e[CO 2 ] did not result in significant changes in phenolic acid content and composition, whereas it produced a significant increase in the deoxynivalenol content. Different responses to e[CO 2 ] between cultivars were found for yield parameters, while the effect on qualitative traits was quite similar. In the upcoming wheat cropping systems, agronomic practices and cultivar selection suited to guarantee higher nitrogen responsiveness and minimization of sanitary risk are required.
... Basilio Borghi1,2 1Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Sezione di S. Angelo Lodigian... more ... Basilio Borghi1,2 1Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Sezione di S. Angelo Lodigiano, via Mulino 3, 26866 S. Angelo Lodigiano (LO), Italy; 2Present address: Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige, via Mach ... Costantino Mara/Libellula//B70366 ITA TC PH (2.0); SV (3.4 ...
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1995
Two biotypes of the bread-wheat cultivar Alpe were shown to possess contrasting alleles at each o... more Two biotypes of the bread-wheat cultivar Alpe were shown to possess contrasting alleles at each of the glutenin (Glu-B1, Glu-D1, Glu-B3 and GIu-D3) and gliadin (Gli-B1 and Gli-D1) loci on chromosomes 1B and 1D. Fourteen near-isogenic lines (NILs) were produced by crossing these biotypes and used to determine the genetic control of both low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits and gliadins by means of one-dimensional or twodimensional electrophoresis. Genes coding for the B, C and D groups of LMW subunits were found to be inherited in clusters tightly linked with those controlling gliadins. Southern-blot analysis of total genomic DNAs hybridized to a ),-gliadin-specific cDNA clone revealed that seven NILs lack both the Gli-D1 and GIu-D3 loci on chromosome 1D. Segregation data indicated that these "null" alleles are normally inherited. Comparison of the "null" NILs with those possessing allele b at the Glu-D3 locus showed one B subunit, seven C subunits and two D subunits, as fractionated by two-dimensional A-PAGExSDS-PAGE, to be encoded by this allele. Alleles b and k at Glu-B3 were found to code for two C subunits plus eight and six B subunits respectively, whereas alleles b and k at GIi-B1 each controlled the synthesis of two/~-gliadins, one ~-and two co-gliadins. The novel GIi-B5 locus coding for two co-gliadins was shown to recombine with the Gli-B1 locus on chromosome lB. The two-dimensional map of glutenin subunits showed g-gliadins encoded at the GIi-A2 locus on chromosome 6A. The use of Alpe NILs in the study of the individual and combined effects of glutenin subunits on dough properties is discussed.
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006
Sunn pest (or cereal bug) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae) infestations of wheat, Tr... more Sunn pest (or cereal bug) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae) infestations of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in the grain filling stage have the potential to adversely affect the quality of harvested grain for bread making. In the absence of resistant wheat cultivars, producers must rely on chemical control to protect their crop from sunn pest infestations. To implement an efficient environment friendly control strategy, there is a need to pinpoint the relationships between the timing of the bug attack and gluten degradation. Recent outbreaks of Eurygaster maura (L.) in northwestern Italy have increased the local concern toward this problem. A 3-yr study was carried out by caging plants of two bread wheat cultivars, characterized by different seed texture and bread-making quality, and introducing adults of E. maura in four periods corresponding to different grain filling stages: heading, early milk-ripe, milk-ripe, and late milk-ripe. The degree of bread-making quality depletion was assessed by analytical and biochemical methods and related to the attack period. Using analysis of variance, significant differences were found in the quality traits of kernels attacked by E. maura in different grain filling stages, the maximum damage occurring with bug feeding at the late milk-ripe stage. Biochemical investigations on gluten confirmed analytical results; in grain samples infested at the late milk-ripe stage, SDS gel electrophoresis revealed the degradation of some components of the high-molecular-weight glutenins, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed a breakdown of the first peak of the insoluble fraction, mainly containing polymeric proteins highly related to dough strength.
Sementi Elette, 1998
Go to AGRIS search. Sementi Elette (May-Aug 1998). The new varieties of bread wheat - triticum du... more Go to AGRIS search. Sementi Elette (May-Aug 1998). The new varieties of bread wheat - triticum durun and barley registered in the Italian national catalogue in the year 1997 [variety trials]. ...
