Paul Gaughan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Paul Gaughan

AGUFM, Dec 13, 2019

American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, 9-13 December 2019, San FranciscoEMSO is a Europea... more American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, 9-13 December 2019, San FranciscoEMSO is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) with 8 member countries. It is coordinated by a central management office and promotes monitoring services offered by 11 fixed-point deep-sea and water column observatories around Europe, from the Atlantic, through the Mediterranean, and to the anoxic Black Sea. EMSO aims are to advance marine science and technologies in the frame of sustainable development policies concerning ocean health, biodiversity, climate, and environmental changes. EMSO provides Science Services, in the form of data and/or access to the regional distributed observatory locations for experiments or testing of new equipment. EMSO ERIC is in its second year of operation, and its challenge is to turn the diversity of technical approaches and science priorities of each regional distributed observatory locations into a strength for building robust network-scale best practices, labels, and science services. This presentation reports on collaborative work initiated in recent months by EMSO, primarily within the Science Service Group, focusing on 3 practical goals: 1) offer online access, Quality Control (QC) and adequate data management tools for deep-water salinity and temperature data from five EMSO sites; 2) develop and promote a standard sampling and analytical procedure for microplastic pollution assessments to be performed at each EMSO site during maintenance cruises; and 3) explore the needs of the growing group of users of marine acoustics data (e.g. geohazards, marine mammals, sound pollution, marine transport) and design online access, QC and suitable scan-visualisation tools for acoustic data records. Our goal is, through and beyond EMSO Science Services, to help build smart ocean observation systems that meet the growing knowledge needs on natural and anthropogenic processes in the oce

Instrumentation viewpoint, Oct 1, 2016

EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Sea oor and water-column Observatory, www.emso-eu.org) is a larg... more EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Sea oor and water-column Observatory, www.emso-eu.org) is a large-scale European Research Infrastructure I. It is a distributed infrastructure of strategically placed, deep-sea sea oor and water column observatory nodes with the essential scienti c objective of real-time, longterm observation of environmental processes related to the interaction between the geosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. The geographic locations of the EMSO observatory nodes represent key sites in European waters, from the Arctic, through the Atlantic and Mediterranean, to the Black Sea (Figure 1), as de ned through previous studies performed in FP6 and FP7 EC projects such as ESONET-CA, ESONET-NoE, EMSO-PP (Person et al., 2015).

Instrumentation viewpoint, 2016

Journal of Marine Systems, Dec 1, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

The utilization of a stream analytical processing approach is presented in the context of real-ti... more The utilization of a stream analytical processing approach is presented in the context of real-time analysis of acoustic data streams from hydrophones for cetacean identification and classification. We discuss the development and interim results of an integrated platform for processing underwater acoustic data in real time that also utilizes supplemental data types related to the physical environment. This approach provides advanced capabilities such as real-time dynamic filtering to support the intelligent processing of multiple high volume continuous data streams in parallel. The stream processing platform is being employed for the development of a continuous broad spectrum monitoring station to establish background levels for underwater noise for environmental impact assessment and continued operational monitoring for underwater acoustic noise produced by wave and tidal ocean energy devices. The use of hydrophone and particle velocity detectors in conjunction with other real-time sensors and data sources with dynamic feedback and control mechanisms is presented. The monitoring technologies are discussed along with the establishment of a consistent measurement methodology for varied deployment regimes dependent on water depth, bottom conditions, and variable sea states. We also review the incorporation of these technologies in the Marine Institute of Ireland's multipurpose research and development SmartBay Galway system to provide a flexible and agile monitoring and management platform which is being extended to include additional environmental variables specific to the ocean energy domain. The platform is being developed for the Galway Bay Quarter Scale Wave Energy Test Site and the full-scale, grid- connected Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site now under development by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 3, 2021

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

The SmartBay Observatory in Galway Bay is an underwater observatory which uses cameras, probes an... more The SmartBay Observatory in Galway Bay is an underwater observatory which uses cameras, probes and sensors to permit continuous and remote live underwater monitoring. It was installed in 2015 on the seafloor 1.5km off the coast of Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland at a depth of 20-25m. Underwater observatories allow ocean researchers unique real-time access to monitor ongoing changes in the marine environment. The Galway Bay Observatory is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global network of real-time data capture systems deployed in the ocean. Data relating to the marine environment at the Galway Observatory site is transferred in real-time through a fibre optic telecommunications cable to the Marine Institute headquarters and then made publically available on the internet. The data includes a live video stream, the depth of the observatory node, the water temperature and salinity, and estimates of the chlorophyll and turbidity levels in the water which give an indicati...

The Observatory in Galway Bay is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global netwo... more The Observatory in Galway Bay is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global network of real-time data capture systems deployed within the ocean. Installed on the seafloor 1.5km off the coast of Spiddal, the observatory uses cameras, probes and sensors to permit continuous and remote live underwater monitoring. Data relating to the marine environment at the site is transferred in real-time from the SmartBay Observatory through a fibre optic telecommunications cable to the Marine Institute headquarters and onwards onto the internet. This dataset comprises of processed acoustic data that has been collected from the Galway Observatory site using an icListen HF Smart Hydrophone – a digital hydrophone that processes and stores acoustic data. The dataset comprises of processed data, collected from the Galway Bay Subsea cabled observatory since its installation in 2015. The wide frequency range hydrophone is installed on a separate lander approximately 30m away from the EMSO...

