Pamela Singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Pamela Singh

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of death globally. It causes acquired immunod... more Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of death globally. It causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) characterized by relentless destruction of human immune system. HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects the CD4 presenting cells of human immune system, such as, macrophages and dendritic cells. People die of AIDS because the disease remains undetectable for a long time after the initial viral infection. Hence, a simple, accurate and economical technique is required to detect HIV in early stage of infection with high specificity and sensitivity. Presently, HIV is diagnosed by various immunological and molecular techniques, such as, ELISA, rapid tests, Western blot, indirect immunoassay, radioimmuno-precipitation, line immunoassay and nucleic acid based tests. The current methods are non-confirmatory because of certain limitations, which further requires other confirmatory tests. In recent years, research has been focused on alternative methods to improve diag...

This study addresses the problems of pulp and paper mill effluent in terms of reduction in COD, c... more This study addresses the problems of pulp and paper mill effluent in terms of reduction in COD, colour and degradation of lignin content by bacterial strains to meet effluent discharge limits. Pulp and paper mill effluent is rich in lignin and bacterial laccases are reported to play a major role in lignin degradation. Thus, the present study deals with isolation of laccase positive potential bacterial strains from pulp and paper mill sludge and their application in pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment. Isolate RJH-13 was found useful for treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. It was identified as Bacillus tequilensis strain by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Efficiency evaluation was carried out by batch and reactor studies and results of the studies concluded that the isolated strain can degrade pulp and paper mill wastewater without the requirement of any additional expensive nutrients such as glucose or peptone. Hence it can be useful for effluent treatment plants.

The current study reports isolation and characterization of a bacterium, named SCPS1, from the ga... more The current study reports isolation and characterization of a bacterium, named SCPS1, from the garden soil of a college campus from University of Delhi in New Delhi, India. Garden soil was used for bacterial isolation using standard isolation procedures of serial dilution and plating. Out of several 100 isolates, 6 morphologically distinct colonies were picked up and screened for antifungal potential. SCPS1 showed excellent activity against Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus. It was selected for further study and characterization was done using biochemical tests and 16S rRNA based molecular approach. Gram positive rods with capsules were observed microscopically and SCPS1 was found to be a member of Bacillus group, Bacillus amylo liquifaciens, upon phylogenetic analysis.

Pulp and paper mill effluent is rich in lignocellulosic compounds, and lignin is the major colour... more Pulp and paper mill effluent is rich in lignocellulosic compounds, and lignin is the major colour-imparting constituent present in it. The present study deals with isolation of a potential bacterium for decolourization of pulp and paper mill effluent. A promising lignin-degrading bacterium RJH-3 was isolated from sludge of pulp and paper mill and identified as bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. During wastewater degradation study by batch mode, the isolate reduced 59.6% lignin content, 61.3% colour, and 64.1% COD after 144 h of incubation. The bacterium was able to degrade lignin and decolorize pulp and paper mill effluent to the permissible discharge limit within 48 h retention time (RT) during the reactor study. The isolate efficiently reduced lignin (45.1%), colour (48.8%), and COD content (59.1%) at 48 h RT from the pulp and paper mill effluent at alkaline pH (8.3±0.3).

Diarrhoeal disease is one of the major public health concerns and represents the second most caus... more Diarrhoeal disease is one of the major public health concerns and represents the second most cause of mortality among children below 5 years of age in developing countries. Globally Rotavirus is transmitted by the fecal oral route, causes life intimidating gastroenteritis amongst human and cattle which has enforced the focused efforts to develop vaccines by understanding narrative therapeutic mechanisms of gastrointestinal virus pathogenesis. Rotavirus is the most common and contagious virus that cause diarrhea in infants and viral diarrhea in calves. Therefore worldwide endogenous government health policies and WHO have taken vast preventive and controlling measure to overcome the disease burden of Rotavirus.

Escherichia coli is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of poultry throughout the... more Escherichia coli is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of poultry throughout the world, leading to remarkable economic burden. Human cases of antibiotic resistance has been recently linked to drug resistant animal source bacteria, which have drawn more attention towards poultry industry in particular. The present study was conducted on broiler population to isolate and identify the bacteria from clinical cases, followed by antibiotic study. A total of 24 isolates out of 68 liver and blood samples were successfully detected. Maximum resistance was found against enrofloxacin (86.3%), oxytetracycline (75%) and norfloxacin (66.7%). Whereas sensitivity was found maximum against chloramphenicol (95.8%) and streptomycin (87.5%) followed by amoxicillin, amikacin and cephalexin, making them available for use in treatment and control of the disease.

