Paco Noriega - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Paco Noriega

Cosmetics, 2020

External factors such as prolonged exposure to solar radiation and environmental pollution accele... more External factors such as prolonged exposure to solar radiation and environmental pollution accelerate the aging process of the skin, and this process is a challenge for pharmacological science. To counteract the effects of skin photoaging, the cosmetic industry has introduced natural topical products that have proved to be effective in reducing signs of age. In this sense, a statistical analysis was conducted on the changes in the properties of firmness and elasticity of the skin caused by cosmetic formulas (lotion and cream) elaborated with essential oils of Aristeguietia glutinosa (matico) and Ocotea quixos (ishpingo) in which the concentration of the oils in two cosmetic products (lotion and cream) varied to be tested in vivo, through the measurement of elasticity and firmness in three times T1 (0 day), T2 (28 days) and T3 (56 days), and in two age groups according to the Glogau scale (30 to 40 and 41 to 50 years). The results showed positive changes in the values of elasticity a...

From the exocarp of the edible fruit Renealmia Alpinia, a natural species from the southern Ecuad... more From the exocarp of the edible fruit Renealmia Alpinia, a natural species from the southern Ecuador Amazonia, we extract a purple dye. After an alcoholic extraction and subsequent evaporation of the solvent, we obtained a dye with a yield of 2.13%. The dye was subject of various tests to analyze their stability to different conditions such as pH, temperature and their behavior to solvents of different polarity. For preliminary chemical characterization ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectra were taken, as well as quantification of total anthocyanins and HPLC chromatographic profiles at 520 nanometers. Additionally we assessed the toxicity of the species.

La Granja, 2011

From the exocarp of the edible fruit Renealmia Alpinia, a natural species from the southern Ecuad... more From the exocarp of the edible fruit Renealmia Alpinia, a natural species from the southern Ecuador Amazonia, we extract a purple dye. After an alcoholic extraction and subsequent evaporation of the solvent, we obtained a dye with a yield of 2.13%. The dye was subject of various tests to analyze their stability to different conditions such as pH, temperature and their behavior to solvents of different polarity. For preliminary chemical characterization ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectra were taken, as well as quantification of total anthocyanins and HPLC chromatographic profiles at 520 nanometers. Additionally we assessed the toxicity of the species.

La Granja, 2008

El presente estudio analizó las concentraciones de cadmio y plomo en diecisiete sitios distribuid... more El presente estudio analizó las concentraciones de cadmio y plomo en diecisiete sitios distribuidos a lo largo y ancho de la ciudad de Quito, además de un sector en la ciudad de Sangolquí, y dos más en las parroquias de Carapungo y Calderón. La metodología utilizada es el Biomonitoreo, la cual emplea organismos vivos, en este caso briofitas (musgo), debido a que al no contar con una pared celular se facilita la absorción de los contaminantes del aire. Este musgo fue recolectado en el refugio de vida silvestre el Molinuco para asegurar niveles mínimos de contaminación y luego fue sembrado en los sitios establecidos dentro de las ciudades, permaneciendo en éstos por cincuenta días. Posteriormente, las concentraciones de contaminantes se determinaron en el laboratorio mediante un equipo de absorción atómica marca Varian, modelo spectrAA 50. Finalmente, se empleó una ecuación matemática que transforma la concentración en ppm del musgo a microgramos por metro cúbico de aire Los resultado...

