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Papers by Paul Feron

IPCC Special Report on …, 2005

… by Working Group III of the …, 2005

Amino-acid salt solutions provide an interesting alternative to amine based solutions for CO 2 ca... more Amino-acid salt solutions provide an interesting alternative to amine based solutions for CO 2 capture from flue gases. Their specific properties make them suitable for application in membrane gas absorption units, allowing compact equipment design and potentially leading to reductions in investment costs. A further advantage can be achieved by the interesting feature of several amino-acid salts that solid precipitates are produced as the CO 2 loading exceeds a certain value. Due to this phenomenon, the equilibrium CO 2 pressure remains constant when the CO 2-loading of the solvent further increases, so that the driving force for absorption can be maintained at a high level even at high loadings. This significantly improves the absorber performance. Furthermore, the high loadings lead to reduced energy consumption during regeneration. The use of precipitating solvents requires some adaptations of the equipment design: the absorber should be able to handle slurries, and the adapted temperature profile during desorption requires the heat exchanger to be partly integrated into the stripper column. Results of a preliminary economic evaluation are presented. It is shown that the proposed technology has the potential to substantially decrease the investment costs and the energy consumption of the capture process. The excellent perspectives have resulted in further fundamental research to provide a firm basis for a novel capture process based on precipitating solvents.

Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 2014

ABSTRACT Concentrated piperazine (PZ) is a promising new solvent under consideration for post-com... more ABSTRACT Concentrated piperazine (PZ) is a promising new solvent under consideration for post-combustion capture (PCC) of CO2. A solution of 8 molal PZ was recently evaluated at the Tarong CO2 capture pilot plant in Australia. Initial operation involved evaluation of different operating conditions at the plant to determine the minimum energy conditions for this solvent. Comparison was made to results achieved previously at the same pilot plant with 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA). Regeneration energy requirements achieved with concentrated PZ were consistently lower than those achieved with MEA. The lowest regeneration energy for PZ at the pilot plant (2.9 MJ/kgCO2) was roughly 15% lower than the best result predicted for MEA. Inter-cooling located at the center of the absorber column was also evaluated for the concentrated PZ solvent. The benefit of inter-cooling was found to depend on the operating conditions of the plant, with operation at higher liquid-to-gas (L/G) ratios showing a more pronounced effect. For an L/G ratio of 3.3 kg/kg, inter-cooling was found to lower the regeneration energy required for PZ by approximately 10%.© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015

Please cite this article in press as: van Egmond, S., Hekkert, MP, Argument map for carbon captur... more Please cite this article in press as: van Egmond, S., Hekkert, MP, Argument map for carbon capture and storage. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.08. 010 ... ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model IJGGC-701; No. of Pages 12 ... International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control xxx (2012) xxx–xxx ... Argument map for carbon capture and storage ... Sander van Egmonda,∗, Marko P. Hekkertb ... Article history: Received 13 March 2012 Received in revised form 14 August 2012 Accepted 22 August 2012 Available online xxx

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013

Hierarchically porous carbon (C), metal oxide (ZrTi), or carbon-metal oxide (CZrTi) hybrid beads ... more Hierarchically porous carbon (C), metal oxide (ZrTi), or carbon-metal oxide (CZrTi) hybrid beads are synthesized in one pot through the in situ self-assembly of Pluronic F127, titanium and zirconium propoxides, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Upon contact with water, a precipitation of PAN from the liquid phase occurs concurrently with polymerization and phase separation of the inorganic precursors. The C, ZrTi, and CZrTi materials have similar morphologies but different surface chemistries. The adsorption of carbon dioxide by each material has been studied and modeled using the Langmuir-Freundlich equation, generating parameters that are used to calculate the surface affinity distributions. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Tóth, and Temkin models were also applied but gave inferior fits, indicating that the adsorption occurred on an inhomogeneous surface reaching a maximum capacity as available surface sites became saturated. The carbon beads have higher surface affinity for CO2 than the hybrid and metal oxide materials.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009

This work describes a study in advanced post-combustion based on CO 2 -capture technologies to be... more This work describes a study in advanced post-combustion based on CO 2 -capture technologies to be integrated within the Hypogyny concept (electricity generation with co-hydrogen production). Two different Hypogen concepts based on integrating IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) and post-combusting CO 2 capture are proposed and investigated: the first concept, hydrogen production based on syngas shifting with high-pressure CO 2 capture, while the second concept, hydrogen is produced based on membrane separation from syngas.