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018

A gram positive, rod shaped, bacterium was isolated from pulp and paper mill sludge and character... more A gram positive, rod shaped, bacterium was isolated from pulp and paper mill sludge and characterized as Brevibacillus parabrevis (MTCC 12105) by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. C D and E OP stage wastewater, collected from a leading pulp and paper mill situated in North India, was used for degradation study. Wastewater degradation efficiency of the bacterial isolate was evaluated by Flask study in batch mode and Reactor study in semi continuous mode. The isolated bacterium showed a considerable reduction of the colour (59%), chemical oxygen demand (62%) and lignin (53.8%) content of Kraft paper mill effluent at 37 °C after 5 days. During reactor study it reduced 42.6% Lignin, 51.6% Colour and 60.3% COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the wastewater at 48 h RT (retention time). The isolate was deposited at MTCC Chandigarh, India with an accession no. MTCC 12105.

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2017

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2015

This study evaluates cellulose degrading bacteria isolates from paper mill dumpsites and their ce... more This study evaluates cellulose degrading bacteria isolates from paper mill dumpsites and their cellulolytic activity. Forty-one cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) were isolated from soil samples from seven different paper and pulp mill dump sites using enrichment method. The isolates were identified based on Morphology and Biochemical characterization while the identities of the potent cellulolytic bacteria isolates were confirmed by 16SrRNA sequencing. The optimum pH, temperature and incubation period for cellulose production by the CBD were determined. Isolates EFB3, ADB4, EFB1 and EFB4 exhibited the maximum zone of clearance around the colony with diameter of 50mm, 43mm, 44mm and 54mm and with the hydrolytic value of 10, 10.6, 8.8 and 7.6 respectively. The three selected bacteria with highest cellulose-degrading ability had 96% similarity with Enterobacter soli, Eubacterium ventriosum and Klebsiella michiganensis. Production of cellulase by the bacteria were influenced by environmental factors. Klebsiella michiganensis had optimum activity (38.5U/ml/min) after 72 hours while Enterobacter soli and Eubacterium ventriosum had optimum cellulase activity of 35.5U/ml/min and 32.2U/ml/min respectively after 48 hours. Enterobacter soli, Klebsiella michiganensis and Eubacterium ventriosum had optimum cellulase activity of 38U/ml/min, 35.6U/ml/min and 35.2U/ml/min respectively at pH7 while they recorded lower cellulase activity at acidic and alkaline pH ranges. Eubacterium ventriosum and Klebsiella michiganensis exhibited optimum activity of 25.12 U/ml/min and 20.55 U/ml/min respectively at 40°C. Enterobacter soli had the least cellulase activity with its optimum (15.02U/ml/min) at 35°C. The findings of this study revealed the abundance of bacteria equipped with the essential enzymatic capability to decompose cellulosic materials in the study area. These bacteria can also be used for mass production of cellulase.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 1996

The duration of inhibitory effect of terfenadine on histamine-induced skin wheals has been report... more The duration of inhibitory effect of terfenadine on histamine-induced skin wheals has been reported differently by different workers. The present study was carried out to study the duration of inhibitory effect of terfenadine on histamine-induced skin wheals. In nine normal, healthy adult volunteers, baseline skin reactivity was established by performing intradermal skin tests with histamine and normal saline on three consecutive days. The effect of two regimens of terfenadine was evaluated: 1-day treatment with 60 mg bid and 1-week treatment with the same dosage. Skin tests were performed every day following the treatment until the wheal size had recovered to within 90% of the baseline value. The mean duration of inhibition with the 1-day treatment was 70.66 +/- 17.47 hours while that following the 1-week treatment was 78.66 +/- 20.00 hours (P less than .05). The inhibition was about 40% at 24 hours and 17% at 48 hours with 1-day treatment while it was 37% and 18%, respectively, with 1-week treatment. In individual subjects, the duration of inhibitory effect varied from 36 to 84 hours with 1-day treatment and 60 to 108 hours with 1-week treatment. The study showed that terfenadine has no significant cumulative antihistaminic effect on repeated dosing. It is suggested that terfenadine should be stopped at least three days before performing skin tests for type I hypersensitivity.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

