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Papers by Pallavi Nanaiah
International journal of advanced research, Jul 31, 2022
Background and objectives: Proinflammatory cytokines appear to have a central role in the destruc... more Background and objectives: Proinflammatory cytokines appear to have a central role in the destruction of periodontal tissues. By binding to Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor jb (RANK) on osteoclast progenitor cells, these cytokines are locally responsible for the activation of bone resorbing osteoclasts differentiation and function. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a proinflammatory cytokine derived from the osteoblasts and plays an important role in osteoclastogenesis. The present study was carried out to assess the levels of IL-34 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) in periodontally healthy patients, chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. Materials and method: A total of 90 patients were recruited in the study and were divided into 3 groups: Periodontally healthy patients (Group I), Chronic periodontitis (Group II) and Aggressive periodontitis (Group III). Clinical Parameters like plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment levels were recorded and GCF samples were collected at baseline for the assessment of IL-34 levels in all the three groups. IL-34 levels were calculated using Enzyme-Linked Immune-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The mean GCF levels of IL-34 in Group I was 47.22 ± 18.04 pg/ml, Group II was 103.76 ± 26.61 pg/ml and in Group III was 191.71 ± 49.24 pg/ml. The mean GCF IL-34 level
RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences
Gingival recession is the apical migration of the gingival margin with exposure of root surfaces.... more Gingival recession is the apical migration of the gingival margin with exposure of root surfaces. Fulfilling functional and esthetic demands of patients with multiple gingival recessions remains a major therapeutic challenge. While treating adjacent multiple recession defects in esthetic areas, selection of appropriate surgical procedure that restores optimal esthetic and functional stability is of paramount importance, which allows the clinician to gain optimal structural correction of the soft tissue deficiency yet does not compromise the soft tissue architecture and esthetics. Zucchelli and De Sanctis have described a modified coronally advanced flap design for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions, which allows for optimal flap adaptation and satisfactory root coverage. Platelet Rich Fibrin demonstrates the additional biologic effects, where its growth factors enhance the wound healing mechanism and are postulated as promoters of tissue regeneration. This case report pre...
World Journal of Dentistry
Studies have shown that prevalence of periodontal disease is increased in patients with psychiatr... more Studies have shown that prevalence of periodontal disease is increased in patients with psychiatric disorders. 8 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the basic anxiety disorders which form the component of other anxiety disorders. An individual suffering from this particular form of psychiatric disorder suffers from chronic stress which can be detrimental to the body. The cellular immune response down regulated by stress causes the microbial levels to rise and makes the human body more prone to infections. 9 Studies have also found that elevated IntroductIon Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium leading to tissue destruction and eventually tooth loss. 1 The destruction is attributed to the complex interaction of the microbes, host, and the environmental factors. 2 However, the precise role of various putative pathogens, mainly bacteria, and host responses in the pathogenesis of periodontitis has been difficult to elucidate. The differences in the severity of gingival inflammation and the loss of attachment and tissue destruction in spite of the presence of comparable levels of risk factors, have energized the efforts to fathom additional etiologic factors for periodontal disease progression. 3 This has led to the revelation of the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. 4 Numerous herpes viruses like the HSV, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been associated with periodontitis. The herpes viruses have immunosuppressive effects and there by diminish the body's defense against bacterial challenges. It is suggested that the coexistence of herpes viruses, periodontopathic bacteria, and local host immune responses should be viewed as a precarious balance that has the potential to lead to periodontal destruction. 3,5 Periodontitis is also influenced by a variety of environmental factors. Stress is one such factor which is considered as a risk indicator for periodontal diseases. 6 Psychological stress, particularly if sustained over an extended period of time, can have deleterious effects on the body, representing an important example of the mind-body 1,2,5,6
Context: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by progressive dest... more Context: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures. Although conventional antimicrobial therapy using antibiotics is an established treatment mode, the emergence of microbial resistance and side effects, has made to look for new antimicrobial substances of alternate sources like herbal plants orign. Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effects of Phyllanthus emblica and Moringa oliefera extract on periodontopathogens like Aggregatebacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg), Prevotella intermedia(Pi) and Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) Material and methods: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis, cultivated, and incubated anaerobically as per the standard procedure. The subcultured strains of Aa, Pg, Pi and Fn are tested with the prepared extracts of Phyllanthus emblica and Moringa oliefera in ...
Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2013
Photoacoustic imaging, also called optoacoustic imaging, is a new biomedical imaging modality bas... more Photoacoustic imaging, also called optoacoustic imaging, is a new biomedical imaging modality based on the use of laser-generated ultrasound. It is a hybrid modality, combining the high- contrast and spectroscopy based specificity of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. In essence, a Photoacoustic image can be regarded as an ultrasound image in which the contrast depends not on the mechanical and elastic properties of the tissue, but its optical properties, specifically optical absorption. As a result, it offers greater specificity than conventional sonographic imaging with the ability to detect haemoglobin, lipids, water and other light-absorbing chromophores, but with greater penetration depth than purely optical imaging modalities that rely on ballistic photons. In addition to visualizing anatomical structures such as the microvasculature, it can also provide functional information such as blood oxygenation, blood flow and temperature. These att...
The insect population is easily among the most resilient species in the world. They have survived... more The insect population is easily among the most resilient species in the world. They have survived famines, droughts, disasters both manmade and natural and continue to remain among the most unperturbed species in the world. While insects are commonly considered pests and a large part of man s efforts are extended towards eradicating them, some insects have been counted as mankind s friend. The honeybee is one such animal which by virtue of being a pollinator helps among other pollinators to cross pollinate and help at least 30% of the world s crops and 90% of our wild plants to survive (Chavarria, 1999 2000).
International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR], May 1, 2019
Introduction: Oral Squamous Papilloma (OSP) is a benign, hyperplastic wart-like localized prolife... more Introduction: Oral Squamous Papilloma (OSP) is a benign, hyperplastic wart-like localized proliferation, representing an exaggerated growth of normal squamous epithelium caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. It can occur at any age and is commonly found on the tongue, lips, buccal mucosa and palate. Case report: We present a case of oral squamous papilloma in a 40-year-old male patient in the hard palate which was managed by laser excision. Conclusion: Oral Squamous Papilloma is an exophytic non-contagious growth which is caused by papilloma virus. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and laser excision has shown to be a promising treatment modality with high patient compliance.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013
RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences
Background and aim: Development of chronic periodontitis (CP) is related to the presence of perio... more Background and aim: Development of chronic periodontitis (CP) is related to the presence of periopathogenic bacteria and several other conditions including stress. In the successful management of chronic periodontitis, early detection of psychological stress plays a crucial role. Salivary cortisol is found to be associated with stress, however not many published evidence exists suggesting the association of stress and salivary cortisol levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence, this study was carried out with the aim to assess salivary cortisol levels and neutrophil functions in chronic periodontitis patients with and without stress. Materials and methods: Cortisol levels were determined using ELISA method from saliva samples collected, analysis of neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing was done using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, and stress was assessed using Derogatis Stress Profile scale in 60 participants. Study participants were categ...
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 2013
Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. ... more Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. Both aggressive periodontitis (AP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) have a multifactorial etiology, with dental plaque as the initiating factor. However, the initiation and progression of periodontitis are influenced by other factors including microbiologic, social and behavioral and systemic and genetic factors. The prevalence of periodontal diseases varies in different regions of the world according to the definition of periodontitis and the study population, and there are indications that they may be more prevalent in developing than in developed countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the adolescents of 15-18 years of age in Mangalore City. One thousand one hundred students aged 15-18 years were selected for the study from the schools and colleges in Mangalore City using a convenient sampling method. The prevalence of AP and CP were assessed in the study using a community periodontal index. Students who were diagnosed clinically and radiographically were subjected to microbiological examination to confirm AP. A high prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis was found in students belonging to the lower socioeconomic status group compared with the higher socioeconomic groups, which were associated with poor oral hygiene habits. The prevalence of AP was found to be 0.36% and that of CP was found to be 1.5%. Oral diseases have a significant impact on the social and psychological aspects of an individual's life. Exposure to risk factors, such as age, low socio-economic status, poor education, low dental care utilization, poor oral hygiene levels, smoking, psychosocial stress and genetic factors are significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis among adolescents. Although genetic factors play a major role in periodontitis, the treatment outcome will still be influenced by environmental and behavioral factors.
