Pascal Prelaud - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Pascal Prelaud
Current Dermatology Reports, 2020
Purpose of Review Understanding the origin and shaping the current knowledge of canine atopic der... more Purpose of Review Understanding the origin and shaping the current knowledge of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) with an emphasis on its similarities and differences with its human counterpart, human atopic dermatitis (hAD), has been the purpose of this study. Recent Finding Fundamental research on the ethiopathogenesis and recent specific therapeutic findings have gradually reclassified cAD from a single disease to a multifactorial syndrome. Summary From first being referred to as "red mange" or "canine eczema" in a dog reacting to ragweed pollen, cAD has then been considered to be the canine counterpart of hAD. Both conditions share comparable historical discoveries as well as treatment evolutions such as skin barrier defects, the use of cyclosporine, proactive topical corticosteroids, or recent use of biotherapies. More recent discoveries have however shown some fundamental differences between both conditions such as the place of flea infestation and Malassezia infections in the dog or the hygiene theory in human. As in human medicine*, cAD is also a source of conceptual and nosological remaining controversies.
Veterinary dermatology, 2017
Atopic dogs with hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) have IgE recognizing high mole... more Atopic dogs with hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) have IgE recognizing high molecular weight (MW) allergens more often than the low MW Der f 1 and 2. A new high MW Df allergen, Zen-1, has been identified recently. To determine the IgE reactivity of American and European Df-hypersensitive dogs to Zen-1, Der f 1 and Der f 2. We tested sera from 33 Df-reactive dogs from the USA, 29 from Europe and 15 experimentally sensitized to Df, by ELISA against crude Df, Der f 1, Der f 2 and Zen-1. ELISA inhibition was performed with sera reactive to Zen-1. Intradermal testing (IDT) was also done with the same allergens in 25 other American atopic dogs. Altogether, IgE seropositivity to Zen-1 was more prevalent (86%) than that to Der f 1 (17%) or Der f 2 (19%). The IgE reactivity to Zen-1 was correlated to that against crude Df; this allergen alone inhibited a high percentage (median: 50%; range: 22-84%) of the binding to the crude mite extract. The seropositivity to low MW allerg...
Le Point Veterinaire Revue D Enseignement Post Universitaie Et De Formation Permanente, 2007
Depuis quelques annees, une augmentation de l'incidence de l'ichtyose cutanee, trouble he... more Depuis quelques annees, une augmentation de l'incidence de l'ichtyose cutanee, trouble hereditaire de la corneogenese caracterise par l'accumulation de squames, est observee chez le golden retriever. La pathogenie et la caracterisation des genes impliques sont en cours de recherche. Les signes cliniques sont des squames brun-gris adherents au pelage, une peau hyperpigmentee, plissee, avec un aspect rugueux. L'evolution de la maladie est cyclique. A l'examen histopathologique, une hyperkeratose est presente, a la surface de l'epiderme et dans les infundibula. Le traitement est symptomatique et adapte a l'extension des lesions. Lors d'ichtyose cutanee etendue avec des repercussions sur la vie de l'animal (pyodermite recidivante, prurit), des retinoides de synthese peuvent etre prescrits.
Le Point Veterinaire Revue D Enseignement Post Universitaie Et De Formation Permanente, 2006
Point Veterinaire, 2010
▶ La pathologie infectieuse est un domaine particulierement riche de la medecine feline. Si la na... more ▶ La pathologie infectieuse est un domaine particulierement riche de la medecine feline. Si la nature infectieuse d'une maladie est souvent suspectee sur la base d'elements epidemiologiques et cliniques, il est necessaire d'en confirmer l'origine et l'etiologie precises. Cela permet ensuite de mettre en place une therapie adaptee, des mesures prophylactiques en collectivite ou encore de proteger l'interet du proprietaire lorsqu'il s'agit d'un animal acquis recemment. ▶ De nombreux outils diagnostiques sont disponibles. Certains sont utilisables en quelques minutes dans le cadre de la consultation et d'autres necessitent le recours a un laboratoire d'analyses veterinaires.
Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France, 2007
La dermatite atopique canine est une dermatite prurigineuse liée à une prédisposition génétique à... more La dermatite atopique canine est une dermatite prurigineuse liée à une prédisposition génétique à développer des réactions d’allergie vis-à-vis d’antigènes environnementaux. Il existe une très forte prédisposition raciale, ainsi que des variations phénotypiques de l’expression de la maladie selon les races de chien. À l’heure actuelle, le déterminisme génétique de l’expression clinique de la dermatite atopique canine est peu exploré. L’utilisation de critères diagnostiques consensuels va permettre de développer des recherches. Celles-ci sont d’autant plus intéressantes dans cette espèce que contrairement à l’homme, le chien ne présente pas d’autres maladies allergiques chroniques ni de psoriasis. C’est donc un modèle animal intéressant pour étudier les gènes impliqués dans la genèse de la dermatite atopique en elle-même. Le travail de criblage génomique est facilité par la grande homogénéité génétique des races de chiens et la fréquence de la maladie dans certaines races (bouledogue...
Small Animal Dermatology Secrets, 2004
Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie, 2011
The authors make recommendations for the optimal use of topical glucocorticoids in routine practi... more The authors make recommendations for the optimal use of topical glucocorticoids in routine practice based on their experience in canine dermatology and evidence from the literature. The rationale behind the use of topical glucocorticoids is recalled, as are the main factors to consider in the selection of the appropriate product from current therapeutic armamentarium, taking into account notably the anti-inflammatory power and side effects of glucocorticoid compounds, their percutenous penetration and absorption, as well as available veterinary presentations. The specific circumstances and instructions for use of topical glucocorticoids are developed in each of their main indications (atopic dermatitis, flea allergy dermatitis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, auto-immune dermatitis, perianal fistulas), as are recalled the limits to their use and potential side effects, underlining the need for proper education of the owner and good therapeutic monitoring of the patient.
BMC veterinary research, Jan 16, 2015
In 2010, the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis (now International Committee on... more In 2010, the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis (now International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals, ICADA) published the first consensus guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. This is the first 5-year minor update of this document. The treatment of acute flares of AD should involve the search for, and then elimination of, the cause of the flares, bathing with mild shampoos, and controlling pruritus and skin lesions with interventions that include topical and/or oral glucocorticoids or oclacitinib. For chronic canine AD, the first steps in management are the identification and avoidance of flare factors, as well as ensuring that there is adequate skin and coat hygiene and care; this might include more frequent bathing and possibly increasing essential fatty acid intake. The medications currently most effective in reducing chronic pruritus and skin lesions are topical and oral glucocorticoids, oral ciclosporin, oral oclacitinib, and...
BMC Veterinary Research, 2015
Background: Restrictive (i.e. elimination)-provocation dietary trials remain the standard of care... more Background: Restrictive (i.e. elimination)-provocation dietary trials remain the standard of care to diagnose cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs) in dogs and cats. There is currently no consensus on the duration of elimination diet trials that would permit the highest sensitivity of diagnosis of CAFR in companion animals. Results: The search for, and review and analysis of the best evidence available as of December 14, 2014 suggests that, by 5 weeks in dogs and 6 weeks in cats after starting an elimination diet, more than 80 % of patients had achieved a remission of clinical signs of CAFR. Increasing the diet trial duration to 8 weeks leads to a complete remission in more than 90 % of dogs and cats with CAFR. Conclusions: For diagnosing CAFRs in more than 90 % of dogs and cats, elimination diet trials should last at least 8 weeks.
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 1990
Canine allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) reportedly is uncommon. This hypersensitivity disorder r... more Canine allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) reportedly is uncommon. This hypersensitivity disorder represents only 1% to 10% of all canine dermatologic referral cases, 7 • 15 • 16 • 21 • 22 a much lower percentage than in human dermatology. The low incidence in the dog could be explained by natural protection provided by the canine hair coat, by the fact that dogs rarely contact potent allergens such as cosmetics and industrial chemicals, or by the paucity of diagnostic methods available for testing for contact allergy in small animals. New standardized patch tests have recently provided better means of diagnosis and, thus, increased recognition of canine ACD. 17 • 22 New discoveries regarding the immunologic effects of contact allergens and the pathogenesis of the dermatitis have led to better understanding of this condition. PRINCIPLES Pathomechanisms of ACD Allergic contact dermatitis is considered a typical delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction to low-molecular-weight substances (haptens), which become immunogenic only after binding to a carrier protein in the skin. The three critical factors in the development of ACD are (1) haptens (allergens), (2) specialized antigen-presenting cells in the skin (Langerhans cells), and (3) T lymphocytes (Fig. 1).
Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie, 2008
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:
EMC - Vétérinaire, 2005
Resume La dermatite atopique canine est une dermatite prurigineuse chronique corticosensible, car... more Resume La dermatite atopique canine est une dermatite prurigineuse chronique corticosensible, caracterisee par une atteinte des membres et de la face, et une predisposition aux allergies aux aeroallergenes. Le diagnostic repose sur l’eviction des causes parasitaires de prurit et l’observation de cinq criteres majeurs : debut des symptomes entre 6 mois et 3 ans, corticosensibilite du prurit, erytheme peribuccal, pododermatite erythemateuse anterieure, otite bilaterale externe, meme discrete. Le diagnostic des complications infectieuses bacteriennes et fongiques est indispensable pour la prise en charge therapeutique. Le diagnostic allergologique repose sur la mise en place d’un regime hypoallergenique et de tests allergologiques (immunoglobulines E specifiques d’aeroallergenes ou intradermoreactions). Le traitement d’une poussee de dermatite atopique repose essentiellement sur le controle des complications infectieuses et une courte corticotherapie. Le traitement de fond est tres variable et adapte au cas par cas selon les principales causes de prurit : desensibilisation, ciclosporine A, acides gras essentiels, herbes chinoises, soins topiques (shampooings, corticoides, tacrolimus), controle antiparasitaire strict.
Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2014
Abstract Actinic keratosis is well described in humans, dogs, and cats as a precancerous skin gro... more Abstract Actinic keratosis is well described in humans, dogs, and cats as a precancerous skin growth caused by ultraviolet light–induced DNA damage. This report describes a case of early actinic keratosis in a 6-year-old rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ). On dermatological examination, erythema and yellow adherent scales were observed on the external aspect of the pinnae. Mild pruritus was also present on the initial presentation. Histopathology revealed segmental epidermal hyperplasia with loss of polarity in the basal layer. Mild nuclear atypia and marked orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis were present. The superficial dermis had marked reticular fibrosis with thickening of collagen fibrils. Topical treatment with diclofenac resulted in clinical resolution of the disease.
Veterinary Dermatology, 1995
Veterinary Dermatology, 2007
Current Dermatology Reports, 2020
Purpose of Review Understanding the origin and shaping the current knowledge of canine atopic der... more Purpose of Review Understanding the origin and shaping the current knowledge of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) with an emphasis on its similarities and differences with its human counterpart, human atopic dermatitis (hAD), has been the purpose of this study. Recent Finding Fundamental research on the ethiopathogenesis and recent specific therapeutic findings have gradually reclassified cAD from a single disease to a multifactorial syndrome. Summary From first being referred to as "red mange" or "canine eczema" in a dog reacting to ragweed pollen, cAD has then been considered to be the canine counterpart of hAD. Both conditions share comparable historical discoveries as well as treatment evolutions such as skin barrier defects, the use of cyclosporine, proactive topical corticosteroids, or recent use of biotherapies. More recent discoveries have however shown some fundamental differences between both conditions such as the place of flea infestation and Malassezia infections in the dog or the hygiene theory in human. As in human medicine*, cAD is also a source of conceptual and nosological remaining controversies.
Veterinary dermatology, 2017
Atopic dogs with hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) have IgE recognizing high mole... more Atopic dogs with hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) have IgE recognizing high molecular weight (MW) allergens more often than the low MW Der f 1 and 2. A new high MW Df allergen, Zen-1, has been identified recently. To determine the IgE reactivity of American and European Df-hypersensitive dogs to Zen-1, Der f 1 and Der f 2. We tested sera from 33 Df-reactive dogs from the USA, 29 from Europe and 15 experimentally sensitized to Df, by ELISA against crude Df, Der f 1, Der f 2 and Zen-1. ELISA inhibition was performed with sera reactive to Zen-1. Intradermal testing (IDT) was also done with the same allergens in 25 other American atopic dogs. Altogether, IgE seropositivity to Zen-1 was more prevalent (86%) than that to Der f 1 (17%) or Der f 2 (19%). The IgE reactivity to Zen-1 was correlated to that against crude Df; this allergen alone inhibited a high percentage (median: 50%; range: 22-84%) of the binding to the crude mite extract. The seropositivity to low MW allerg...