La Granja, 2016

Piper pubinervulum C. DC., es una planta medicinal utilizada por los indígenas amazónicos del sur... more Piper pubinervulum C. DC., es una planta medicinal utilizada por los indígenas amazónicos del sur del Ecuador, las hojas poseen características aromáticas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es la de extraer y analizar las propiedades químicas y de actividad biológica del aceite esencial proveniente de las hojas.El estudio de composición química a través de GC-EM y RMN 1 H arrojó la detección de 44 constituyentes dentro de los cuales β cariofileno, isoeugenol-metil éter, asarona y el nerolidol fueron los mayoritarios. La Actividad antioxidante del aceite fue evaluada por los métodos DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) y la fotoquimioluminiscencia (PCL). Adicionalmente se realizaron estudios de actividad empleando (HP)TLC-DPPH bioautográficos. La actividad antimicrobiana fue evaluada por el método de difusión de disco en dos bacterias Gram+, dos bacterias Gram-y dos levaduras. Los resultados más interesantes se producen con las dos levaduras Candida tropicalis (MIC 0,77 mg/ml) y Candida albicans (MIC 0,33mg/ml) donde la actividad fue similar al aceite esencial de Thymus vulgaris el estándar natural de referencia. Los buenos resultados con respecto a la actividad antifúngica nos llevan a concluir que el aceite esencial podría ser usado con esta finalidad.

Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality

Six Amazonian petitgrain samples from C. nobilis Lour., C. auran- tium L., C. limon L. and mixtur... more Six Amazonian petitgrain samples from C. nobilis Lour., C. auran- tium L., C. limon L. and mixture of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), named CN, CA, CL1, CL2, C1 and C2, were chemically characterized by GC-MS and 13C NMR and evaluated for antioxidant acitivity (DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests), for antimicrobial properties (disk diffusion method) and for antifungal capacity (agar vapour assay). CN, C1, C2 samples evidenced the most interesting results: CN (γ- terpinene/linalool chemotype: 14.3 %/41.6 %, with a considerable amount of thymol: 9.0 %), and C1 (linalool, 18.3 %; sabinene, 11.6 %; thymol, 5.5 %), showed relevant antioxidant activity with both DPPH (IC50 = 3.52 and 5.48 mg/ml, respectively) and β-carotene (IC50 = 0.387 and 0.491 mg/ml, respectively). Antibacterial proper- ties of CN and C1 against P. mirabilis (MIC = 0.61 mg/ml for both) and B. subtilis (MIC = 0.61 and 0.44 mg/ml, respectively) were most probably due to thymol. C2 (geranial: 34.7 %, neral: 33.1 %) evidenced a v...

Natural Drugs from Plants

Mass spectrometry is one of the best techniques for analyzing the structure of a molecule. It usu... more Mass spectrometry is one of the best techniques for analyzing the structure of a molecule. It usually provides information about the molecular weight of a substance, and it can present atomic mass units and up to ten thousandths of atomic mass units depending on the accuracy of the mass analyzer. In addition, it provides information on the positive ions formed in the ionization process, which is linked to the chemical structure of the molecule and the nature of the bonds. This technique is widely used for analyzing compounds from natural products. The development of the technique combined with the use of software and databases has been remarkable in recent years, improving the ionization processes and the ion analysis. Since natural products generally constitute a mixture of a complex quantity of components, mechanisms have been developed for coupling to chromatographic techniques of various kinds. This review aims to show how mass spectrometry has contributed to the qualitative qua...

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2018

The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) coll... more The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) collected in the province of Pichincha-Ecuador was steam distilled and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine its chemical composition. The majority of the compounds identified were carvacrol acetate (42.1%), carvacrol (20.6%), pulegone (6.3%) and thymol (5.5%). Antioxidant activity was assessed by the assays of diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC 50 : 1.8 μl / ml), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) (IC 50 : 0.3 μl / ml) and β-carotene (IC 50 : 0.031 μl / ml) compared to Thymus vulgaris and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as referents. The specie also shows a promising medicinal potential exhibiting significant antibacterial activity at different concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus (2.5% v/v), Streptococcus pyogenes (0.6% v/v), Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.6% v/v) and Streptococcus mutans (0.6% v/v), suggesting an interesting natural alternative in the fight against bacteria that generate resistance to other antibiotics.

