Palavesam Arunachalam - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Palavesam Arunachalam

Fucoidan was extracted from the brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens by hot water extraction and ch... more Fucoidan was extracted from the brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens by hot water extraction and characterized with HPLC, FTIR, NMR and GPC to study the impact against the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), bacteria and fungi. Fucoidan was fed for shrimps along with the diet (before and after WSSV infection). In the end of the study, the survival percentage of shrimp was 51% (in the case of 5-8 g) and 97% (in the case of 12-15 g), respectively. Among the 10 bacterial pathogens and 7 fungal pathogens, fucoidan inhibited 2 bacterial pathogen such as S. aureus (0.26±0.02 mm) and E. faecalis (1.3±0.1 mm) and A. Niger (0.84 ± 0.03 mm) in fungal pathogens with clear zone of inhibition.

A lipase producing bacterium, Bacillus cereus MSU AS was isolated from the gut of a marine fish S... more A lipase producing bacterium, Bacillus cereus MSU AS was isolated from the gut of a marine fish Sardinella longiceps . In total, seven agricultural waste substrates (coconut oil cake, neem oil cake, onion skin waste, wheat bran, jack fruit waste, banana skin peels and pomegranate skin peel) were selected for solid state production of lipase by B. cereus MSU AS. Among the tested substrates, onion skin waste supplemented medium was found to be yielded maximum lipase and hence it was selected as a major substrate for further study. On optimization, 10% moisture content, 0.5% maltose (carbon source), 0.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate (nitrogen source), 0.4% gingilly oil (triglyceride) and 9% NaCl concentration were favoured more on production of lipase by B. cereus MSU AS. Further the lipase produced by the candidate strain was purified and its molecular weight was determined as 49 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis.

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2020

Aquaculture International, 2020

Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2019

Abstract In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the diversity and distribution ... more Abstract In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the diversity and distribution of polychaetes at four different stations (Lat. 8.08 ∘ & Long. 77.57 ∘ , Lat. 8.48 ∘ & Long. 78.11 ∘ , Lat. 9.28 ∘ & Long. 79.03 ∘ and Lat. 10.79 ∘ & Long. 79.85 ∘ ) in three different seasons (Post monsoon, Summer and Monsoon) along the south Tamilnadu coast, India for a period of one year (January to December 2015). In toto, 2911 individual polychaetes belonging to 35 families, 65 genera and 107 species were recorded in the surficial sediment samples of selected sampling stations. The polychaete species diversity H’ (2.594 to 3.347), species richness d’ (3.593 to 7.285), species evenness J’ (0.914 to 0.988) and Simpson’s dominance λ (0.039 to 0.078) showed notable variation during the study period. The maximum (1276 ind.) number of individuals was observed during summer season and minimum (704 ind.) during monsoon season. Analysis of polychaete diversity at different depths (0, 10 and 30 m) through Univariate measures such as Shannon–Weiner diversity and Margalef’s richness inferred that, the abundance of benthic polychaetes was remarkably higher at 30 m depth. The cluster analysis showed 74.42% similarity during summer and post monsoon seasons at 30 m depth. During the study period, Capitella capitata and Paraprionospio pinnata were the most dominant species recorded in all the sampling stations, thereby indicating that the selected sampling points were rich in organic matter.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2017

Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2017

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2013

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2014

ABSTRACT In vitro antibacterial aptitude of Avicennia marina, A. marina var acutissima, Rhizophor... more ABSTRACT In vitro antibacterial aptitude of Avicennia marina, A. marina var acutissima, Rhizophora mucronata, and R. annamalayana leaves were evaluated for urinary tract infective bacterial strains. A. marina var. acutissima and R. annamalayana methanolic extracts had diverse phytochemicals and demonstrated lower antibacterial activity at the concentrations of 100 to 250 μg.mL−1 and greater activity at 500 to 1,000 μg.mL−1. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration intensity of methanolic extracts were at 150 to 375 μg.mL−1. Alkaloids and genstine were noted in TLC fractionation, and their bioactivities were determined in bioautography analysis. Active functional groups OH alcoholic (hydrogen bond), C-H methylene, and C-O- aldehyde were present in both active guided fractions, but R2C=CH2 alkene and N-O nitraso groups were only in A. marina var. acutissima.