Energy Procedia, 2014

Formulated aqueous amine solvents incorporating two or more individual amines into a single blend... more Formulated aqueous amine solvents incorporating two or more individual amines into a single blended solvent are often suggested as alternative options to mono-amine solvents employed for CO 2 capture processes. Using software developed in Matlab and existing knowledge of chemical equilibria, investigations into the fundamental properties of formulated amine solvents and their interaction with CO 2 have been carried out. A simple solvent formulation containing equimolar amounts of monoethanolamine (MEA), Amine 1, and a sterically hindered / tertiary amine, Amine 2, has been investigated here. Specifically, the role of Amine 2 in the overall equilibrium behaviour of amine blends is discussed. Systematic variations of the protonation constants and reaction enthalpies of Amine 2 over a range of typical values has revealed that significant improvement can be made in terms of absorption capacity, cyclic capacity, and overall absorption enthalpy in the blends when compared to the standard 5.0M MEA solvent.

The amino acid salt potassium taurate has potential for use as a high-temperature absorbent for p... more The amino acid salt potassium taurate has potential for use as a high-temperature absorbent for postcombustion CO 2 capture, because of its low volatility and high absorption rate. In this study, the densities and viscosities of 2-6 M taurate solution were determined over the temperature range of 293-353 K. We found that the CO 2 solubility of taurate solutions, measured using a stirred-cell reactor, is comparable to that of alkanolamines at high temperatures. The absorption rate of CO 2 into CO 2 -free and CO 2 -loaded taurate solutions was determined using a wetted-wall column. The K G of 4 M taurate at 353 K is similar in magnitude to the K G of 7 m monoethanolamine (MEA) at 313 K. We also found that the K G of taurate decreased with increased CO2 loading, although the K G values of taurate solutions are still comparable to CO 2 -loaded 7 m MEA solution. The reaction rate constant of taurate carbamate formation in this work agrees well with published values.

IPCC Special Report on …, 2005

… by Working Group III of the …, 2005

Amino-acid salt solutions provide an interesting alternative to amine based solutions for CO 2 ca... more Amino-acid salt solutions provide an interesting alternative to amine based solutions for CO 2 capture from flue gases. Their specific properties make them suitable for application in membrane gas absorption units, allowing compact equipment design and potentially leading to reductions in investment costs. A further advantage can be achieved by the interesting feature of several amino-acid salts that solid precipitates are produced as the CO 2 loading exceeds a certain value. Due to this phenomenon, the equilibrium CO 2 pressure remains constant when the CO 2-loading of the solvent further increases, so that the driving force for absorption can be maintained at a high level even at high loadings. This significantly improves the absorber performance. Furthermore, the high loadings lead to reduced energy consumption during regeneration. The use of precipitating solvents requires some adaptations of the equipment design: the absorber should be able to handle slurries, and the adapted temperature profile during desorption requires the heat exchanger to be partly integrated into the stripper column. Results of a preliminary economic evaluation are presented. It is shown that the proposed technology has the potential to substantially decrease the investment costs and the energy consumption of the capture process. The excellent perspectives have resulted in further fundamental research to provide a firm basis for a novel capture process based on precipitating solvents.

Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 2014

ABSTRACT Concentrated piperazine (PZ) is a promising new solvent under consideration for post-com... more ABSTRACT Concentrated piperazine (PZ) is a promising new solvent under consideration for post-combustion capture (PCC) of CO2. A solution of 8 molal PZ was recently evaluated at the Tarong CO2 capture pilot plant in Australia. Initial operation involved evaluation of different operating conditions at the plant to determine the minimum energy conditions for this solvent. Comparison was made to results achieved previously at the same pilot plant with 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA). Regeneration energy requirements achieved with concentrated PZ were consistently lower than those achieved with MEA. The lowest regeneration energy for PZ at the pilot plant (2.9 MJ/kgCO2) was roughly 15% lower than the best result predicted for MEA. Inter-cooling located at the center of the absorber column was also evaluated for the concentrated PZ solvent. The benefit of inter-cooling was found to depend on the operating conditions of the plant, with operation at higher liquid-to-gas (L/G) ratios showing a more pronounced effect. For an L/G ratio of 3.3 kg/kg, inter-cooling was found to lower the regeneration energy required for PZ by approximately 10%.© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015