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2016

Renealmia thryrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl is a plant used by the Amazonian indigenous p... more Renealmia thryrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl is a plant used by the Amazonian indigenous people of Ecuador for its various medicinal properties. Its leaves exhibit a remarkable aroma with a hint of spiciness. The essential oil extracted from its leaves was analyzed by GM/MS, using two systems with columns of different polarity, in both was confirmed the presence of terpinolene (26.32%), α-felandrene (17.16%), γ-terpinene (6.55%), β-pinene (5.97%) and p-cymol (4.70%). Free radical scavenging activity was analyzed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) spectrophotometric methods ; by applying ABTS method , the activity was comparable to that of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris. The trials of antimicrobial activity show a strong inhibition against Gram negative bacteria as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Key words: Renealmia thryrsoidea, essential oil, DPPH, ABTS, minimum inhibit...

Terpenes and Terpenoids [Working Title]

Secondary metabolites from plant organisms have always been excellent options for the pharmaceuti... more Secondary metabolites from plant organisms have always been excellent options for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Essential oils are a type of metabolites found in vegetables, and their chemical composition is diverse; however, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are inside the most abundant molecules. These terpenes have a diverse chemical composition that range from a simple molecule with carbon and hydrogen to more complex molecules with oxygenated organic groups, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and ethers. Many of these molecules with 10 and 15 carbon atoms have an especially important biological activity, being important the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insecticide, analgesic, anticancer, cytotoxic, among others. Some of these substances are potentially toxic, and hence, they should be handled with caution, especially when they are pure. They are easily obtained by different methods, and their industrial value grows every year,...

Molecules

The chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils isolated from the leaves of Si... more The chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils isolated from the leaves of Siparuna aspera, Siparuna macrotepala, Piper leticianum, Piper augustum and the rhizome of Hedychium coronarium were evaluated. These species are used medicinally in different ways by the Amazonian communities that live near the Kutukú mountain range. Chemical studies revealed that the main components for the two Siparuna species were germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, α-pinene, δ-cadinene, δ-elemene, α-copaene and β-caryophyllene; for the two Piper species β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, α-(E,E)-farnesene, β-elemene, bicyclogermacrene, δ-cadinene and for H. coronarium 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, α-pinene and α-terpineol. The antioxidant activity of all essential oils was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), photochemiluminescence (PCL) quantitative assays, and DPPH and ABTS bioautographic profiles, with d...

Plants

This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antifungal potential of the essential oil extracted fr... more This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antifungal potential of the essential oil extracted from a species located in the Andes of Ecuador, Piper barbatum Kunth, known as “cordoncillo” or “allupa”, used by the Quichua people as an antibacterial plant for washing female genitalia in cases of infection. The most abundant molecules in the essential oil were: α- phellandrene (43.16%), limonene (7.04%); some oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as: trans-sesquisabinene hydrate (8.23%), elemol (7.21%) and others. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity showed activity in all the strains analyzed; however, those in which MIC values are considered to be very strong (less than 500 µg/mL) are: Staphylococcus aureus 264 µg/mL, Streptococcus mutans 132 µg/mL, Candida albicans 132 µg/mL and Candida tropicalis 264 µg/mL. Antimicrobial bioautography defines which molecules are responsible for the activity; thus, it was possible to establish the chromatographic regions of = 0.02 and Rf = 0.04, as tho...

JPC - Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC

La Granja

La presente es una revisión bibliográfica sobre la espectroscopia de absorción atómica de llama, ... more La presente es una revisión bibliográfica sobre la espectroscopia de absorción atómica de llama, método sensible y confiable en la determinación de metales pesados, ya que cuenta con una energía de transmisión electrónica única para cada metal. Este hecho facilita la investigación de nuevos productos cosméticos, en los cuales la determinación de plomo (Pb) es un tema de constante interés debido a su toxicidad. Es el caso de las empresas fabricantes las cuales a más de cumplir con la reglamentación exigida por la autoridad sanitaria deben plantearse requerimientos rigurosos en las buenas prácticas de fabricación, con el afán de dar al consumidor formulaciones inteligentes que embellezcan sin repercusiones sobre la salud en el tiempo, además de la información necesaria acerca de su composición. Asimismo, la autoridad sanitaria debe verificar en la etapa de post-registro las especificaciones de cumplimiento de la normativa, controlando de una mejor manera los productos cosméticos que circulan en el país.