Current Biotechnology, 2014

ABSTRACT Protease enzyme from estuarine sediment bacterium Bacillus flexus was purified by using ... more ABSTRACT Protease enzyme from estuarine sediment bacterium Bacillus flexus was purified by using two steps such as ammonium sulphate precipitation (37.25% enzyme yield and 2.75 fold purification) and sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography (9.38% yield and 10.62 fold purification). Molecular weight of the purified protease detected was 44.3 kDa. The protease activity was found to be maximum at pH 8.0 and retained its activity in the pH range of 8-9 after 1.5 h of incubation. Also at 40°C the protease activity was maximum and remained stable between a temperature range of 40 to 50°C after 1.5 h of incubation. This enzyme is slightly halophilic and the maximum activity was observed in 0.5 M NaCl concentration. Further, the tested surfactants were found to enhance the protease activity; also this enzyme maintained its activity in the presence of SDS (5mM). Among the metal ions tested, mercuric chloride and zinc chloride completely inhibited the protease activity and optimum activity was registered in medium added with barium chloride and magnesium chloride. The serine protease inhibitor was found to inhibit 90% activity and hence it was further confirmed as a serine protease type. This enzyme effectively hydrolyzed casein when compared to BSA and gelatin.

Pan-American Journal of …, 2006

Abstract. This study investigates the bacterial diversity in the intestine of rock lobster Panuli... more Abstract. This study investigates the bacterial diversity in the intestine of rock lobster Panulirus homarus during live transportation process lasting for 14h. The total viable count (TVC) in the intestine of P. homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) prior to packing (control) was ...

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2012

This study was carried out to determine the effect of seaweed polysaccharide, fucoidan from brown... more This study was carried out to determine the effect of seaweed polysaccharide, fucoidan from brown seaweed, Sargassum wightii, on Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL) against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The fucoidan was extracted from S. wightii, and the yield was observed as 2.832 ± 0.204%. Artemia franciscana nauplii were enriched with extracted fucoidan at four different concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) and fed to shrimp P. monodon PL for 20 d. After feeding experiment, the P. monodon PL were challenged with WSSV, and the mortality percentage was recorded daily up to 21 d. During the challenge test, the control PL showed 100% cumulative mortality within 9 d, but the fucoidan‐enriched Artemia nauplii fed groups of PL exhibited 60–94% cumulative mortality within 21 d. The reduction in mortality percentage of experimental groups of PL over control PL was ranged between 33.71 and 61.65%. The polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the concentration‐dependent variatio...

Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2012

The polysaccharide-fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and characterized ... more The polysaccharide-fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and characterized through FT-IR and (13)C &(1)H NMR analysis. The extracted fucoidan was supplemented with pellet diets at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%). The fucoidan supplemented diets were fed to Penaeus monodon for 45 days, then challenged with WSSV and the mortality percentage was recorded daily up to 21 days. During the challenge test, the control group showed 100% mortality within 10 days, but in the experimental groups, the mortality percentage (51-72% within 21 days) was decreased considerably (P < 0.05) with respect to the concentrations of fucoidan. The reduction in mortality percentage of experimental groups over control group was ranged from 50.81 to 68.06%. During challenge experiment, the immunological parameters such as THC, prophenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst activity, superoxide dismutase activity and phagocytic activity were measured before injection of WSSV (0 day) and after the injection of WSSV on 10th and 21st days, respectively. All the immunological parameters of experimental groups were significantly (P < 0.05) increased than control group. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the considerable reduction of WSSV DNA copy numbers with respect to the concentration of fucoidan. It was concluded that P. monodon fed with fucoidan of S. wightii supplemented diet had enhanced the innate immunity and increased resistance against WSSV infection.

