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Papers by Paulo Jorge Santos

Research paper thumbnail of Goal instability, self-esteem, and vocational identity of high school Portuguese students

Análise Psicológica, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring the Meaning of Motivation Across Cultures: IRT Analyses of the Goal Instability Scale

Journal of Career Assessment, 2006

The present study uses item response theory (IRT) to establish comparability between the English ... more The present study uses item response theory (IRT) to establish comparability between the English and Portuguese versions of the Goal Instability Scale (GIS), a measure of generalized motivation. A total of 2,848 American and 679 Portuguese high school students were ...

Research paper thumbnail of Motivational Correlates of Portuguese High Schoolers’ Vocational Identity: Cultural Validation of the Goal Instability Scale

Journal of Career Assessment, 2004

This study examined the relevance of the Goal Instability Scale-Portuguese Adaptation (GIS-P) on ... more This study examined the relevance of the Goal Instability Scale-Portuguese Adaptation (GIS-P) on the vocational identity and career certainty of 375 10th-, 11th-, and 12th-grade Portuguese high schoolers. After translating the GIS-P, con-firmatory factor analysis was used to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of Generalized Indecision Among Portuguese Secondary School Students

Journal of Career Assessment, 2001

Abstract Career indecision is a complex phenomenon and there is evidence that undecided individua... more Abstract Career indecision is a complex phenomenon and there is evidence that undecided individuals do not constitute a homogenous group. Although there is some controversy about the different types of career undecided individuals, there has been a relative ...

Research paper thumbnail of Career Decision Statuses Among Portuguese Secondary School Students: A Cluster Analytical Approach

Journal of Career Assessment, 2012

... produced results that were, in general, ambiguous and inconclusive (for a review, see Forner ... more ... produced results that were, in general, ambiguous and inconclusive (for a review, see Forner ... of their interests and talents and generally have a positive attitude about themselves ... scales of career indecision: The Career Factors Inventory (see Char-trand & Nutter, 1996; Chartrand ...

Research paper thumbnail of Indecisiveness and career indecision: A test of a theoretical model

Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2014

Research on career indecision has emphasized the need to distinguish between normative indecision... more Research on career indecision has emphasized the need to distinguish between normative indecision, which corresponds to a developmentally-appropriate state, and indecisiveness, a persistent problem in making decisions across multiple dimensions. This distinction is important in order to design appropriate interventions. These two types of indecision are related with two dimensions (decided-undecided and decisiveness-indecisiveness) that, if conceptualized as orthogonal, result in a diagnostic scheme with four groups (high or low in career decidedness and high or low in indecisiveness). The aim of this study was to test whether the four groups could be distinguished from each other with regard to cognitive and affective variables that have been used in career indecision research. A descriptive discriminant analysis was employed with a sample of secondary school students. The grouping variable effects of two significant functions are described and implications for career counseling and future research are discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological Separation and Dimensions of Career Indecision in Secondary School Students

Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2000

interpreted career indecision as an indicator of the inadequate psychological separation of adole... more interpreted career indecision as an indicator of the inadequate psychological separation of adolescents from their parents. However, various empirical studies have not managed to clearly demonstrated evidence of a relationship between systemic family variables and career indecision. This investigation, which involves a sample of 418 adolescents of both sexes in the 12th grade of secondary school, analyzed the relationship between conflictual and emotional independence and two dimensions of career indecision: developmental indecision and generalized indecision. As a principal methodology of statistical analysis, a canonical correlation analysis, one for each gender, was used. There were no relationships between the two sets of variables. The results were interpreted in light of the fact that some subjects could be classified as foreclosure in terms of identity status. A model of career decision status is proposed.

Research paper thumbnail of Career Dilemmas in Career Counseling Groups: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Journal of Career Development, 2000

A career dilemma is a hypothetical or real situation in which a character is confronted with seve... more A career dilemma is a hypothetical or real situation in which a character is confronted with several career options each of which has advantages and disadvantages. The main purpose of presenting and discussing a dilemma in career counseling groups is to confront several appraisals of the situation in order to promote more complex thinking about career choices. Another important aim of this technique is to enhance interaction between group members and to analyze similar career dilemmas that the group participants have experienced in the past. The use of the discussion of career dilemmas is described, especially the role of the career counselor, and some suggestions for future research are presented.

