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Papers by Panid Borhanjoo

Research paper thumbnail of the effectiveness and required precautions involved with Baclofen usage and enhancement of abstinence in population with alcohol-induced liver disease

Research paper thumbnail of Crohn's disease: Pathobiochemistry and Genetics

Research paper thumbnail of Mammography efficacy as a screening tool for breast cancer detection and the 2009 change in USPSTF screening policies

The purpose of this article is to analyze the scientific evidence behind the recommendations made... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the scientific evidence behind the recommendations made by the United States Preventive services Task force (USPSTF). Before carrying on the research required in regards to the topic of interest, it was hypothesized that the new USPSTF recommendation of mammography screening once every two years starting at age 50 is more superior compared to the old recommendation of screening annually starting at age 40. Before updating the 2002 recommendation, USPSTF analyzed the evidence on the efficiency of five screening modalities in cutting down the death rate from breast cancer: digital mammography, breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, film mammography, and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). The team carried out two researches: 1) a taxonomic examination of six chosen questions pertaining to the harms and benefits of screening, and 2) a determination analysis that utilized population modeling to liken the anticipated health outcomes and the requirements of beginning and ending screening at different levels and using yearly versus biyearly screening intervals (Nelson, Tyne, Naik et al. 2009). It is from this pool of data that the panel reversed their earlier 2002-mammography screening recommendations and gave new mammography screening recommendations. The earlier recommendations, which were in conjunction with those of American Cancer Society (ACS), advocated for a 1-2 year regular screen of women below 40 years of age to detect instances of breast cancer. However, the new recommendations championed for an overhaul of the previous frequency and the age limit. The body recommended against screening mammography in women between 40 and 49 years and advocated for a biennial screening for women between 50 and 74 years. The recommendations by USPSTF have attracted many sharp reactions among various health organs and health care providers, especially the American College of Radiology (ACR). ACS, for instance, distanced the move and swore to stick to the older recommendations from 2002. According to USPSTF, data collected from eleven years of randomized controlled trials, an estimated 1,904 women aged 39-49 would need to be vetted to extend the life of a single woman from breast cancer. Comparing this to 1339 women in their 50s and 377 women in their 60s demonstrated as to why USPSTF altered the mammography recommendations in terms of frequency and age bracket. The comparison was meant to determine the balance between the benefits and harms of screening women in various age limits. Women in their fifties and sixties benefitted more than in their forties (Nelson, Ty ne, Bougatsos et al. 2009). This is to say that those of 50 years and above form a reasonable age group as the efficiency of the mammography increases with increase in age.
The paper starts by introducing the breast cancer and its need for mammography screening. It goes on to give an account of the methods used by USPSTF to source the information that informed their decision. After the research criteria, a summary of the research findings is provided, which open a new path for discussion and interpretation of the results. The results will then be used to discuss whether the hypothesis that the new USPSTF recommendation is more superior to old recommendation is valid or not. The paper completes by giving a bibliographical list of all the references used in the paper.

Research paper thumbnail of the effectiveness and required precautions involved with Baclofen usage and enhancement of abstinence in population with alcohol-induced liver disease

Research paper thumbnail of Crohn's disease: Pathobiochemistry and Genetics

Research paper thumbnail of Mammography efficacy as a screening tool for breast cancer detection and the 2009 change in USPSTF screening policies

The purpose of this article is to analyze the scientific evidence behind the recommendations made... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the scientific evidence behind the recommendations made by the United States Preventive services Task force (USPSTF). Before carrying on the research required in regards to the topic of interest, it was hypothesized that the new USPSTF recommendation of mammography screening once every two years starting at age 50 is more superior compared to the old recommendation of screening annually starting at age 40. Before updating the 2002 recommendation, USPSTF analyzed the evidence on the efficiency of five screening modalities in cutting down the death rate from breast cancer: digital mammography, breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, film mammography, and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). The team carried out two researches: 1) a taxonomic examination of six chosen questions pertaining to the harms and benefits of screening, and 2) a determination analysis that utilized population modeling to liken the anticipated health outcomes and the requirements of beginning and ending screening at different levels and using yearly versus biyearly screening intervals (Nelson, Tyne, Naik et al. 2009). It is from this pool of data that the panel reversed their earlier 2002-mammography screening recommendations and gave new mammography screening recommendations. The earlier recommendations, which were in conjunction with those of American Cancer Society (ACS), advocated for a 1-2 year regular screen of women below 40 years of age to detect instances of breast cancer. However, the new recommendations championed for an overhaul of the previous frequency and the age limit. The body recommended against screening mammography in women between 40 and 49 years and advocated for a biennial screening for women between 50 and 74 years. The recommendations by USPSTF have attracted many sharp reactions among various health organs and health care providers, especially the American College of Radiology (ACR). ACS, for instance, distanced the move and swore to stick to the older recommendations from 2002. According to USPSTF, data collected from eleven years of randomized controlled trials, an estimated 1,904 women aged 39-49 would need to be vetted to extend the life of a single woman from breast cancer. Comparing this to 1339 women in their 50s and 377 women in their 60s demonstrated as to why USPSTF altered the mammography recommendations in terms of frequency and age bracket. The comparison was meant to determine the balance between the benefits and harms of screening women in various age limits. Women in their fifties and sixties benefitted more than in their forties (Nelson, Ty ne, Bougatsos et al. 2009). This is to say that those of 50 years and above form a reasonable age group as the efficiency of the mammography increases with increase in age.
The paper starts by introducing the breast cancer and its need for mammography screening. It goes on to give an account of the methods used by USPSTF to source the information that informed their decision. After the research criteria, a summary of the research findings is provided, which open a new path for discussion and interpretation of the results. The results will then be used to discuss whether the hypothesis that the new USPSTF recommendation is more superior to old recommendation is valid or not. The paper completes by giving a bibliographical list of all the references used in the paper.