La Granja

Using previous research of antioxidant activity oils from Mauritua flexuosa (Morete) Plukenetia v... more Using previous research of antioxidant activity oils from Mauritua flexuosa (Morete) Plukenetia volubilis (Sacha inchi) and Oenocarpus bataua (Ungurahua) formulations were made cosmetic creams and emulsions basic implementation, avoiding the use of too ingredients may interfere in what is considered "active" in the cosmetic formulation (oils with antioxidant potential). The samples were evaluated in an in vivo non-invasive, using a sample of 30 women who had a degree of photoaging. An assessment dermatology clinic and instrumental evaluation using Cutometer MPA580, equipment to visualize the changes in skin elasticity and firmness. The assessment is made at the beginning (time = 0 days) and after four weeks of using the product (time = 28 days) and the data were subjected to analysis of variance. The results of the study demonstrate that after 28 days of treatment, creams helped to improve the skin condition face, according to clinical evaluation creams were able to improve significantly the lightness and softness of the skin, and instrumental evaluation indicates that achieved an improvement in the firmness and elasticity of skin.

La Granja

Los principales componentes identificados en el aceite esencial de las hojas de Ocotea quixos (La... more Los principales componentes identificados en el aceite esencial de las hojas de Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm. son: Cariofileno 19,029%, Humuleno 14,323% y Eremofileno 11,407%, aclarándose que éstos sobresalen de un total de 62 compuestos. La técnica utilizada para la extracción del aceite fue destilación con agua y vapor de agua, empleando un destilador de 250 litros de capacidad. La cantidad de aceite obtenida fue de 3 ml por cada 10 kg de hojas frescas. El aceite fue utilizado para un experimento de evaluación de actividad antimicrobiana y antifúngica, siendo el resultado la inhibición del crecimiento de cepas de Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylcoccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Streptococos piogenes y Streptococcus mutans. Los resultados del experimento demostraron que el aceite foliar tiene una alta capacidad inhibitoria contra hongos (levaduras) y bacterias; así, se recomienda por un lado, continuar con análisis químicos más finos para determinar la naturalez...

Cosmetics, 2020

External factors such as prolonged exposure to solar radiation and environmental pollution accele... more External factors such as prolonged exposure to solar radiation and environmental pollution accelerate the aging process of the skin, and this process is a challenge for pharmacological science. To counteract the effects of skin photoaging, the cosmetic industry has introduced natural topical products that have proved to be effective in reducing signs of age. In this sense, a statistical analysis was conducted on the changes in the properties of firmness and elasticity of the skin caused by cosmetic formulas (lotion and cream) elaborated with essential oils of Aristeguietia glutinosa (matico) and Ocotea quixos (ishpingo) in which the concentration of the oils in two cosmetic products (lotion and cream) varied to be tested in vivo, through the measurement of elasticity and firmness in three times T1 (0 day), T2 (28 days) and T3 (56 days), and in two age groups according to the Glogau scale (30 to 40 and 41 to 50 years). The results showed positive changes in the values of elasticity a...

From the exocarp of the edible fruit Renealmia Alpinia, a natural species from the southern Ecuad... more From the exocarp of the edible fruit Renealmia Alpinia, a natural species from the southern Ecuador Amazonia, we extract a purple dye. After an alcoholic extraction and subsequent evaporation of the solvent, we obtained a dye with a yield of 2.13%. The dye was subject of various tests to analyze their stability to different conditions such as pH, temperature and their behavior to solvents of different polarity. For preliminary chemical characterization ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectra were taken, as well as quantification of total anthocyanins and HPLC chromatographic profiles at 520 nanometers. Additionally we assessed the toxicity of the species.

La Granja, 2011

From the exocarp of the edible fruit Renealmia Alpinia, a natural species from the southern Ecuad... more From the exocarp of the edible fruit Renealmia Alpinia, a natural species from the southern Ecuador Amazonia, we extract a purple dye. After an alcoholic extraction and subsequent evaporation of the solvent, we obtained a dye with a yield of 2.13%. The dye was subject of various tests to analyze their stability to different conditions such as pH, temperature and their behavior to solvents of different polarity. For preliminary chemical characterization ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectra were taken, as well as quantification of total anthocyanins and HPLC chromatographic profiles at 520 nanometers. Additionally we assessed the toxicity of the species.