Research paper thumbnail of Goal instability, self-esteem, and vocational identity of high school Portuguese students

Análise Psicológica, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring the Meaning of Motivation Across Cultures: IRT Analyses of the Goal Instability Scale

Journal of Career Assessment, 2006

The present study uses item response theory (IRT) to establish comparability between the English ... more The present study uses item response theory (IRT) to establish comparability between the English and Portuguese versions of the Goal Instability Scale (GIS), a measure of generalized motivation. A total of 2,848 American and 679 Portuguese high school students were ...

Research paper thumbnail of Motivational Correlates of Portuguese High Schoolers’ Vocational Identity: Cultural Validation of the Goal Instability Scale

Journal of Career Assessment, 2004

This study examined the relevance of the Goal Instability Scale-Portuguese Adaptation (GIS-P) on ... more This study examined the relevance of the Goal Instability Scale-Portuguese Adaptation (GIS-P) on the vocational identity and career certainty of 375 10th-, 11th-, and 12th-grade Portuguese high schoolers. After translating the GIS-P, con-firmatory factor analysis was used to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of Generalized Indecision Among Portuguese Secondary School Students

Journal of Career Assessment, 2001

Abstract Career indecision is a complex phenomenon and there is evidence that undecided individua... more Abstract Career indecision is a complex phenomenon and there is evidence that undecided individuals do not constitute a homogenous group. Although there is some controversy about the different types of career undecided individuals, there has been a relative ...

Research paper thumbnail of Career Decision Statuses Among Portuguese Secondary School Students: A Cluster Analytical Approach

Journal of Career Assessment, 2012

... produced results that were, in general, ambiguous and inconclusive (for a review, see Forner ... more ... produced results that were, in general, ambiguous and inconclusive (for a review, see Forner ... of their interests and talents and generally have a positive attitude about themselves ... scales of career indecision: The Career Factors Inventory (see Char-trand & Nutter, 1996; Chartrand ...

Research paper thumbnail of Indecisiveness and career indecision: A test of a theoretical model

Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2014

Research on career indecision has emphasized the need to distinguish between normative indecision... more Research on career indecision has emphasized the need to distinguish between normative indecision, which corresponds to a developmentally-appropriate state, and indecisiveness, a persistent problem in making decisions across multiple dimensions. This distinction is important in order to design appropriate interventions. These two types of indecision are related with two dimensions (decided-undecided and decisiveness-indecisiveness) that, if conceptualized as orthogonal, result in a diagnostic scheme with four groups (high or low in career decidedness and high or low in indecisiveness). The aim of this study was to test whether the four groups could be distinguished from each other with regard to cognitive and affective variables that have been used in career indecision research. A descriptive discriminant analysis was employed with a sample of secondary school students. The grouping variable effects of two significant functions are described and implications for career counseling and future research are discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological Separation and Dimensions of Career Indecision in Secondary School Students

Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2000

interpreted career indecision as an indicator of the inadequate psychological separation of adole... more interpreted career indecision as an indicator of the inadequate psychological separation of adolescents from their parents. However, various empirical studies have not managed to clearly demonstrated evidence of a relationship between systemic family variables and career indecision. This investigation, which involves a sample of 418 adolescents of both sexes in the 12th grade of secondary school, analyzed the relationship between conflictual and emotional independence and two dimensions of career indecision: developmental indecision and generalized indecision. As a principal methodology of statistical analysis, a canonical correlation analysis, one for each gender, was used. There were no relationships between the two sets of variables. The results were interpreted in light of the fact that some subjects could be classified as foreclosure in terms of identity status. A model of career decision status is proposed.

Research paper thumbnail of Career Dilemmas in Career Counseling Groups: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Journal of Career Development, 2000

A career dilemma is a hypothetical or real situation in which a character is confronted with seve... more A career dilemma is a hypothetical or real situation in which a character is confronted with several career options each of which has advantages and disadvantages. The main purpose of presenting and discussing a dilemma in career counseling groups is to confront several appraisals of the situation in order to promote more complex thinking about career choices. Another important aim of this technique is to enhance interaction between group members and to analyze similar career dilemmas that the group participants have experienced in the past. The use of the discussion of career dilemmas is described, especially the role of the career counselor, and some suggestions for future research are presented.