ABSTRACT A distributed real-time system for monitoring and characterizing the underwater soundsca... more ABSTRACT A distributed real-time system for monitoring and characterizing the underwater soundscape is presented in the context of environmental impact baseline assessment for the ocean energy industry. We discuss the development and deployment of an offshore acoustic monitoring buoy with real-time acoustic signal transmission capabilities and an accompanying sea floor-based sensor platform utilizing hydrophone and particle velocity detector technologies. In addition, high bandwidth point-to-point communications for the buoy to shore communications and data streaming architectures with failover protection in a high speed networking environment are described. An integrated stream analytical processing platform has been developed for the real-time signal processing of multiple high bandwidth acoustic data streams in parallel that incorporates multiple preprocessing steps as well as event detection and classification techniques. Real-time dynamic filtering approaches are also being developed using supplemental data such as sea state and weather to compensate for varying environmental conditions. These technologies are being incorporated in the Marine Institute of Ireland's multipurpose research and development SmartBay Ireland system, which provides a flexible and agile monitoring and management platform that is being extended to include additional environmental variables relevant to the ocean energy domain. The platform is deployed for the Galway Bay Quarter Scale Wave Energy Test Site and will capture, store, and analyze one year of continuous acoustic data.

ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2020

Seafloor multiparametric fibre-optic-cabled video observatories are emerging tools for standardiz... more Seafloor multiparametric fibre-optic-cabled video observatories are emerging tools for standardized monitoring programmes, dedicated to the production of real-time fishery-independent stock assessment data. Here, we propose that a network of cabled cameras can be set up and optimized to ensure representative long-term monitoring of target commercial species and their surrounding habitats. We highlight the importance of adding the spatial dimension to fixed-point-cabled monitoring networks, and the need for close integration with Artificial Intelligence pipelines, that are necessary for fast and reliable biological data processing. We then describe two pilot studies, exemplary of using video imagery and environmental monitoring to derive robust data as a foundation for future ecosystem-based fish-stock and biodiversity management. The first example is from the NE Pacific Ocean where the deep-water sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) has been monitored since 2010 by the NEPTUNE cabled obse...

3 pagesThe occupancy assumption “one burrow system, one animal” (Sardà and Aguzzi, 2012) raises a... more 3 pagesThe occupancy assumption “one burrow system, one animal” (Sardà and Aguzzi, 2012) raises a number of generic research questions concerning the true occupation of burrows in many Nephrops stocks. The burrow system acts as the centre of a strong territorial rhythmic behaviour (Rice and Chapman, 1971; Farmer, 1975) leading the adults’ lobsters to evict subordinates from burrows in a dominance hierarchy framework (Sbragaglia et al., 2017); indeed, two wild adult lobsters are rarely found in the same shelter (Cobb and Wang, 1985). Other studies showed evi-dence that no spatial segregation occurs between juveniles and adults (Maynou and Sardà, 1997) achieving the establishment of adult-juvenile complexes (at least 1 adult and 1 juvenile per bur-row), which become separated as juveniles grow (Tuck et al., 1994). Moreover, Nehprops bur-rows systems could also be inhabited by other benthic crustacean species (e.g. Munida sp.) or may remain empty and intact for an unknown period of tim...

EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory, www.emso-eu.org) is a lar... more EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory, www.emso-eu.org) is a large‐scale European Research Infrastructure I. It is a distributed infrastructure of strategically placed, deep‐sea seafloor and water column observatory nodes with the essential scientific objective of real‐time, longterm observation of environmental processes related to the interaction between the geosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. The geographic locations of the EMSO observatory nodes represent key sites in European waters, from the Arctic, through the Atlantic and Mediterranean, to the Black Sea (Figure 1), as defined through previous studies performed in FP6 and FP7 EC projects such as ESONET‐CA, ESONET‐NoE, EMSO-PP (Person et al., 2015)Peer Reviewe

The SmartBay Observatory in Galway Bay is an underwater observatory which uses cameras, probes an... more The SmartBay Observatory in Galway Bay is an underwater observatory which uses cameras, probes and sensors to permit continuous and remote live underwater monitoring. It was installed in 2015 on the seafloor 1.5km off the coast of Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland at a depth of 20-25m. Underwater observatories allow ocean researchers unique real-time access to monitor ongoing changes in the marine environment. The Galway Bay Observatory is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global network of real-time data capture systems deployed in the ocean. Data relating to the marine environment at the Galway Observatory site is transferred in real-time through a fibre optic telecommunications cable to the Marine Institute headquarters and then made publicly available on the internet. The data includes a live video stream, the depth of the observatory node, the water temperature and salinity, and estimates of the chlorophyll and turbidity levels in the water which give an indication...