La Granja, 2008

El presente estudio analizó las concentraciones de cadmio y plomo en diecisiete sitios distribuid... more El presente estudio analizó las concentraciones de cadmio y plomo en diecisiete sitios distribuidos a lo largo y ancho de la ciudad de Quito, además de un sector en la ciudad de Sangolquí, y dos más en las parroquias de Carapungo y Calderón. La metodología utilizada es el Biomonitoreo, la cual emplea organismos vivos, en este caso briofitas (musgo), debido a que al no contar con una pared celular se facilita la absorción de los contaminantes del aire. Este musgo fue recolectado en el refugio de vida silvestre el Molinuco para asegurar niveles mínimos de contaminación y luego fue sembrado en los sitios establecidos dentro de las ciudades, permaneciendo en éstos por cincuenta días. Posteriormente, las concentraciones de contaminantes se determinaron en el laboratorio mediante un equipo de absorción atómica marca Varian, modelo spectrAA 50. Finalmente, se empleó una ecuación matemática que transforma la concentración en ppm del musgo a microgramos por metro cúbico de aire Los resultado...

La Granja, 2016

Piper pubinervulum C. DC., es una planta medicinal utilizada por los indígenas amazónicos del sur... more Piper pubinervulum C. DC., es una planta medicinal utilizada por los indígenas amazónicos del sur del Ecuador, las hojas poseen características aromáticas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es la de extraer y analizar las propiedades químicas y de actividad biológica del aceite esencial proveniente de las hojas.El estudio de composición química a través de GC-EM y RMN 1 H arrojó la detección de 44 constituyentes dentro de los cuales β cariofileno, isoeugenol-metil éter, asarona y el nerolidol fueron los mayoritarios. La Actividad antioxidante del aceite fue evaluada por los métodos DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) y la fotoquimioluminiscencia (PCL). Adicionalmente se realizaron estudios de actividad empleando (HP)TLC-DPPH bioautográficos. La actividad antimicrobiana fue evaluada por el método de difusión de disco en dos bacterias Gram+, dos bacterias Gram-y dos levaduras. Los resultados más interesantes se producen con las dos levaduras Candida tropicalis (MIC 0,77 mg/ml) y Candida albicans (MIC 0,33mg/ml) donde la actividad fue similar al aceite esencial de Thymus vulgaris el estándar natural de referencia. Los buenos resultados con respecto a la actividad antifúngica nos llevan a concluir que el aceite esencial podría ser usado con esta finalidad.

Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality

Six Amazonian petitgrain samples from C. nobilis Lour., C. auran- tium L., C. limon L. and mixtur... more Six Amazonian petitgrain samples from C. nobilis Lour., C. auran- tium L., C. limon L. and mixture of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), named CN, CA, CL1, CL2, C1 and C2, were chemically characterized by GC-MS and 13C NMR and evaluated for antioxidant acitivity (DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests), for antimicrobial properties (disk diffusion method) and for antifungal capacity (agar vapour assay). CN, C1, C2 samples evidenced the most interesting results: CN (γ- terpinene/linalool chemotype: 14.3 %/41.6 %, with a considerable amount of thymol: 9.0 %), and C1 (linalool, 18.3 %; sabinene, 11.6 %; thymol, 5.5 %), showed relevant antioxidant activity with both DPPH (IC50 = 3.52 and 5.48 mg/ml, respectively) and β-carotene (IC50 = 0.387 and 0.491 mg/ml, respectively). Antibacterial proper- ties of CN and C1 against P. mirabilis (MIC = 0.61 mg/ml for both) and B. subtilis (MIC = 0.61 and 0.44 mg/ml, respectively) were most probably due to thymol. C2 (geranial: 34.7 %, neral: 33.1 %) evidenced a v...

