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Research paper thumbnail of Spatial correlates of land-use changes in the Maasai-Steppe of Tanzania: implications for conservation and environmental planning

International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, Jul 15, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 8 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 8: Figure S4. The frequency distribution of the average number of hired herders p... more Additional file 8: Figure S4. The frequency distribution of the average number of hired herders per household in each of the four sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 3 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 3: Table S2. Model parameter estimates for the covariates retained in the selecte... more Additional file 3: Table S2. Model parameter estimates for the covariates retained in the selected final model for each response variable. Dispersion is the estimate of the scale parameter for the normal, gamma or negative binomial distribution.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 1. S1 Text: The SAS (Base SAS Version 9.4, SAS/STAT version 15.1) codes used to s... more Additional file 1. S1 Text: The SAS (Base SAS Version 9.4, SAS/STAT version 15.1) codes used to select and fit the models and the full set of predictor variables and interactions considered and their subsets selected for each response variable.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 5 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 5: Figure S1. The frequency distribution of the number of wives per male househol... more Additional file 5: Figure S1. The frequency distribution of the number of wives per male household head in each of the four sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 10 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 10: Figure S6. The frequency distribution of the mean number of households (hhs) ... more Additional file 10: Figure S6. The frequency distribution of the mean number of households (hhs) per settlement in each of the four sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 6 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 6: Figure S2. The frequency distribution of the number of children per family in ... more Additional file 6: Figure S2. The frequency distribution of the number of children per family in each of the four sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 4 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 4: Table S3. Adjusted means for the age of the household head based on the gamma ... more Additional file 4: Table S3. Adjusted means for the age of the household head based on the gamma regression with a log link of age on the four study sites. Lower mean and upper mean are 95% confidence limits of the mean on the original scale. Table S4. Pairwise comparisons of the adjusted means for age of household head between pairs of study sites. Table S5. Estimated slope coefficients for the number of wives per household head based on a gamma regression with the log link of the number of wives per household head on age*site and children*site. Table S6. Pairwise comparisons of the slope coefficients for the regression of the number of wives on site*age and site*children. Table S7. Estimates of coefficients of the gamma regression with a log link of the number of children per family on the number of wives per household head. Table S8. Estimates of the slope coefficients of the standard normal-theory regression of the number of years of formal education of the household head on gen...

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 2 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 2: Table S1. Selection of predictors to include in models for each response varia... more Additional file 2: Table S1. Selection of predictors to include in models for each response variable using automatic variable selection with forward selection, the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) and strong hierarchy criteria for choosing contending models.

Research paper thumbnail of Third International Symposium on Olive Growing, Vol 1

Research paper thumbnail of SYMFOR documentation and user manual

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Pastoralism, 2020

We analyse social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai people ... more We analyse social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai people inhabiting Kenya (three sites) and Tanzania (one site) with contrasting land tenure policies. In Kenya, land was communally owned in the rural Amboseli, fully privatized in the peri-urban Kitengela in Athi-Kaputiei and partially privatized and communally owned in the rural Maasai Mara. In Tanzania, the government owned the land but granted user rights to local villages in rural Simanjiro in Tarangire-Manyara. We interviewed 100 households per site from May to July 2006. There were regional distinctions in social demography, livelihood diversification, hiring herding labour and settlement arrangements, portraying differential transition away from traditional pastoral Maasai society. The transition is most advanced in Kitengela located near Nairobi City, where privatization of land tenure in the 1980s triggered land sub-division, unprecedented land fragmentation and large-scale collapse of...

Research paper thumbnail of Livestock-wealth inequalities and uptake of crop cultivation among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

World Development Perspectives, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Wildebeest migration in East Africa: Status, threats and conservation measures

Migration of ungulates is under pressure worldwide from range contraction, habitat loss and degra... more Migration of ungulates is under pressure worldwide from range contraction, habitat loss and degradation, anthropogenic barriers and poaching. Here, we synthesize and compare the extent of historical migrations of the white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) to their contemporary status, in five premier East African ecosystems, namely the Serengeti-Mara, Masai Mara, Athi-Kaputiei, Amboseli and Tarangire-Manyara. The current status, threats to migration, migratory ranges and routes for wildebeest were characterized using colonial-era maps, literature reviews, GIS and aerial survey databases, GPS collared animals and interviews with long-term researchers. Interference with wildebeest migratory routes and dispersal ranges has stopped or severely threatens continuation of the historical migration patterns in all but the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem where the threat level is relatively lower. Wildebeest migration has collapsed in Athi-Kaputiei ecosystem and is facing enormous pressure...

