Pamela Vandiver - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Archaeological Science by Pamela Vandiver
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1047, 2007
Excavations at Godin Tepe-a Bronze Age site in the Kangavar Valley of the west-central region of ... more Excavations at Godin Tepe-a Bronze Age site in the Kangavar Valley of the west-central region of Iran-yielded a metal assemblage of 202 artifacts of which 91 are curated at the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada. The assemblage consists of decorative objects (figurines, vessels, bracelets, rings, needles, pins) as well as weapons and tools (chisels, blades, daggers, and projectile points). Secondary dendrite arm spacing was measured on polished and etched metallographic sections of the eight samples that display cast structures. Cooling rates were calculated base on these measurements along with the average composition of the metal. Comparison to reference data shows that these cooling rates group into ranges typical of quenched and furnace cooled environments. In addition, the maximum temperatures reached during smelting and casting were estimated based on the microstructure and composition of technical ceramics and slag fragments. Composition and microstructure information was obtained for these artifacts with the use of scanning electron microscopy and electron beam microprobe.
Papers by Pamela Vandiver
Thirty-four gold solidi coins and two pairs of gold/jewel earrings were discovered at an archaeol... more Thirty-four gold solidi coins and two pairs of gold/jewel earrings were discovered at an archaeological site in Jordan, Tell Nimrin. The coins have stamped images of six late Roman/early Byzantine emperors who reigned from 346 AD to 518 AD. These objects were analyzed by X-ray radiography, SEMEDS and density measurements to fmd the gold content for comparison with other coins of that period to support their authenticity and to see whether debasement of coinage had occurred. The average surface gold content was found by EDS to be 98. I wt %--typical of the period--but the bulk content calculated from density values was 1 to 3 wt % lower. The reason offered is that when a molten gold-copper or gold-silver alloy solidifies, the region in contact with the blank coin mold freezes first and is gold-enriched. Small “silvery” specks were observed on the obverse (“heads”) side of several coins and found by EDS to be Os-Ir-Ru alloys, which come from placer mining and indicate that the gold al...
Country: United States, 1986
... Ceramic Society Symposium on ceramic history and archaeology Meeting Location: Cincinnati Mee... more ... Ceramic Society Symposium on ceramic history and archaeology Meeting Location: Cincinnati Meeting Country: United States Meeting Date: 19850506 CODEN: CECIEM Subject Keywords English: amphora structure;ceramic firing;stylistic analysis -- CAL Subject Geog Name ...
The 84th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, 2019
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 1983
The 80th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, 2015
Materials Research Society eBooks, 2005
This 2005 book is devoted to presenting interdisciplinary research used to characterize cultural ... more This 2005 book is devoted to presenting interdisciplinary research used to characterize cultural materials; the technologies by which materials are transformed into objects and artifacts and the science underlying their deterioration, preservation and conservation. These studies use materials research to understand degradation and promote long-term preservation of material culture and cultural heritage, e.g., works of art, culturally significant artifacts, and archaeological sites. Preserving cultural heritage extends beyond artifact preservation to developing a critical understanding of how ancient people used technology and craft to solve problems of survival and organization and to make symbols or representations of what was important to them. This book gives evidence of collaborations among researchers in museums, universities and national laboratories, and among fields as disparate as Raman spectroscopy, strontium isotope analysis or the materials and mechanics of mounting photographs. Topics include: conservation science; technical art history; archaeological science; methodology and instrumentation and application innovations.
Materials Research Society eBooks, 1995
... colonial periodcoloniescolourcomparative studiescomparative studycomparisoncongresses conserv... more ... colonial periodcoloniescolourcomparative studiescomparative studycomparisoncongresses conservationcontextcosta ricacretecross ... Related research. Organic Materials in Art and Archaeology. Maria Perla Colombini, Francesca Modugno in ... First name. Last name. E-mail ...
MRS Proceedings, 1996
An excavation at Khirbet edh-Dharih implemented by the Institut Franqais D'Archa~ologie du Proche... more An excavation at Khirbet edh-Dharih implemented by the Institut Franqais D'Archa~ologie du Proche-Ori~nt brought forth a few archaeometallurgical remains such as lumps of bronze, slags, and refractory ceramic fragments. Khirbet edh-Dharih is located in Jordan, near the Feinan area at Wadi Arabah. The Feinan area is well known as a major supplier of copper in the Near East's history from the Chalcolithic to the Roman period. The remains from Khirbet edh-Dharih were dated from the Iron Age II, and they are pointing to a workshop for further treatment of copper from Feinan. Khirbet edh-Dharih is the first bronze melting site excavated in the Feinan copper district.