Mastitis is one of the leading pathological condition of udder of cattle and buffaloes, which lea... more Mastitis is one of the leading pathological condition of udder of cattle and buffaloes, which leads to decrease in quality and quantity of milk. Various bacterial, fungal and viral agents affect udder containing milk, leading to contagious and environmental mastitis based on route of entry into udder and teat canal. Subclinical mastitis can be controlled without antibiotic whereas its use is warranted in clinical mastitis. Outcome of treatment depends on various factors like host immune response, type of causative agent and stage of detection of infection. Prolonged treatment may be required for bacteria like Staphylococcus, which may even leads to loss of quarter in severe cases and development of antibiotic resistance. Proper education of farmer regarding hygiene condition can help in reduction of incidence and hence keeping milk production to the optimum level.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of death globally. It causes acquired immunod... more Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of death globally. It causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) characterized by relentless destruction of human immune system. HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects the CD4 presenting cells of human immune system, such as, macrophages and dendritic cells. People die of AIDS because the disease remains undetectable for a long time after the initial viral infection. Hence, a simple, accurate and economical technique is required to detect HIV in early stage of infection with high specificity and sensitivity. Presently, HIV is diagnosed by various immunological and molecular techniques, such as, ELISA, rapid tests, Western blot, indirect immunoassay, radioimmuno-precipitation, line immunoassay and nucleic acid based tests. The current methods are non-confirmatory because of certain limitations, which further requires other confirmatory tests. In recent years, research has been focused on alternative methods to improve diag...

This study addresses the problems of pulp and paper mill effluent in terms of reduction in COD, c... more This study addresses the problems of pulp and paper mill effluent in terms of reduction in COD, colour and degradation of lignin content by bacterial strains to meet effluent discharge limits. Pulp and paper mill effluent is rich in lignin and bacterial laccases are reported to play a major role in lignin degradation. Thus, the present study deals with isolation of laccase positive potential bacterial strains from pulp and paper mill sludge and their application in pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment. Isolate RJH-13 was found useful for treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. It was identified as Bacillus tequilensis strain by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Efficiency evaluation was carried out by batch and reactor studies and results of the studies concluded that the isolated strain can degrade pulp and paper mill wastewater without the requirement of any additional expensive nutrients such as glucose or peptone. Hence it can be useful for effluent treatment plants.

The current study reports isolation and characterization of a bacterium, named SCPS1, from the ga... more The current study reports isolation and characterization of a bacterium, named SCPS1, from the garden soil of a college campus from University of Delhi in New Delhi, India. Garden soil was used for bacterial isolation using standard isolation procedures of serial dilution and plating. Out of several 100 isolates, 6 morphologically distinct colonies were picked up and screened for antifungal potential. SCPS1 showed excellent activity against Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus. It was selected for further study and characterization was done using biochemical tests and 16S rRNA based molecular approach. Gram positive rods with capsules were observed microscopically and SCPS1 was found to be a member of Bacillus group, Bacillus amylo liquifaciens, upon phylogenetic analysis.

Pulp and paper mill effluent is rich in lignocellulosic compounds, and lignin is the major colour... more Pulp and paper mill effluent is rich in lignocellulosic compounds, and lignin is the major colour-imparting constituent present in it. The present study deals with isolation of a potential bacterium for decolourization of pulp and paper mill effluent. A promising lignin-degrading bacterium RJH-3 was isolated from sludge of pulp and paper mill and identified as bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. During wastewater degradation study by batch mode, the isolate reduced 59.6% lignin content, 61.3% colour, and 64.1% COD after 144 h of incubation. The bacterium was able to degrade lignin and decolorize pulp and paper mill effluent to the permissible discharge limit within 48 h retention time (RT) during the reactor study. The isolate efficiently reduced lignin (45.1%), colour (48.8%), and COD content (59.1%) at 48 h RT from the pulp and paper mill effluent at alkaline pH (8.3±0.3).

Diarrhoeal disease is one of the major public health concerns and represents the second most caus... more Diarrhoeal disease is one of the major public health concerns and represents the second most cause of mortality among children below 5 years of age in developing countries. Globally Rotavirus is transmitted by the fecal oral route, causes life intimidating gastroenteritis amongst human and cattle which has enforced the focused efforts to develop vaccines by understanding narrative therapeutic mechanisms of gastrointestinal virus pathogenesis. Rotavirus is the most common and contagious virus that cause diarrhea in infants and viral diarrhea in calves. Therefore worldwide endogenous government health policies and WHO have taken vast preventive and controlling measure to overcome the disease burden of Rotavirus.

Escherichia coli is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of poultry throughout the... more Escherichia coli is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of poultry throughout the world, leading to remarkable economic burden. Human cases of antibiotic resistance has been recently linked to drug resistant animal source bacteria, which have drawn more attention towards poultry industry in particular. The present study was conducted on broiler population to isolate and identify the bacteria from clinical cases, followed by antibiotic study. A total of 24 isolates out of 68 liver and blood samples were successfully detected. Maximum resistance was found against enrofloxacin (86.3%), oxytetracycline (75%) and norfloxacin (66.7%). Whereas sensitivity was found maximum against chloramphenicol (95.8%) and streptomycin (87.5%) followed by amoxicillin, amikacin and cephalexin, making them available for use in treatment and control of the disease.