Research paper thumbnail of Forests and poverty reduction: Action needed by development, research and training institutions

Research paper thumbnail of International overview of arrangements for national support of R&D Options for African Nations

Research paper thumbnail of Drivers and impacts of land-use change in the Maasai Steppe of northern Tanzania: an ecological, social and political analysis

Journal of Land Use Science, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Vapour Pressure Deficit Response of Cuticular Conductance in Intact Leaves ofFagus sylvaticaL

Journal of Experimental Botany, 1992

The cuticular conductance (g c ) of the astomatous adaxial surface of Fagus sylvatica L. leaves w... more The cuticular conductance (g c ) of the astomatous adaxial surface of Fagus sylvatica L. leaves was determined under varying vapour pressure deficits at a constant temperature of 20 o C. Cuticular condance was determined from the weight loss of detached leaves after both the stomatous abaxial surface and the cut end of the petiole had been sealed using low melting-point parrafin wax. Cuticular conductance was found to decrease as the water vapour pressure was increased in steps

Research paper thumbnail of Modelling rainfall interception in unlogged and logged forest areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Participatory Forestry: Sharable Lessons for Better Management of Commons

Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 2004

We review some of the experience gained through experiments with participatory management of comm... more We review some of the experience gained through experiments with participatory management of common pool resources (CPRs) in forests, with a view to developing lessons for policy and practice that can be applied in the management of CPRs in other contexts such as fisheries, water, and rangelands. We summarise lessons from experience in India, Nepal, Uganda, and Indonesia. We emphasise

Research paper thumbnail of Spatial correlates of land-use changes in the Maasai-Steppe of Tanzania: implications for conservation and environmental planning

International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, Jul 15, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 8 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 8: Figure S4. The frequency distribution of the average number of hired herders p... more Additional file 8: Figure S4. The frequency distribution of the average number of hired herders per household in each of the four sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 3 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 3: Table S2. Model parameter estimates for the covariates retained in the selecte... more Additional file 3: Table S2. Model parameter estimates for the covariates retained in the selected final model for each response variable. Dispersion is the estimate of the scale parameter for the normal, gamma or negative binomial distribution.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 1. S1 Text: The SAS (Base SAS Version 9.4, SAS/STAT version 15.1) codes used to s... more Additional file 1. S1 Text: The SAS (Base SAS Version 9.4, SAS/STAT version 15.1) codes used to select and fit the models and the full set of predictor variables and interactions considered and their subsets selected for each response variable.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 5 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 5: Figure S1. The frequency distribution of the number of wives per male househol... more Additional file 5: Figure S1. The frequency distribution of the number of wives per male household head in each of the four sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 10 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 10: Figure S6. The frequency distribution of the mean number of households (hhs) ... more Additional file 10: Figure S6. The frequency distribution of the mean number of households (hhs) per settlement in each of the four sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 6 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 6: Figure S2. The frequency distribution of the number of children per family in ... more Additional file 6: Figure S2. The frequency distribution of the number of children per family in each of the four sites.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 4 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 4: Table S3. Adjusted means for the age of the household head based on the gamma ... more Additional file 4: Table S3. Adjusted means for the age of the household head based on the gamma regression with a log link of age on the four study sites. Lower mean and upper mean are 95% confidence limits of the mean on the original scale. Table S4. Pairwise comparisons of the adjusted means for age of household head between pairs of study sites. Table S5. Estimated slope coefficients for the number of wives per household head based on a gamma regression with the log link of the number of wives per household head on age*site and children*site. Table S6. Pairwise comparisons of the slope coefficients for the regression of the number of wives on site*age and site*children. Table S7. Estimates of coefficients of the gamma regression with a log link of the number of children per family on the number of wives per household head. Table S8. Estimates of the slope coefficients of the standard normal-theory regression of the number of years of formal education of the household head on gen...