Archaeometry, Oct 1, 2009
Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a new method for ceramics research, is a non-destructive, thr... more Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a new method for ceramics research, is a non-destructive, three-dimensional tomography system, which provides subsurface morphology visualization of samples based on the refractive index or dielectric constant differences in the target specimen. In this study, seven shards from different Chinese kilns of Song and Yuan dynasties (10-14th centuries) were scanned to visualize the subsurface morphology of their glazes. The images revealed unique phase assemblage modes in different samples. The results suggest that OCT may be used to identify ceramics and provide information about their manufacturing technology.
MRS Proceedings, 1988
In archaeological studies of ceramic materials, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are neede... more In archaeological studies of ceramic materials, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are needed to better understand the nature and evolution of ceramic fabrication techniques [1] and even to authenticate ancient ceramics [2]. The desired data are similar to those sought in modern fine ceramics, especially advanced structural ceramics [3]. X-ray imaging technologies, developed to characterize structural ceramics, were applied to three samples, a modern and two archaeological ceramics, in order to obtain fabrication information. They were imaged using various X-ray image receivers: electrostatic receivers (Xeroradiography Xerox 125 and 175, Xerox Medical Systems, Pasadena CA), photostimulable phosphors (Fuji Photo Film Co., Japan, 1985 Prototype System FCR-101), and high-resolution industrial X-ray film (Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.). Ultrasound and dye penetrants had failed to reveal methods of manufacture in the ancient ceramics because of their highly porous fabric (1).
MRS Proceedings, 1996
Common processes used in glazed ceramic production often result in a glaze with a heterogeneous m... more Common processes used in glazed ceramic production often result in a glaze with a heterogeneous microstructure. Heterogeneities may be due to residual batch materials, intentionally added colorants and opacifiers and/or the products of devitrification and phase separation. To study the effect of heterogeneities in the corrosion process, dynamic imaging microellipsometry was used in-situ in aqueous solutions to measure spatially and temporally resolved changes in the surface of glasses (model glazes). The measurements showed increased durability near inclusions. Residual stress fields surrounding the heterogeneities influenced the results. Decoupling of chemical and mechanical factors causing this increased durability was not possible.
MRS Proceedings, 1995
In this paper we describe the analysis of ceramic artifacts with a new type of three dimensional ... more In this paper we describe the analysis of ceramic artifacts with a new type of three dimensional x-ray microscopy which can have micron spatial resolution. The x-ray microscopy is based on a microtomographic technique which reconstructs the three dimensional structure of millimeter sized specimens from high resolution digital radiographs of the specimens taken from several hundred different view angles. When the high resolution radiographs are taken with a monoenergetic x-ray beam from a synchrotron source, each volume element (voxel) in the reconstructed data set is quantitatively the x-ray opacity of the equivalent volume in the specimen. Typical reconstructed data sets contain more than 106 voxels and are rendered using computer visualization techniques. Specimens can be nondestructively analyzed so long as they are small enough to fit into the area of the x-ray beam imaged by the detector. We have applied x-ray microtomographic analysis both to a shard specimen taken from a Jun bowl and to a modern ash glaze and show examples of the structure of glazes on these ceramics; interfaces between the glaze and underlying ceramic bodies; and the porosity of ceramic bodies.
MRS Proceedings, 2017
In the original publication of Frame et al.[1], the numerical values in Figs. 1 and 2 on pp. 48-4... more In the original publication of Frame et al.[1], the numerical values in Figs. 1 and 2 on pp. 48-49 were not legible. The authors apologize to the readers and provide updated figures below.
Journal of Non-crystalline Solids, 1983
Abstract Additions of Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O or K 2 O all lower the immiscibility temperature for liqu... more Abstract Additions of Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O or K 2 O all lower the immiscibility temperature for liquid-liquid phase separation in the CaOSiO 2 system as the region of immiscibility is extended into the ternary field. Simultaneous additions of K 2 O and Al 2 O 3 or of Na 2 O and Al 2 O 3 are found to further extend the compositional region of immiscibility which reaches a maximum with equimolar additions of alkali and alumina. These results are attributed to the ability of KAlO 2 or NaAlO 2 units to substitute for SiO 2 in the liquid structure. As a consequence of liquid-liquid immiscibility, wollastonite crystallizes from the calcia-rich liquid phase. STEM analysis has been applied to the phase-separated glasses to determine the approximate K 2 OAl 2 O 3 ratio and overall composition of each phase to locate tie-lines for the liquid-liquid immiscibility. The tie lines are roughly parallel to the CaOSiO 2 join.
Materials Research Society eBooks, 1992
Close Document Image Close Document Printer Image Print This Document! Conservation Information N... more Close Document Image Close Document Printer Image Print This Document! Conservation Information Network (BCIN). Author: Freestone, Ian C. Editor: Vandiver, Pamela B.; Druzik, James R.; Wheeler, George Segan; Freestone ...