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2012

Aquaculture Research, 2010

Aquaculture Research, 2011

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2009

Annals of Microbiology, 2011

Fucoidan was extracted from the brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens by hot water extraction and ch... more Fucoidan was extracted from the brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens by hot water extraction and characterized with HPLC, FTIR, NMR and GPC to study the impact against the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), bacteria and fungi. Fucoidan was fed for shrimps along with the diet (before and after WSSV infection). In the end of the study, the survival percentage of shrimp was 51% (in the case of 5-8 g) and 97% (in the case of 12-15 g), respectively. Among the 10 bacterial pathogens and 7 fungal pathogens, fucoidan inhibited 2 bacterial pathogen such as S. aureus (0.26±0.02 mm) and E. faecalis (1.3±0.1 mm) and A. Niger (0.84 ± 0.03 mm) in fungal pathogens with clear zone of inhibition.

A lipase producing bacterium, Bacillus cereus MSU AS was isolated from the gut of a marine fish S... more A lipase producing bacterium, Bacillus cereus MSU AS was isolated from the gut of a marine fish Sardinella longiceps . In total, seven agricultural waste substrates (coconut oil cake, neem oil cake, onion skin waste, wheat bran, jack fruit waste, banana skin peels and pomegranate skin peel) were selected for solid state production of lipase by B. cereus MSU AS. Among the tested substrates, onion skin waste supplemented medium was found to be yielded maximum lipase and hence it was selected as a major substrate for further study. On optimization, 10% moisture content, 0.5% maltose (carbon source), 0.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate (nitrogen source), 0.4% gingilly oil (triglyceride) and 9% NaCl concentration were favoured more on production of lipase by B. cereus MSU AS. Further the lipase produced by the candidate strain was purified and its molecular weight was determined as 49 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis.

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2020

Aquaculture International, 2020

Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2019

Abstract In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the diversity and distribution ... more Abstract In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the diversity and distribution of polychaetes at four different stations (Lat. 8.08 ∘ & Long. 77.57 ∘ , Lat. 8.48 ∘ & Long. 78.11 ∘ , Lat. 9.28 ∘ & Long. 79.03 ∘ and Lat. 10.79 ∘ & Long. 79.85 ∘ ) in three different seasons (Post monsoon, Summer and Monsoon) along the south Tamilnadu coast, India for a period of one year (January to December 2015). In toto, 2911 individual polychaetes belonging to 35 families, 65 genera and 107 species were recorded in the surficial sediment samples of selected sampling stations. The polychaete species diversity H’ (2.594 to 3.347), species richness d’ (3.593 to 7.285), species evenness J’ (0.914 to 0.988) and Simpson’s dominance λ (0.039 to 0.078) showed notable variation during the study period. The maximum (1276 ind.) number of individuals was observed during summer season and minimum (704 ind.) during monsoon season. Analysis of polychaete diversity at different depths (0, 10 and 30 m) through Univariate measures such as Shannon–Weiner diversity and Margalef’s richness inferred that, the abundance of benthic polychaetes was remarkably higher at 30 m depth. The cluster analysis showed 74.42% similarity during summer and post monsoon seasons at 30 m depth. During the study period, Capitella capitata and Paraprionospio pinnata were the most dominant species recorded in all the sampling stations, thereby indicating that the selected sampling points were rich in organic matter.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2017

Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2017

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2013

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2014

ABSTRACT In vitro antibacterial aptitude of Avicennia marina, A. marina var acutissima, Rhizophor... more ABSTRACT In vitro antibacterial aptitude of Avicennia marina, A. marina var acutissima, Rhizophora mucronata, and R. annamalayana leaves were evaluated for urinary tract infective bacterial strains. A. marina var. acutissima and R. annamalayana methanolic extracts had diverse phytochemicals and demonstrated lower antibacterial activity at the concentrations of 100 to 250 μg.mL−1 and greater activity at 500 to 1,000 μg.mL−1. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration intensity of methanolic extracts were at 150 to 375 μg.mL−1. Alkaloids and genstine were noted in TLC fractionation, and their bioactivities were determined in bioautography analysis. Active functional groups OH alcoholic (hydrogen bond), C-H methylene, and C-O- aldehyde were present in both active guided fractions, but R2C=CH2 alkene and N-O nitraso groups were only in A. marina var. acutissima.