European Journal of Agronomy, 1995
Abstract The effects on bread-making quality of crop rotation, fertilizers and manure treatments ... more Abstract The effects on bread-making quality of crop rotation, fertilizers and manure treatments were evaluated in a long term experiment in which the combinations of organic manure, mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied to three crop rotations for a total of 33 different treatments. Protein concentration evaluated for 12 years varied from 10.0 per cent to 12.8 per cent with years and from 10.70 per cent to 13.21 per cent among treatments. The highest grain yields were obtained in the two-year (wheat-maize) or nine-year (wheat-maizelucerne) rotations, coupled with a great variability for quality, as evaluated with the Chopin alveograph. Potassium fertilizer did not affect yield or quality, while positive effects of phosphorus were evident only after continuous cropping with wheat. When wheat was grown continuously, the application of nitrogen fertilizer gave grain of optimum quality but, even in combination with the highest rate of manure, did not raise the yield to the levels achieved by the 2 or 9 year rotations. In the wheat-maize rotation, maximum yield and quality was achieved with the highest rate of fertilizers even in the absence of manure. In the rotation that included lucerne, maximum yield was obtained with the lowest rate of fertilizers but, to optimize the quality, it appeared necessary to apply the highest rate of nitrogen (200 kg N ha−1).
Una attenzione crescente viene rivolta alla conservazione della biodiversita vegetale al di fuori... more Una attenzione crescente viene rivolta alla conservazione della biodiversita vegetale al di fuori degli ambienti naturali, sia per le specie di interesse agronomico, sia per la flora spontanea, anche in attuazione agli obblighi previsti dalla Convenzione sulla Diversita Biologica (Rio de Janeiro, 1992). Quest’ultima, infatti, all’articolo 9 “Conservazione ex situ” indica una serie di misure da adottare per il recupero, la ricostituzione e la reintroduzione di specie minacciate a completamento delle strategie di conservazione in situ. Inoltre, il quarto report dell’Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) indica la conservazione ex situ tra le principali azioni di adattamento degli ecosistemi ai cambiamenti climatici in corso. La conservazione in situ (aree di origine) e quella on farm (nelle aree di coltivazione) sono prioritarie, ma quella ex situ (banche genetiche, collezioni, orti botanici, ecc.) si rende indispensabile in quei casi, e sono tanti, in cui le prime due, per motivi diversi, sono difficili da realizzare. Attualmente, infatti, le molteplici pressioni che agiscono sugli habitat possono in alcuni casi minacciare la sopravvivenza di una o piu specie o l’integrita e la funzionalita di interi ecosistemi, tanto da rendere difficile attuare strategie di conservazione in situ. In questi casi, solo le tecniche ex situ possono garantire la conservazione della variabilita genetica del germoplasma (semi, polline, parti di pianta, spore, ecc.) e quindi la rigenerazione, riproduzione e/o moltiplicazione delle specie da conservare. La conservazione ex situ ha inoltre un ruolo indispensabile per la ricerca e il miglioramento genetico al fine di promuovere un utilizzo sostenibile del germoplasma disponibile.Solo pochi anni fa, nel 2004, la maggior parte dei Paesi del mondo ha ratificato il Trattato Internazionale della FAO sulle risorse fitogenetiche per l’alimentazione e l’agricoltura che, inter alia, considera la conservazione ex situ come uno dei pilastri essenziali per assicurare a lungo termine la sostenibilita e la sicurezza alimentare e ambientale.
Plants
Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the main rice diseases worldwide. The pyramid... more Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the main rice diseases worldwide. The pyramiding of blast-resistance (Pi) genes, coupled to Marker-Assisted BackCrossing (MABC), provides broad-spectrum and potentially durable resistance while limiting the donor genome in the background of an elite cultivar. In this work, MABC coupled to foreground and background selections based on KASP marker assays has been applied to introgress four Pi genes (Piz, Pib, Pita, and Pik) in a renowned japonica Italian rice variety, highly susceptible to blast. Molecular analyses on the backcross (BC) lines highlighted the presence of an additional blast-resistance gene, the Pita-linked Pita2/Ptr gene, therefore increasing the number of blast-resistance introgressed genes to five. The recurrent genome was recovered up to 95.65%. Several lines carrying four (including Pita2) Pi genes with high recovery percentage levels were also obtained. Phenotypic evaluations confirmed the effectiveness of the py...