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1047, 2007
Excavations at Godin Tepe-a Bronze Age site in the Kangavar Valley of the west-central region of ... more Excavations at Godin Tepe-a Bronze Age site in the Kangavar Valley of the west-central region of Iran-yielded a metal assemblage of 202 artifacts of which 91 are curated at the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada. The assemblage consists of decorative objects (figurines, vessels, bracelets, rings, needles, pins) as well as weapons and tools (chisels, blades, daggers, and projectile points). Secondary dendrite arm spacing was measured on polished and etched metallographic sections of the eight samples that display cast structures. Cooling rates were calculated base on these measurements along with the average composition of the metal. Comparison to reference data shows that these cooling rates group into ranges typical of quenched and furnace cooled environments. In addition, the maximum temperatures reached during smelting and casting were estimated based on the microstructure and composition of technical ceramics and slag fragments. Composition and microstructure information was obtained for these artifacts with the use of scanning electron microscopy and electron beam microprobe.
Thirty-four gold solidi coins and two pairs of gold/jewel earrings were discovered at an archaeol... more Thirty-four gold solidi coins and two pairs of gold/jewel earrings were discovered at an archaeological site in Jordan, Tell Nimrin. The coins have stamped images of six late Roman/early Byzantine emperors who reigned from 346 AD to 518 AD. These objects were analyzed by X-ray radiography, SEMEDS and density measurements to fmd the gold content for comparison with other coins of that period to support their authenticity and to see whether debasement of coinage had occurred. The average surface gold content was found by EDS to be 98. I wt %--typical of the period--but the bulk content calculated from density values was 1 to 3 wt % lower. The reason offered is that when a molten gold-copper or gold-silver alloy solidifies, the region in contact with the blank coin mold freezes first and is gold-enriched. Small “silvery” specks were observed on the obverse (“heads”) side of several coins and found by EDS to be Os-Ir-Ru alloys, which come from placer mining and indicate that the gold al...
Country: United States, 1986
... Ceramic Society Symposium on ceramic history and archaeology Meeting Location: Cincinnati Mee... more ... Ceramic Society Symposium on ceramic history and archaeology Meeting Location: Cincinnati Meeting Country: United States Meeting Date: 19850506 CODEN: CECIEM Subject Keywords English: amphora structure;ceramic firing;stylistic analysis -- CAL Subject Geog Name ...
The 84th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, 2019
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 1983
The 80th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, 2015
Materials Research Society eBooks, 2005
This 2005 book is devoted to presenting interdisciplinary research used to characterize cultural ... more This 2005 book is devoted to presenting interdisciplinary research used to characterize cultural materials; the technologies by which materials are transformed into objects and artifacts and the science underlying their deterioration, preservation and conservation. These studies use materials research to understand degradation and promote long-term preservation of material culture and cultural heritage, e.g., works of art, culturally significant artifacts, and archaeological sites. Preserving cultural heritage extends beyond artifact preservation to developing a critical understanding of how ancient people used technology and craft to solve problems of survival and organization and to make symbols or representations of what was important to them. This book gives evidence of collaborations among researchers in museums, universities and national laboratories, and among fields as disparate as Raman spectroscopy, strontium isotope analysis or the materials and mechanics of mounting photographs. Topics include: conservation science; technical art history; archaeological science; methodology and instrumentation and application innovations.
Materials Research Society eBooks, 1995
... colonial periodcoloniescolourcomparative studiescomparative studycomparisoncongresses conserv... more ... colonial periodcoloniescolourcomparative studiescomparative studycomparisoncongresses conservationcontextcosta ricacretecross ... Related research. Organic Materials in Art and Archaeology. Maria Perla Colombini, Francesca Modugno in ... First name. Last name. E-mail ...
MRS Proceedings, 1996
An excavation at Khirbet edh-Dharih implemented by the Institut Franqais D'Archa~ologie du Proche... more An excavation at Khirbet edh-Dharih implemented by the Institut Franqais D'Archa~ologie du Proche-Ori~nt brought forth a few archaeometallurgical remains such as lumps of bronze, slags, and refractory ceramic fragments. Khirbet edh-Dharih is located in Jordan, near the Feinan area at Wadi Arabah. The Feinan area is well known as a major supplier of copper in the Near East's history from the Chalcolithic to the Roman period. The remains from Khirbet edh-Dharih were dated from the Iron Age II, and they are pointing to a workshop for further treatment of copper from Feinan. Khirbet edh-Dharih is the first bronze melting site excavated in the Feinan copper district.