Natural Drugs from Plants

Mass spectrometry is one of the best techniques for analyzing the structure of a molecule. It usu... more Mass spectrometry is one of the best techniques for analyzing the structure of a molecule. It usually provides information about the molecular weight of a substance, and it can present atomic mass units and up to ten thousandths of atomic mass units depending on the accuracy of the mass analyzer. In addition, it provides information on the positive ions formed in the ionization process, which is linked to the chemical structure of the molecule and the nature of the bonds. This technique is widely used for analyzing compounds from natural products. The development of the technique combined with the use of software and databases has been remarkable in recent years, improving the ionization processes and the ion analysis. Since natural products generally constitute a mixture of a complex quantity of components, mechanisms have been developed for coupling to chromatographic techniques of various kinds. This review aims to show how mass spectrometry has contributed to the qualitative qua...

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2018

The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) coll... more The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) collected in the province of Pichincha-Ecuador was steam distilled and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine its chemical composition. The majority of the compounds identified were carvacrol acetate (42.1%), carvacrol (20.6%), pulegone (6.3%) and thymol (5.5%). Antioxidant activity was assessed by the assays of diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC 50 : 1.8 μl / ml), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) (IC 50 : 0.3 μl / ml) and β-carotene (IC 50 : 0.031 μl / ml) compared to Thymus vulgaris and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as referents. The specie also shows a promising medicinal potential exhibiting significant antibacterial activity at different concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus (2.5% v/v), Streptococcus pyogenes (0.6% v/v), Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.6% v/v) and Streptococcus mutans (0.6% v/v), suggesting an interesting natural alternative in the fight against bacteria that generate resistance to other antibiotics.

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2016

Renealmia thryrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl is a plant used by the Amazonian indigenous p... more Renealmia thryrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl is a plant used by the Amazonian indigenous people of Ecuador for its various medicinal properties. Its leaves exhibit a remarkable aroma with a hint of spiciness. The essential oil extracted from its leaves was analyzed by GM/MS, using two systems with columns of different polarity, in both was confirmed the presence of terpinolene (26.32%), α-felandrene (17.16%), γ-terpinene (6.55%), β-pinene (5.97%) and p-cymol (4.70%). Free radical scavenging activity was analyzed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) spectrophotometric methods ; by applying ABTS method , the activity was comparable to that of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris. The trials of antimicrobial activity show a strong inhibition against Gram negative bacteria as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Key words: Renealmia thryrsoidea, essential oil, DPPH, ABTS, minimum inhibit...

Terpenes and Terpenoids [Working Title]

Secondary metabolites from plant organisms have always been excellent options for the pharmaceuti... more Secondary metabolites from plant organisms have always been excellent options for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Essential oils are a type of metabolites found in vegetables, and their chemical composition is diverse; however, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are inside the most abundant molecules. These terpenes have a diverse chemical composition that range from a simple molecule with carbon and hydrogen to more complex molecules with oxygenated organic groups, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and ethers. Many of these molecules with 10 and 15 carbon atoms have an especially important biological activity, being important the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insecticide, analgesic, anticancer, cytotoxic, among others. Some of these substances are potentially toxic, and hence, they should be handled with caution, especially when they are pure. They are easily obtained by different methods, and their industrial value grows every year,...

Molecules

The chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils isolated from the leaves of Si... more The chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils isolated from the leaves of Siparuna aspera, Siparuna macrotepala, Piper leticianum, Piper augustum and the rhizome of Hedychium coronarium were evaluated. These species are used medicinally in different ways by the Amazonian communities that live near the Kutukú mountain range. Chemical studies revealed that the main components for the two Siparuna species were germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, α-pinene, δ-cadinene, δ-elemene, α-copaene and β-caryophyllene; for the two Piper species β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, α-(E,E)-farnesene, β-elemene, bicyclogermacrene, δ-cadinene and for H. coronarium 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, α-pinene and α-terpineol. The antioxidant activity of all essential oils was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), photochemiluminescence (PCL) quantitative assays, and DPPH and ABTS bioautographic profiles, with d...