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 2 of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Additional file 2: Table S1. Selection of predictors to include in models for each response varia... more Additional file 2: Table S1. Selection of predictors to include in models for each response variable using automatic variable selection with forward selection, the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) and strong hierarchy criteria for choosing contending models.

Research paper thumbnail of Third International Symposium on Olive Growing, Vol 1

Research paper thumbnail of SYMFOR documentation and user manual

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

Pastoralism, 2020

We analyse social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai people ... more We analyse social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai people inhabiting Kenya (three sites) and Tanzania (one site) with contrasting land tenure policies. In Kenya, land was communally owned in the rural Amboseli, fully privatized in the peri-urban Kitengela in Athi-Kaputiei and partially privatized and communally owned in the rural Maasai Mara. In Tanzania, the government owned the land but granted user rights to local villages in rural Simanjiro in Tarangire-Manyara. We interviewed 100 households per site from May to July 2006. There were regional distinctions in social demography, livelihood diversification, hiring herding labour and settlement arrangements, portraying differential transition away from traditional pastoral Maasai society. The transition is most advanced in Kitengela located near Nairobi City, where privatization of land tenure in the 1980s triggered land sub-division, unprecedented land fragmentation and large-scale collapse of...

Research paper thumbnail of Livestock-wealth inequalities and uptake of crop cultivation among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania

World Development Perspectives, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Wildebeest migration in East Africa: Status, threats and conservation measures

Migration of ungulates is under pressure worldwide from range contraction, habitat loss and degra... more Migration of ungulates is under pressure worldwide from range contraction, habitat loss and degradation, anthropogenic barriers and poaching. Here, we synthesize and compare the extent of historical migrations of the white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) to their contemporary status, in five premier East African ecosystems, namely the Serengeti-Mara, Masai Mara, Athi-Kaputiei, Amboseli and Tarangire-Manyara. The current status, threats to migration, migratory ranges and routes for wildebeest were characterized using colonial-era maps, literature reviews, GIS and aerial survey databases, GPS collared animals and interviews with long-term researchers. Interference with wildebeest migratory routes and dispersal ranges has stopped or severely threatens continuation of the historical migration patterns in all but the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem where the threat level is relatively lower. Wildebeest migration has collapsed in Athi-Kaputiei ecosystem and is facing enormous pressure...

Research paper thumbnail of Forests and poverty reduction: Action needed by development, research and training institutions

Research paper thumbnail of International overview of arrangements for national support of R&D Options for African Nations

Research paper thumbnail of Drivers and impacts of land-use change in the Maasai Steppe of northern Tanzania: an ecological, social and political analysis

Journal of Land Use Science, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Vapour Pressure Deficit Response of Cuticular Conductance in Intact Leaves ofFagus sylvaticaL

Journal of Experimental Botany, 1992

The cuticular conductance (g c ) of the astomatous adaxial surface of Fagus sylvatica L. leaves w... more The cuticular conductance (g c ) of the astomatous adaxial surface of Fagus sylvatica L. leaves was determined under varying vapour pressure deficits at a constant temperature of 20 o C. Cuticular condance was determined from the weight loss of detached leaves after both the stomatous abaxial surface and the cut end of the petiole had been sealed using low melting-point parrafin wax. Cuticular conductance was found to decrease as the water vapour pressure was increased in steps

Research paper thumbnail of Modelling rainfall interception in unlogged and logged forest areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Participatory Forestry: Sharable Lessons for Better Management of Commons

Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 2004

We review some of the experience gained through experiments with participatory management of comm... more We review some of the experience gained through experiments with participatory management of common pool resources (CPRs) in forests, with a view to developing lessons for policy and practice that can be applied in the management of CPRs in other contexts such as fisheries, water, and rangelands. We summarise lessons from experience in India, Nepal, Uganda, and Indonesia. We emphasise