The Observatory in Galway Bay is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global netwo... more The Observatory in Galway Bay is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global network of real-time data capture systems deployed within the ocean. Installed on the seafloor 1.5km off the coast of Spiddal, the observatory uses cameras, probes and sensors to permit continuous and remote live underwater monitoring. Data relating to the marine environment at the site is transferred in real-time from the Observatory through a fibre optic telecommunications cable to the Marine Institute headquarters and onwards onto the internet. This dataset comprises of raw (unprocessed) acoustic data that have been collected from the Galway Observatory site using an icListen HF Smart Hydrophone – a digital hydrophone that processes and stores acoustic data. It transmits waveform or spectral data over its data link in real-time. The dataset comprises of a time series of raw acoustic data .wav files collected from the Galway Bay Subsea cabled observatory since its installation in 2015. The ...

Journal of Marine Systems, 2020

Abstract Cabled video-observatories offer new opportunities to monitor fish species at frequencie... more Abstract Cabled video-observatories offer new opportunities to monitor fish species at frequencies and durations never attained before, quantifying the behavioural activities of their individuals, and providing ancillary data to inform stock assessment (in a fishery-independent manner). In this context, our objective was to improve the ecological monitoring capability of SmartBay observatory (20 m depth, Galway Bay, Ireland), through a pilot study dedicated to tracking of fish counts (as a proxy of populations activity rhythms), in a context where species behaviour and consequent community turnover may occur at different temporal cycles (i.e. tidal versus day-night). In order to understand how animals can regulate their behavioural activity upon those cycles, we enforced a time-lapse (1 h interval) image collection and concomitant multiparametric oceanographic plus acoustic data acquisition continuously during 24 h, over 30 days in August 2018 (when turbidity is at minimum). For each image, we classified and then counted all visible fish and derived count time series. Periodogram and waveform analyses were used to calculate their fluctuations' periodicity (i.e. the ruling cycle) and phase (i.e. peak timing in relation to the cycle). A total of 12 marine teleost species were pictured with Trisopterus minutus, Trachurus trachurus and Chelidonichthys lucerna characterized by day-night related rhythms, while others, such as Trisopterus luscus and Gadus morhua, were influenced by the tidal cycle. 24 h count patterns were compared together and investigated for time-based ecological niche-partitioning in a wave and current-affected soundscape. These findings were discussed in relation to the ecology of species and the feasibility of promising observatory-based monitoring applications in fishery assessment practices, when targeted species have commercial value.

The cost effective delivery of scientific and policy requirements is a key driver for the realiza... more The cost effective delivery of scientific and policy requirements is a key driver for the realization of global sustainability research, integrated assessment and supporting innovative systems. The next generation of geospatial information infrastructures is proposed as a possible solution. Still, questions such as 'what does all this mean to environmental information systems' and 'what is expected to change', have only partially been answered. In this paper, we describe the recent challenges for eEnvironment services in Europe, specify desired capabilities and derive according requirements. We identify affected stakeholder communities and depict their involvement in the overall value chain of environmental knowledge generation. Specific examples illustrate individual needs, while a derived description of the value chain indicates more general outcomes. Developmental requirements of future information systems are discussed. The presented work answers the questions above by bridging the gab between stakeholder needs, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development and higher level concepts, such as Digital Earth and Future Internet.

AGUFM, Dec 13, 2019

Instrumentation viewpoint, Oct 1, 2016

Instrumentation viewpoint, 2016

Journal of Marine Systems, Dec 1, 2020

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 3, 2021

ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2020

The SmartBay Observatory in Galway Bay is an underwater observatory which uses cameras, probes an... more The SmartBay Observatory in Galway Bay is an underwater observatory which uses cameras, probes and sensors to permit continuous and remote live underwater monitoring. It was installed in 2015 on the seafloor 1.5km off the coast of Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland at a depth of 20-25m. Underwater observatories allow ocean researchers unique real-time access to monitor ongoing changes in the marine environment. The Galway Bay Observatory is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global network of real-time data capture systems deployed in the ocean. Data relating to the marine environment at the Galway Observatory site is transferred in real-time through a fibre optic telecommunications cable to the Marine Institute headquarters and then made publicly available on the internet. The data includes a live video stream, the depth of the observatory node, the water temperature and salinity, and estimates of the chlorophyll and turbidity levels in the water which give an indication...

The Observatory in Galway Bay is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global netwo... more The Observatory in Galway Bay is an important contribution by Ireland to the growing global network of real-time data capture systems deployed within the ocean. Installed on the seafloor 1.5km off the coast of Spiddal, the observatory uses cameras, probes and sensors to permit continuous and remote live underwater monitoring. Data relating to the marine environment at the site is transferred in real-time from the Observatory through a fibre optic telecommunications cable to the Marine Institute headquarters and onwards onto the internet. This dataset comprises of raw (unprocessed) acoustic data that have been collected from the Galway Observatory site using an icListen HF Smart Hydrophone – a digital hydrophone that processes and stores acoustic data. It transmits waveform or spectral data over its data link in real-time. The dataset comprises of a time series of raw acoustic data .wav files collected from the Galway Bay Subsea cabled observatory since its installation in 2015. The ...

Journal of Marine Systems, 2020