Le Point Veterinaire Revue D Enseignement Post Universitaie Et De Formation Permanente, 2007
Depuis quelques annees, une augmentation de l'incidence de l'ichtyose cutanee, trouble he... more Depuis quelques annees, une augmentation de l'incidence de l'ichtyose cutanee, trouble hereditaire de la corneogenese caracterise par l'accumulation de squames, est observee chez le golden retriever. La pathogenie et la caracterisation des genes impliques sont en cours de recherche. Les signes cliniques sont des squames brun-gris adherents au pelage, une peau hyperpigmentee, plissee, avec un aspect rugueux. L'evolution de la maladie est cyclique. A l'examen histopathologique, une hyperkeratose est presente, a la surface de l'epiderme et dans les infundibula. Le traitement est symptomatique et adapte a l'extension des lesions. Lors d'ichtyose cutanee etendue avec des repercussions sur la vie de l'animal (pyodermite recidivante, prurit), des retinoides de synthese peuvent etre prescrits.
Le Point Veterinaire Revue D Enseignement Post Universitaie Et De Formation Permanente, 2006
Point Veterinaire, 2010
▶ La pathologie infectieuse est un domaine particulierement riche de la medecine feline. Si la na... more ▶ La pathologie infectieuse est un domaine particulierement riche de la medecine feline. Si la nature infectieuse d'une maladie est souvent suspectee sur la base d'elements epidemiologiques et cliniques, il est necessaire d'en confirmer l'origine et l'etiologie precises. Cela permet ensuite de mettre en place une therapie adaptee, des mesures prophylactiques en collectivite ou encore de proteger l'interet du proprietaire lorsqu'il s'agit d'un animal acquis recemment. ▶ De nombreux outils diagnostiques sont disponibles. Certains sont utilisables en quelques minutes dans le cadre de la consultation et d'autres necessitent le recours a un laboratoire d'analyses veterinaires.
Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France, 2007
La dermatite atopique canine est une dermatite prurigineuse liée à une prédisposition génétique à... more La dermatite atopique canine est une dermatite prurigineuse liée à une prédisposition génétique à développer des réactions d’allergie vis-à-vis d’antigènes environnementaux. Il existe une très forte prédisposition raciale, ainsi que des variations phénotypiques de l’expression de la maladie selon les races de chien. À l’heure actuelle, le déterminisme génétique de l’expression clinique de la dermatite atopique canine est peu exploré. L’utilisation de critères diagnostiques consensuels va permettre de développer des recherches. Celles-ci sont d’autant plus intéressantes dans cette espèce que contrairement à l’homme, le chien ne présente pas d’autres maladies allergiques chroniques ni de psoriasis. C’est donc un modèle animal intéressant pour étudier les gènes impliqués dans la genèse de la dermatite atopique en elle-même. Le travail de criblage génomique est facilité par la grande homogénéité génétique des races de chiens et la fréquence de la maladie dans certaines races (bouledogue...
Small Animal Dermatology Secrets, 2004
Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie, 2011
The authors make recommendations for the optimal use of topical glucocorticoids in routine practi... more The authors make recommendations for the optimal use of topical glucocorticoids in routine practice based on their experience in canine dermatology and evidence from the literature. The rationale behind the use of topical glucocorticoids is recalled, as are the main factors to consider in the selection of the appropriate product from current therapeutic armamentarium, taking into account notably the anti-inflammatory power and side effects of glucocorticoid compounds, their percutenous penetration and absorption, as well as available veterinary presentations. The specific circumstances and instructions for use of topical glucocorticoids are developed in each of their main indications (atopic dermatitis, flea allergy dermatitis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, auto-immune dermatitis, perianal fistulas), as are recalled the limits to their use and potential side effects, underlining the need for proper education of the owner and good therapeutic monitoring of the patient.
BMC veterinary research, Jan 16, 2015
In 2010, the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis (now International Committee on... more In 2010, the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis (now International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals, ICADA) published the first consensus guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. This is the first 5-year minor update of this document. The treatment of acute flares of AD should involve the search for, and then elimination of, the cause of the flares, bathing with mild shampoos, and controlling pruritus and skin lesions with interventions that include topical and/or oral glucocorticoids or oclacitinib. For chronic canine AD, the first steps in management are the identification and avoidance of flare factors, as well as ensuring that there is adequate skin and coat hygiene and care; this might include more frequent bathing and possibly increasing essential fatty acid intake. The medications currently most effective in reducing chronic pruritus and skin lesions are topical and oral glucocorticoids, oral ciclosporin, oral oclacitinib, and...