Please cite this article in press as: van Egmond, S., Hekkert, MP, Argument map for carbon captur... more Please cite this article in press as: van Egmond, S., Hekkert, MP, Argument map for carbon capture and storage. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.08. 010 ... ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model IJGGC-701; No. of Pages 12 ... International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control xxx (2012) xxx–xxx ... Argument map for carbon capture and storage ... Sander van Egmonda,∗, Marko P. Hekkertb ... Article history: Received 13 March 2012 Received in revised form 14 August 2012 Accepted 22 August 2012 Available online xxx

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013

Hierarchically porous carbon (C), metal oxide (ZrTi), or carbon-metal oxide (CZrTi) hybrid beads ... more Hierarchically porous carbon (C), metal oxide (ZrTi), or carbon-metal oxide (CZrTi) hybrid beads are synthesized in one pot through the in situ self-assembly of Pluronic F127, titanium and zirconium propoxides, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Upon contact with water, a precipitation of PAN from the liquid phase occurs concurrently with polymerization and phase separation of the inorganic precursors. The C, ZrTi, and CZrTi materials have similar morphologies but different surface chemistries. The adsorption of carbon dioxide by each material has been studied and modeled using the Langmuir-Freundlich equation, generating parameters that are used to calculate the surface affinity distributions. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Tóth, and Temkin models were also applied but gave inferior fits, indicating that the adsorption occurred on an inhomogeneous surface reaching a maximum capacity as available surface sites became saturated. The carbon beads have higher surface affinity for CO2 than the hybrid and metal oxide materials.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009

This work describes a study in advanced post-combustion based on CO 2 -capture technologies to be... more This work describes a study in advanced post-combustion based on CO 2 -capture technologies to be integrated within the Hypogyny concept (electricity generation with co-hydrogen production). Two different Hypogen concepts based on integrating IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) and post-combusting CO 2 capture are proposed and investigated: the first concept, hydrogen production based on syngas shifting with high-pressure CO 2 capture, while the second concept, hydrogen is produced based on membrane separation from syngas.

Energy Procedia, 2014

Formulated aqueous amine solvents incorporating two or more individual amines into a single blend... more Formulated aqueous amine solvents incorporating two or more individual amines into a single blended solvent are often suggested as alternative options to mono-amine solvents employed for CO 2 capture processes. Using software developed in Matlab and existing knowledge of chemical equilibria, investigations into the fundamental properties of formulated amine solvents and their interaction with CO 2 have been carried out. A simple solvent formulation containing equimolar amounts of monoethanolamine (MEA), Amine 1, and a sterically hindered / tertiary amine, Amine 2, has been investigated here. Specifically, the role of Amine 2 in the overall equilibrium behaviour of amine blends is discussed. Systematic variations of the protonation constants and reaction enthalpies of Amine 2 over a range of typical values has revealed that significant improvement can be made in terms of absorption capacity, cyclic capacity, and overall absorption enthalpy in the blends when compared to the standard 5.0M MEA solvent.

The amino acid salt potassium taurate has potential for use as a high-temperature absorbent for p... more The amino acid salt potassium taurate has potential for use as a high-temperature absorbent for postcombustion CO 2 capture, because of its low volatility and high absorption rate. In this study, the densities and viscosities of 2-6 M taurate solution were determined over the temperature range of 293-353 K. We found that the CO 2 solubility of taurate solutions, measured using a stirred-cell reactor, is comparable to that of alkanolamines at high temperatures. The absorption rate of CO 2 into CO 2 -free and CO 2 -loaded taurate solutions was determined using a wetted-wall column. The K G of 4 M taurate at 353 K is similar in magnitude to the K G of 7 m monoethanolamine (MEA) at 313 K. We also found that the K G of taurate decreased with increased CO2 loading, although the K G values of taurate solutions are still comparable to CO 2 -loaded 7 m MEA solution. The reaction rate constant of taurate carbamate formation in this work agrees well with published values.