International journal of advanced research, Jul 31, 2022
Background and objectives: Proinflammatory cytokines appear to have a central role in the destruc... more Background and objectives: Proinflammatory cytokines appear to have a central role in the destruction of periodontal tissues. By binding to Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor jb (RANK) on osteoclast progenitor cells, these cytokines are locally responsible for the activation of bone resorbing osteoclasts differentiation and function. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a proinflammatory cytokine derived from the osteoblasts and plays an important role in osteoclastogenesis. The present study was carried out to assess the levels of IL-34 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) in periodontally healthy patients, chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. Materials and method: A total of 90 patients were recruited in the study and were divided into 3 groups: Periodontally healthy patients (Group I), Chronic periodontitis (Group II) and Aggressive periodontitis (Group III). Clinical Parameters like plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment levels were recorded and GCF samples were collected at baseline for the assessment of IL-34 levels in all the three groups. IL-34 levels were calculated using Enzyme-Linked Immune-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The mean GCF levels of IL-34 in Group I was 47.22 ± 18.04 pg/ml, Group II was 103.76 ± 26.61 pg/ml and in Group III was 191.71 ± 49.24 pg/ml. The mean GCF IL-34 level
RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences
Gingival recession is the apical migration of the gingival margin with exposure of root surfaces.... more Gingival recession is the apical migration of the gingival margin with exposure of root surfaces. Fulfilling functional and esthetic demands of patients with multiple gingival recessions remains a major therapeutic challenge. While treating adjacent multiple recession defects in esthetic areas, selection of appropriate surgical procedure that restores optimal esthetic and functional stability is of paramount importance, which allows the clinician to gain optimal structural correction of the soft tissue deficiency yet does not compromise the soft tissue architecture and esthetics. Zucchelli and De Sanctis have described a modified coronally advanced flap design for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions, which allows for optimal flap adaptation and satisfactory root coverage. Platelet Rich Fibrin demonstrates the additional biologic effects, where its growth factors enhance the wound healing mechanism and are postulated as promoters of tissue regeneration. This case report pre...
World Journal of Dentistry
Studies have shown that prevalence of periodontal disease is increased in patients with psychiatr... more Studies have shown that prevalence of periodontal disease is increased in patients with psychiatric disorders. 8 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the basic anxiety disorders which form the component of other anxiety disorders. An individual suffering from this particular form of psychiatric disorder suffers from chronic stress which can be detrimental to the body. The cellular immune response down regulated by stress causes the microbial levels to rise and makes the human body more prone to infections. 9 Studies have also found that elevated IntroductIon Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium leading to tissue destruction and eventually tooth loss. 1 The destruction is attributed to the complex interaction of the microbes, host, and the environmental factors. 2 However, the precise role of various putative pathogens, mainly bacteria, and host responses in the pathogenesis of periodontitis has been difficult to elucidate. The differences in the severity of gingival inflammation and the loss of attachment and tissue destruction in spite of the presence of comparable levels of risk factors, have energized the efforts to fathom additional etiologic factors for periodontal disease progression. 3 This has led to the revelation of the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. 4 Numerous herpes viruses like the HSV, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been associated with periodontitis. The herpes viruses have immunosuppressive effects and there by diminish the body's defense against bacterial challenges. It is suggested that the coexistence of herpes viruses, periodontopathic bacteria, and local host immune responses should be viewed as a precarious balance that has the potential to lead to periodontal destruction. 3,5 Periodontitis is also influenced by a variety of environmental factors. Stress is one such factor which is considered as a risk indicator for periodontal diseases. 6 Psychological stress, particularly if sustained over an extended period of time, can have deleterious effects on the body, representing an important example of the mind-body 1,2,5,6
Context: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by progressive dest... more Context: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures. Although conventional antimicrobial therapy using antibiotics is an established treatment mode, the emergence of microbial resistance and side effects, has made to look for new antimicrobial substances of alternate sources like herbal plants orign. Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effects of Phyllanthus emblica and Moringa oliefera extract on periodontopathogens like Aggregatebacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg), Prevotella intermedia(Pi) and Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) Material and methods: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis, cultivated, and incubated anaerobically as per the standard procedure. The subcultured strains of Aa, Pg, Pi and Fn are tested with the prepared extracts of Phyllanthus emblica and Moringa oliefera in ...
Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2013
Photoacoustic imaging, also called optoacoustic imaging, is a new biomedical imaging modality bas... more Photoacoustic imaging, also called optoacoustic imaging, is a new biomedical imaging modality based on the use of laser-generated ultrasound. It is a hybrid modality, combining the high- contrast and spectroscopy based specificity of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. In essence, a Photoacoustic image can be regarded as an ultrasound image in which the contrast depends not on the mechanical and elastic properties of the tissue, but its optical properties, specifically optical absorption. As a result, it offers greater specificity than conventional sonographic imaging with the ability to detect haemoglobin, lipids, water and other light-absorbing chromophores, but with greater penetration depth than purely optical imaging modalities that rely on ballistic photons. In addition to visualizing anatomical structures such as the microvasculature, it can also provide functional information such as blood oxygenation, blood flow and temperature. These att...
The insect population is easily among the most resilient species in the world. They have survived... more The insect population is easily among the most resilient species in the world. They have survived famines, droughts, disasters both manmade and natural and continue to remain among the most unperturbed species in the world. While insects are commonly considered pests and a large part of man s efforts are extended towards eradicating them, some insects have been counted as mankind s friend. The honeybee is one such animal which by virtue of being a pollinator helps among other pollinators to cross pollinate and help at least 30% of the world s crops and 90% of our wild plants to survive (Chavarria, 1999 2000).
International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR], May 1, 2019
Introduction: Oral Squamous Papilloma (OSP) is a benign, hyperplastic wart-like localized prolife... more Introduction: Oral Squamous Papilloma (OSP) is a benign, hyperplastic wart-like localized proliferation, representing an exaggerated growth of normal squamous epithelium caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. It can occur at any age and is commonly found on the tongue, lips, buccal mucosa and palate. Case report: We present a case of oral squamous papilloma in a 40-year-old male patient in the hard palate which was managed by laser excision. Conclusion: Oral Squamous Papilloma is an exophytic non-contagious growth which is caused by papilloma virus. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and laser excision has shown to be a promising treatment modality with high patient compliance.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013
RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences
Background and aim: Development of chronic periodontitis (CP) is related to the presence of perio... more Background and aim: Development of chronic periodontitis (CP) is related to the presence of periopathogenic bacteria and several other conditions including stress. In the successful management of chronic periodontitis, early detection of psychological stress plays a crucial role. Salivary cortisol is found to be associated with stress, however not many published evidence exists suggesting the association of stress and salivary cortisol levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence, this study was carried out with the aim to assess salivary cortisol levels and neutrophil functions in chronic periodontitis patients with and without stress. Materials and methods: Cortisol levels were determined using ELISA method from saliva samples collected, analysis of neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing was done using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, and stress was assessed using Derogatis Stress Profile scale in 60 participants. Study participants were categ...
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 2013
Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. ... more Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. Both aggressive periodontitis (AP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) have a multifactorial etiology, with dental plaque as the initiating factor. However, the initiation and progression of periodontitis are influenced by other factors including microbiologic, social and behavioral and systemic and genetic factors. The prevalence of periodontal diseases varies in different regions of the world according to the definition of periodontitis and the study population, and there are indications that they may be more prevalent in developing than in developed countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the adolescents of 15-18 years of age in Mangalore City. One thousand one hundred students aged 15-18 years were selected for the study from the schools and colleges in Mangalore City using a convenient sampling method. The prevalence of AP and CP were assessed in the study using a community periodontal index. Students who were diagnosed clinically and radiographically were subjected to microbiological examination to confirm AP. A high prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis was found in students belonging to the lower socioeconomic status group compared with the higher socioeconomic groups, which were associated with poor oral hygiene habits. The prevalence of AP was found to be 0.36% and that of CP was found to be 1.5%. Oral diseases have a significant impact on the social and psychological aspects of an individual's life. Exposure to risk factors, such as age, low socio-economic status, poor education, low dental care utilization, poor oral hygiene levels, smoking, psychosocial stress and genetic factors are significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis among adolescents. Although genetic factors play a major role in periodontitis, the treatment outcome will still be influenced by environmental and behavioral factors.