BMC Veterinary Research, 2015
Background: Restrictive (i.e. elimination)-provocation dietary trials remain the standard of care... more Background: Restrictive (i.e. elimination)-provocation dietary trials remain the standard of care to diagnose cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs) in dogs and cats. There is currently no consensus on the duration of elimination diet trials that would permit the highest sensitivity of diagnosis of CAFR in companion animals. Results: The search for, and review and analysis of the best evidence available as of December 14, 2014 suggests that, by 5 weeks in dogs and 6 weeks in cats after starting an elimination diet, more than 80 % of patients had achieved a remission of clinical signs of CAFR. Increasing the diet trial duration to 8 weeks leads to a complete remission in more than 90 % of dogs and cats with CAFR. Conclusions: For diagnosing CAFRs in more than 90 % of dogs and cats, elimination diet trials should last at least 8 weeks.
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 1990
Canine allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) reportedly is uncommon. This hypersensitivity disorder r... more Canine allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) reportedly is uncommon. This hypersensitivity disorder represents only 1% to 10% of all canine dermatologic referral cases, 7 • 15 • 16 • 21 • 22 a much lower percentage than in human dermatology. The low incidence in the dog could be explained by natural protection provided by the canine hair coat, by the fact that dogs rarely contact potent allergens such as cosmetics and industrial chemicals, or by the paucity of diagnostic methods available for testing for contact allergy in small animals. New standardized patch tests have recently provided better means of diagnosis and, thus, increased recognition of canine ACD. 17 • 22 New discoveries regarding the immunologic effects of contact allergens and the pathogenesis of the dermatitis have led to better understanding of this condition. PRINCIPLES Pathomechanisms of ACD Allergic contact dermatitis is considered a typical delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction to low-molecular-weight substances (haptens), which become immunogenic only after binding to a carrier protein in the skin. The three critical factors in the development of ACD are (1) haptens (allergens), (2) specialized antigen-presenting cells in the skin (Langerhans cells), and (3) T lymphocytes (Fig. 1).
Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie, 2008
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:
EMC - Vétérinaire, 2005
Resume La dermatite atopique canine est une dermatite prurigineuse chronique corticosensible, car... more Resume La dermatite atopique canine est une dermatite prurigineuse chronique corticosensible, caracterisee par une atteinte des membres et de la face, et une predisposition aux allergies aux aeroallergenes. Le diagnostic repose sur l’eviction des causes parasitaires de prurit et l’observation de cinq criteres majeurs : debut des symptomes entre 6 mois et 3 ans, corticosensibilite du prurit, erytheme peribuccal, pododermatite erythemateuse anterieure, otite bilaterale externe, meme discrete. Le diagnostic des complications infectieuses bacteriennes et fongiques est indispensable pour la prise en charge therapeutique. Le diagnostic allergologique repose sur la mise en place d’un regime hypoallergenique et de tests allergologiques (immunoglobulines E specifiques d’aeroallergenes ou intradermoreactions). Le traitement d’une poussee de dermatite atopique repose essentiellement sur le controle des complications infectieuses et une courte corticotherapie. Le traitement de fond est tres variable et adapte au cas par cas selon les principales causes de prurit : desensibilisation, ciclosporine A, acides gras essentiels, herbes chinoises, soins topiques (shampooings, corticoides, tacrolimus), controle antiparasitaire strict.
Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2014
Abstract Actinic keratosis is well described in humans, dogs, and cats as a precancerous skin gro... more Abstract Actinic keratosis is well described in humans, dogs, and cats as a precancerous skin growth caused by ultraviolet light–induced DNA damage. This report describes a case of early actinic keratosis in a 6-year-old rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ). On dermatological examination, erythema and yellow adherent scales were observed on the external aspect of the pinnae. Mild pruritus was also present on the initial presentation. Histopathology revealed segmental epidermal hyperplasia with loss of polarity in the basal layer. Mild nuclear atypia and marked orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis were present. The superficial dermis had marked reticular fibrosis with thickening of collagen fibrils. Topical treatment with diclofenac resulted in clinical resolution of the disease.
Veterinary Dermatology, 1995
Veterinary Dermatology, 2007