The Gluten Proteins, 2007
The Gluten Proteins, 2007
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005
b Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Unità di ricerca per... more b Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Unità di ricerca per la selezione dei cereali e la valorizzazione delle varietà vegetali (CREA-ZA), S. Angelo Lodigiano, Italy c current address: Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria,
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020
The rising atmospheric CO 2, concentration is expected to exert a strong impact on crop productio... more The rising atmospheric CO 2, concentration is expected to exert a strong impact on crop production, enhancing crop growth but threatening food security and safety. An improver wheat, a hybrid, and its parents were grown at elevated CO 2, e[CO 2 ] in open field, and their yield and rheological, nutritional, and sanitary quality were assessed. For all cultivars, grain yield increased (+16%) and protein content decreased (−7%), accompanied by a reduction in dough strength. Grain nitrogen yield increased (+24%) only in ordinary bread making cultivars. e[CO 2 ] did not result in significant changes in phenolic acid content and composition, whereas it produced a significant increase in the deoxynivalenol content. Different responses to e[CO 2 ] between cultivars were found for yield parameters, while the effect on qualitative traits was quite similar. In the upcoming wheat cropping systems, agronomic practices and cultivar selection suited to guarantee higher nitrogen responsiveness and minimization of sanitary risk are required.
... Basilio Borghi1,2 1Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Sezione di S. Angelo Lodigian... more ... Basilio Borghi1,2 1Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Sezione di S. Angelo Lodigiano, via Mulino 3, 26866 S. Angelo Lodigiano (LO), Italy; 2Present address: Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige, via Mach ... Costantino Mara/Libellula//B70366 ITA TC PH (2.0); SV (3.4 ...
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1995
Two biotypes of the bread-wheat cultivar Alpe were shown to possess contrasting alleles at each o... more Two biotypes of the bread-wheat cultivar Alpe were shown to possess contrasting alleles at each of the glutenin (Glu-B1, Glu-D1, Glu-B3 and GIu-D3) and gliadin (Gli-B1 and Gli-D1) loci on chromosomes 1B and 1D. Fourteen near-isogenic lines (NILs) were produced by crossing these biotypes and used to determine the genetic control of both low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits and gliadins by means of one-dimensional or twodimensional electrophoresis. Genes coding for the B, C and D groups of LMW subunits were found to be inherited in clusters tightly linked with those controlling gliadins. Southern-blot analysis of total genomic DNAs hybridized to a ),-gliadin-specific cDNA clone revealed that seven NILs lack both the Gli-D1 and GIu-D3 loci on chromosome 1D. Segregation data indicated that these "null" alleles are normally inherited. Comparison of the "null" NILs with those possessing allele b at the Glu-D3 locus showed one B subunit, seven C subunits and two D subunits, as fractionated by two-dimensional A-PAGExSDS-PAGE, to be encoded by this allele. Alleles b and k at Glu-B3 were found to code for two C subunits plus eight and six B subunits respectively, whereas alleles b and k at GIi-B1 each controlled the synthesis of two/~-gliadins, one ~-and two co-gliadins. The novel GIi-B5 locus coding for two co-gliadins was shown to recombine with the Gli-B1 locus on chromosome lB. The two-dimensional map of glutenin subunits showed g-gliadins encoded at the GIi-A2 locus on chromosome 6A. The use of Alpe NILs in the study of the individual and combined effects of glutenin subunits on dough properties is discussed.
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006
Sunn pest (or cereal bug) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae) infestations of wheat, Tr... more Sunn pest (or cereal bug) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae) infestations of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in the grain filling stage have the potential to adversely affect the quality of harvested grain for bread making. In the absence of resistant wheat cultivars, producers must rely on chemical control to protect their crop from sunn pest infestations. To implement an efficient environment friendly control strategy, there is a need to pinpoint the relationships between the timing of the bug attack and gluten degradation. Recent outbreaks of Eurygaster maura (L.) in northwestern Italy have increased the local concern toward this problem. A 3-yr study was carried out by caging plants of two bread wheat cultivars, characterized by different seed texture and bread-making quality, and introducing adults of E. maura in four periods corresponding to different grain filling stages: heading, early milk-ripe, milk-ripe, and late milk-ripe. The degree of bread-making quality depletion was assessed by analytical and biochemical methods and related to the attack period. Using analysis of variance, significant differences were found in the quality traits of kernels attacked by E. maura in different grain filling stages, the maximum damage occurring with bug feeding at the late milk-ripe stage. Biochemical investigations on gluten confirmed analytical results; in grain samples infested at the late milk-ripe stage, SDS gel electrophoresis revealed the degradation of some components of the high-molecular-weight glutenins, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed a breakdown of the first peak of the insoluble fraction, mainly containing polymeric proteins highly related to dough strength.