Plants

This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antifungal potential of the essential oil extracted fr... more This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antifungal potential of the essential oil extracted from a species located in the Andes of Ecuador, Piper barbatum Kunth, known as “cordoncillo” or “allupa”, used by the Quichua people as an antibacterial plant for washing female genitalia in cases of infection. The most abundant molecules in the essential oil were: α- phellandrene (43.16%), limonene (7.04%); some oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as: trans-sesquisabinene hydrate (8.23%), elemol (7.21%) and others. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity showed activity in all the strains analyzed; however, those in which MIC values are considered to be very strong (less than 500 µg/mL) are: Staphylococcus aureus 264 µg/mL, Streptococcus mutans 132 µg/mL, Candida albicans 132 µg/mL and Candida tropicalis 264 µg/mL. Antimicrobial bioautography defines which molecules are responsible for the activity; thus, it was possible to establish the chromatographic regions of = 0.02 and Rf = 0.04, as tho...

JPC - Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC

La Granja

La presente es una revisión bibliográfica sobre la espectroscopia de absorción atómica de llama, ... more La presente es una revisión bibliográfica sobre la espectroscopia de absorción atómica de llama, método sensible y confiable en la determinación de metales pesados, ya que cuenta con una energía de transmisión electrónica única para cada metal. Este hecho facilita la investigación de nuevos productos cosméticos, en los cuales la determinación de plomo (Pb) es un tema de constante interés debido a su toxicidad. Es el caso de las empresas fabricantes las cuales a más de cumplir con la reglamentación exigida por la autoridad sanitaria deben plantearse requerimientos rigurosos en las buenas prácticas de fabricación, con el afán de dar al consumidor formulaciones inteligentes que embellezcan sin repercusiones sobre la salud en el tiempo, además de la información necesaria acerca de su composición. Asimismo, la autoridad sanitaria debe verificar en la etapa de post-registro las especificaciones de cumplimiento de la normativa, controlando de una mejor manera los productos cosméticos que circulan en el país.

La Granja

Using previous research of antioxidant activity oils from Mauritua flexuosa (Morete) Plukenetia v... more Using previous research of antioxidant activity oils from Mauritua flexuosa (Morete) Plukenetia volubilis (Sacha inchi) and Oenocarpus bataua (Ungurahua) formulations were made cosmetic creams and emulsions basic implementation, avoiding the use of too ingredients may interfere in what is considered "active" in the cosmetic formulation (oils with antioxidant potential). The samples were evaluated in an in vivo non-invasive, using a sample of 30 women who had a degree of photoaging. An assessment dermatology clinic and instrumental evaluation using Cutometer MPA580, equipment to visualize the changes in skin elasticity and firmness. The assessment is made at the beginning (time = 0 days) and after four weeks of using the product (time = 28 days) and the data were subjected to analysis of variance. The results of the study demonstrate that after 28 days of treatment, creams helped to improve the skin condition face, according to clinical evaluation creams were able to improve significantly the lightness and softness of the skin, and instrumental evaluation indicates that achieved an improvement in the firmness and elasticity of skin.

La Granja

Los principales componentes identificados en el aceite esencial de las hojas de Ocotea quixos (La... more Los principales componentes identificados en el aceite esencial de las hojas de Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm. son: Cariofileno 19,029%, Humuleno 14,323% y Eremofileno 11,407%, aclarándose que éstos sobresalen de un total de 62 compuestos. La técnica utilizada para la extracción del aceite fue destilación con agua y vapor de agua, empleando un destilador de 250 litros de capacidad. La cantidad de aceite obtenida fue de 3 ml por cada 10 kg de hojas frescas. El aceite fue utilizado para un experimento de evaluación de actividad antimicrobiana y antifúngica, siendo el resultado la inhibición del crecimiento de cepas de Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylcoccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Streptococos piogenes y Streptococcus mutans. Los resultados del experimento demostraron que el aceite foliar tiene una alta capacidad inhibitoria contra hongos (levaduras) y bacterias; así, se recomienda por un lado, continuar con análisis químicos más finos para determinar la naturalez...