Paulos Gutema - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Paulos Gutema

Cogent Economics & Finance

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Aug 1, 2008

Ethiopian Journal of Economics, 2001

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Jun 1, 2010

Advances in Agriculture

Adoption of improved forage technologies remains to be one of a promising strategy to boost dairy... more Adoption of improved forage technologies remains to be one of a promising strategy to boost dairy productivity and enhance household income in many developing countries. However, there are limited rigorous impact evaluation studies on the contributions of such technologies on smallholder dairy productivity and household welfare. This paper examined the impact of improved forage technologies use on smallholder dairy productivity and farm household income in Northern Ethiopia. In this study, a cross-sectional survey design and a multistage stratified sampling procedure were employed. Primary data for the study were obtained from a random sample of 319 rural households, 128 of which are improved forage technology users and the rest are nonusers. The research employed the propensity score matching (PSM) procedure to determine the causal relationship between adoption of improved forage technologies and changes in milk yield and farm household income. Results from PSM revealed that househ...

African Development Review, 2004

: This paper revisits the debate on schooling and economic growth with particular reference to t... more : This paper revisits the debate on schooling and economic growth with particular reference to the case of sub-Saharan Africa. Following the endogenous growth model developed by Lucas (1988) that considers human capital as one factor of production and schooling as a means of human capital accumulation, two results of schooling are explicitly stated: accumulation of privately owned and publicly owned human capital. By developing a growth estimating equation containing these two types of schooling results from the model and confronting it with empirical data, the hypothesis that schooling has got growth effect is tested. The analytic result suggests that in the indicated economies, for the period covered by the study (1966–2000), schooling that leads to accumulation of publicly owned human capital is associated with per capita income growth. Likewise, the analysis provides supporting evidence for the argument that primary schooling level is more associated with growth than other levels of schooling. Resume: L’article reexamine le debat sur la scolarisation et la croissance economique, en se referant tout particulierement au cas de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Suivant le modele de croissance endogene elabore par Lucas (1988) qui considere le capital humain comme facteur de production et la scolarisation comme moyen d’accumulation du capital humain, deux resultats de la scolarisation sont explicitement etablis: accumulation du capital humain public et accumulation du capital humain prive. En elaborant une equation d’evaluation de la croissance contenant ces deux types de resultat de la scolarisation emanant du modele, et en la confrontant avec des donnees empiriques, on peut verifier l’hypothese selon laquelle la scolarisation a un effet sur la croissance. Le resultat analytique laisse penser que, dans les economies concernees, et pour toute la periode couverte par l’etude (1966–2000), la scolarisation menant a l’accumulation du capital humain public est liee a la croissance du revenu par habitant. De meme, l’analyse fournit des preuves appuyant l’argument selon lequel la scolarisation au niveau du primaire est plus liee a la croissance que la scolarisation aux autres niveaux.

The paper estimates a health production function for Sub-Saharan Africa based on the Grossman (19... more The paper estimates a health production function for Sub-Saharan Africa based on the Grossman (1972) theoretical model that treats social, economic, and environmental factors as inputs of the production system. In estimating this function, socioeconomic and environmental factors such as income per capita, illiteracy rate, food availability, ratio of health expenditure to GDP, urbanization rate, and carbon dioxide emission per worker are specified as determinants of health status, proxied by life expectancy at birth. The parameters of the function are estimated by a method of one-way and two-way panel data analyses. The results obtained from two-way random effect model suggest that an increase in income per capita, a decrease in illiteracy rate, an increase in food availability are well associated with improvement in life expectancy at birth. Overall results suggest that a health policy, which may focus on the provision of health, services, family planning programs, and emergency aid...

Conventional growth theories in the literature explain the poor economic performance of African e... more Conventional growth theories in the literature explain the poor economic performance of African economies by stressing the inadequacy of savings, human capital, and poor institutional quality. However, the key question is how to enhance savings for the accumulation of both physical and human capital in order to spur growth. A common thread that runs through the existing models is that the dependency ratio, not only remains constant over time, but has no long-run negative impact on economic growth. By relaxing this rigid assumption, this paper constructs a growth estimating equation which accommodates this demographic factor. The analytic results from the modified model suggest that economies with high dependency ratio face their stable equilibrium at lower levels of their income per capita. Moreover, econometric results from analysis of panel data drawn from Sub-Saharan Africa economies suggest that the growth puzzle can be well explained in terms of the demographic factors, especia...

In Sub Sahara Africa, where the process of economic growth is almost enigmatic, schooling is bein... more In Sub Sahara Africa, where the process of economic growth is almost enigmatic, schooling is being considered, in most parts of the region, as a factor that may help resolve the mystery. This paper aims at examining the degree of growth effect of schooling in this region. Following the endogenous growth model developed by Lucas (1988) that considers human capital as one factor of production and schooling as means of human capital accumulation, two results of schooling are explicitly stated: accumulation of privately owned and publically owned human capital. By developing a growth estimating equation containing these two types of schooling results from the model and confronting the equation with empirical data from Sub Sahara Africa, the hypothesis that schooling has got growth effect is tested. The analytic result suggests that in the region, during the covered period of study, only part of schooling that leads to accumulation of communally owned human capital is associated with per...

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For the last four decades the pace of economic growth in African countries remained too slow or s... more For the last four decades the pace of economic growth in African countries remained too slow or stagnant. This problem is analyzed by first developing a framework that focus on growth process of indigent economy, where deferring current consumption is hardly possible, and by relaxing the usual assumption of unfailing market condition. The analytic result suggests that the degree and direction of effects of factors of market failure make a difference in nations' level of income per capita as well as its rate of growth. On this ground, the poor economic performance observed in the region can be well attributed to poor capacity to manage and exploit factors of market failure. The empirical evidence obtained from analysis of panel data supports strongly this argument.

Ethiopian Journal of Development Research, 2000

The American Economist, 2005

This study examines the determinants of health status (as measured by life expectancy at birth) i... more This study examines the determinants of health status (as measured by life expectancy at birth) in SSA based on the Grossman (1972) theoretical model which considers the economic (the ratio of health expenditure to GDP and the per capita food availability index), social (the illiteracy rate and alcohol consumption), and environmental factors (urbanization rate and carbon dioxide emission per capita index). The coefficients of the health status function are estimated by one-way and two-way panel data analyses. The two-way random-effect model results suggest that a decrease in illiteracy rate and an increase in the food availability index are well positively associated with improvements in life expectancy at birth. Overall results also suggest that a health policy that may focus on the provision of health services, family planning programs, and emergency aids to the exclusion of other demographic issues may serve little in schemes aimed at improving the current health status of the re...