Archaeometry, Oct 1, 2009
Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a new method for ceramics research, is a non-destructive, thr... more Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a new method for ceramics research, is a non-destructive, three-dimensional tomography system, which provides subsurface morphology visualization of samples based on the refractive index or dielectric constant differences in the target specimen. In this study, seven shards from different Chinese kilns of Song and Yuan dynasties (10-14th centuries) were scanned to visualize the subsurface morphology of their glazes. The images revealed unique phase assemblage modes in different samples. The results suggest that OCT may be used to identify ceramics and provide information about their manufacturing technology.
MRS Proceedings, 1988
In archaeological studies of ceramic materials, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are neede... more In archaeological studies of ceramic materials, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are needed to better understand the nature and evolution of ceramic fabrication techniques [1] and even to authenticate ancient ceramics [2]. The desired data are similar to those sought in modern fine ceramics, especially advanced structural ceramics [3]. X-ray imaging technologies, developed to characterize structural ceramics, were applied to three samples, a modern and two archaeological ceramics, in order to obtain fabrication information. They were imaged using various X-ray image receivers: electrostatic receivers (Xeroradiography Xerox 125 and 175, Xerox Medical Systems, Pasadena CA), photostimulable phosphors (Fuji Photo Film Co., Japan, 1985 Prototype System FCR-101), and high-resolution industrial X-ray film (Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.). Ultrasound and dye penetrants had failed to reveal methods of manufacture in the ancient ceramics because of their highly porous fabric (1).
MRS Proceedings, 1996
Common processes used in glazed ceramic production often result in a glaze with a heterogeneous m... more Common processes used in glazed ceramic production often result in a glaze with a heterogeneous microstructure. Heterogeneities may be due to residual batch materials, intentionally added colorants and opacifiers and/or the products of devitrification and phase separation. To study the effect of heterogeneities in the corrosion process, dynamic imaging microellipsometry was used in-situ in aqueous solutions to measure spatially and temporally resolved changes in the surface of glasses (model glazes). The measurements showed increased durability near inclusions. Residual stress fields surrounding the heterogeneities influenced the results. Decoupling of chemical and mechanical factors causing this increased durability was not possible.
MRS Proceedings, 1995
In this paper we describe the analysis of ceramic artifacts with a new type of three dimensional ... more In this paper we describe the analysis of ceramic artifacts with a new type of three dimensional x-ray microscopy which can have micron spatial resolution. The x-ray microscopy is based on a microtomographic technique which reconstructs the three dimensional structure of millimeter sized specimens from high resolution digital radiographs of the specimens taken from several hundred different view angles. When the high resolution radiographs are taken with a monoenergetic x-ray beam from a synchrotron source, each volume element (voxel) in the reconstructed data set is quantitatively the x-ray opacity of the equivalent volume in the specimen. Typical reconstructed data sets contain more than 106 voxels and are rendered using computer visualization techniques. Specimens can be nondestructively analyzed so long as they are small enough to fit into the area of the x-ray beam imaged by the detector. We have applied x-ray microtomographic analysis both to a shard specimen taken from a Jun bowl and to a modern ash glaze and show examples of the structure of glazes on these ceramics; interfaces between the glaze and underlying ceramic bodies; and the porosity of ceramic bodies.
MRS Proceedings, 2017
In the original publication of Frame et al.[1], the numerical values in Figs. 1 and 2 on pp. 48-4... more In the original publication of Frame et al.[1], the numerical values in Figs. 1 and 2 on pp. 48-49 were not legible. The authors apologize to the readers and provide updated figures below.
Journal of Non-crystalline Solids, 1983
Abstract Additions of Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O or K 2 O all lower the immiscibility temperature for liqu... more Abstract Additions of Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O or K 2 O all lower the immiscibility temperature for liquid-liquid phase separation in the CaOSiO 2 system as the region of immiscibility is extended into the ternary field. Simultaneous additions of K 2 O and Al 2 O 3 or of Na 2 O and Al 2 O 3 are found to further extend the compositional region of immiscibility which reaches a maximum with equimolar additions of alkali and alumina. These results are attributed to the ability of KAlO 2 or NaAlO 2 units to substitute for SiO 2 in the liquid structure. As a consequence of liquid-liquid immiscibility, wollastonite crystallizes from the calcia-rich liquid phase. STEM analysis has been applied to the phase-separated glasses to determine the approximate K 2 OAl 2 O 3 ratio and overall composition of each phase to locate tie-lines for the liquid-liquid immiscibility. The tie lines are roughly parallel to the CaOSiO 2 join.
Materials Research Society eBooks, 1992
Close Document Image Close Document Printer Image Print This Document! Conservation Information N... more Close Document Image Close Document Printer Image Print This Document! Conservation Information Network (BCIN). Author: Freestone, Ian C. Editor: Vandiver, Pamela B.; Druzik, James R.; Wheeler, George Segan; Freestone ...
Kerma Faience , 1982
These are illustrations to the draft article on Kerma Faience