Current Biotechnology, 2014

ABSTRACT Protease enzyme from estuarine sediment bacterium Bacillus flexus was purified by using ... more ABSTRACT Protease enzyme from estuarine sediment bacterium Bacillus flexus was purified by using two steps such as ammonium sulphate precipitation (37.25% enzyme yield and 2.75 fold purification) and sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography (9.38% yield and 10.62 fold purification). Molecular weight of the purified protease detected was 44.3 kDa. The protease activity was found to be maximum at pH 8.0 and retained its activity in the pH range of 8-9 after 1.5 h of incubation. Also at 40°C the protease activity was maximum and remained stable between a temperature range of 40 to 50°C after 1.5 h of incubation. This enzyme is slightly halophilic and the maximum activity was observed in 0.5 M NaCl concentration. Further, the tested surfactants were found to enhance the protease activity; also this enzyme maintained its activity in the presence of SDS (5mM). Among the metal ions tested, mercuric chloride and zinc chloride completely inhibited the protease activity and optimum activity was registered in medium added with barium chloride and magnesium chloride. The serine protease inhibitor was found to inhibit 90% activity and hence it was further confirmed as a serine protease type. This enzyme effectively hydrolyzed casein when compared to BSA and gelatin.

Pan-American Journal of …, 2006

Abstract. This study investigates the bacterial diversity in the intestine of rock lobster Panuli... more Abstract. This study investigates the bacterial diversity in the intestine of rock lobster Panulirus homarus during live transportation process lasting for 14h. The total viable count (TVC) in the intestine of P. homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) prior to packing (control) was ...

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2012

This study was carried out to determine the effect of seaweed polysaccharide, fucoidan from brown... more This study was carried out to determine the effect of seaweed polysaccharide, fucoidan from brown seaweed, Sargassum wightii, on Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL) against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The fucoidan was extracted from S. wightii, and the yield was observed as 2.832 ± 0.204%. Artemia franciscana nauplii were enriched with extracted fucoidan at four different concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) and fed to shrimp P. monodon PL for 20 d. After feeding experiment, the P. monodon PL were challenged with WSSV, and the mortality percentage was recorded daily up to 21 d. During the challenge test, the control PL showed 100% cumulative mortality within 9 d, but the fucoidan‐enriched Artemia nauplii fed groups of PL exhibited 60–94% cumulative mortality within 21 d. The reduction in mortality percentage of experimental groups of PL over control PL was ranged between 33.71 and 61.65%. The polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the concentration‐dependent variatio...

Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2012

The polysaccharide-fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and characterized ... more The polysaccharide-fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and characterized through FT-IR and (13)C &(1)H NMR analysis. The extracted fucoidan was supplemented with pellet diets at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%). The fucoidan supplemented diets were fed to Penaeus monodon for 45 days, then challenged with WSSV and the mortality percentage was recorded daily up to 21 days. During the challenge test, the control group showed 100% mortality within 10 days, but in the experimental groups, the mortality percentage (51-72% within 21 days) was decreased considerably (P < 0.05) with respect to the concentrations of fucoidan. The reduction in mortality percentage of experimental groups over control group was ranged from 50.81 to 68.06%. During challenge experiment, the immunological parameters such as THC, prophenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst activity, superoxide dismutase activity and phagocytic activity were measured before injection of WSSV (0 day) and after the injection of WSSV on 10th and 21st days, respectively. All the immunological parameters of experimental groups were significantly (P < 0.05) increased than control group. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the considerable reduction of WSSV DNA copy numbers with respect to the concentration of fucoidan. It was concluded that P. monodon fed with fucoidan of S. wightii supplemented diet had enhanced the innate immunity and increased resistance against WSSV infection.

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2012

Aquaculture Research, 2010

Aquaculture Research, 2011

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2009

Annals of Microbiology, 2011