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018

A gram positive, rod shaped, bacterium was isolated from pulp and paper mill sludge and character... more A gram positive, rod shaped, bacterium was isolated from pulp and paper mill sludge and characterized as Brevibacillus parabrevis (MTCC 12105) by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. C D and E OP stage wastewater, collected from a leading pulp and paper mill situated in North India, was used for degradation study. Wastewater degradation efficiency of the bacterial isolate was evaluated by Flask study in batch mode and Reactor study in semi continuous mode. The isolated bacterium showed a considerable reduction of the colour (59%), chemical oxygen demand (62%) and lignin (53.8%) content of Kraft paper mill effluent at 37 °C after 5 days. During reactor study it reduced 42.6% Lignin, 51.6% Colour and 60.3% COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the wastewater at 48 h RT (retention time). The isolate was deposited at MTCC Chandigarh, India with an accession no. MTCC 12105.

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2017

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2015

This study evaluates cellulose degrading bacteria isolates from paper mill dumpsites and their ce... more This study evaluates cellulose degrading bacteria isolates from paper mill dumpsites and their cellulolytic activity. Forty-one cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) were isolated from soil samples from seven different paper and pulp mill dump sites using enrichment method. The isolates were identified based on Morphology and Biochemical characterization while the identities of the potent cellulolytic bacteria isolates were confirmed by 16SrRNA sequencing. The optimum pH, temperature and incubation period for cellulose production by the CBD were determined. Isolates EFB3, ADB4, EFB1 and EFB4 exhibited the maximum zone of clearance around the colony with diameter of 50mm, 43mm, 44mm and 54mm and with the hydrolytic value of 10, 10.6, 8.8 and 7.6 respectively. The three selected bacteria with highest cellulose-degrading ability had 96% similarity with Enterobacter soli, Eubacterium ventriosum and Klebsiella michiganensis. Production of cellulase by the bacteria were influenced by environmental factors. Klebsiella michiganensis had optimum activity (38.5U/ml/min) after 72 hours while Enterobacter soli and Eubacterium ventriosum had optimum cellulase activity of 35.5U/ml/min and 32.2U/ml/min respectively after 48 hours. Enterobacter soli, Klebsiella michiganensis and Eubacterium ventriosum had optimum cellulase activity of 38U/ml/min, 35.6U/ml/min and 35.2U/ml/min respectively at pH7 while they recorded lower cellulase activity at acidic and alkaline pH ranges. Eubacterium ventriosum and Klebsiella michiganensis exhibited optimum activity of 25.12 U/ml/min and 20.55 U/ml/min respectively at 40°C. Enterobacter soli had the least cellulase activity with its optimum (15.02U/ml/min) at 35°C. The findings of this study revealed the abundance of bacteria equipped with the essential enzymatic capability to decompose cellulosic materials in the study area. These bacteria can also be used for mass production of cellulase.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 1996

The duration of inhibitory effect of terfenadine on histamine-induced skin wheals has been report... more The duration of inhibitory effect of terfenadine on histamine-induced skin wheals has been reported differently by different workers. The present study was carried out to study the duration of inhibitory effect of terfenadine on histamine-induced skin wheals. In nine normal, healthy adult volunteers, baseline skin reactivity was established by performing intradermal skin tests with histamine and normal saline on three consecutive days. The effect of two regimens of terfenadine was evaluated: 1-day treatment with 60 mg bid and 1-week treatment with the same dosage. Skin tests were performed every day following the treatment until the wheal size had recovered to within 90% of the baseline value. The mean duration of inhibition with the 1-day treatment was 70.66 +/- 17.47 hours while that following the 1-week treatment was 78.66 +/- 20.00 hours (P less than .05). The inhibition was about 40% at 24 hours and 17% at 48 hours with 1-day treatment while it was 37% and 18%, respectively, with 1-week treatment. In individual subjects, the duration of inhibitory effect varied from 36 to 84 hours with 1-day treatment and 60 to 108 hours with 1-week treatment. The study showed that terfenadine has no significant cumulative antihistaminic effect on repeated dosing. It is suggested that terfenadine should be stopped at least three days before performing skin tests for type I hypersensitivity.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

Mastitis is one of the leading pathological condition of udder of cattle and buffaloes, which lea... more Mastitis is one of the leading pathological condition of udder of cattle and buffaloes, which leads to decrease in quality and quantity of milk. Various bacterial, fungal and viral agents affect udder containing milk, leading to contagious and environmental mastitis based on route of entry into udder and teat canal. Subclinical mastitis can be controlled without antibiotic whereas its use is warranted in clinical mastitis. Outcome of treatment depends on various factors like host immune response, type of causative agent and stage of detection of infection. Prolonged treatment may be required for bacteria like Staphylococcus, which may even leads to loss of quarter in severe cases and development of antibiotic resistance. Proper education of farmer regarding hygiene condition can help in reduction of incidence and hence keeping milk production to the optimum level.