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Papers by Pawankumar Sharma

International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications

There has been tremendous growth in the field of AI and machine learning. The developments across... more There has been tremendous growth in the field of AI and machine learning. The developments across these fields have resulted in a considerable increase in other FinTech fields. Cyber security has been described as an essential part of the developments associated with technology. Increased cyber security ensures that people remain protected, and that data remains safe. New methods have been integrated into developing AI that achieves cyber security. The data analysis capabilities of AI and its cyber security functions have ensured that privacy has increased significantly. The ethical concept associated with data privacy has also been advocated across most FinTech regulations. These concepts and considerations have all been engaged with the need to achieve the required ethical requirements. The concept of federated learning is a recently developed measure that achieves the abovementioned concept. It ensured the development of AI and machine learning while keeping privacy in data analy...

Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology

With digitalization at its peak, every online action we take has an environmental impact. There i... more With digitalization at its peak, every online action we take has an environmental impact. There is a growing concern about the world's ever-increasing carbon emission due to technological advancement. The vast majority of human actions have been proved harmful to the environment. This effect has been mostly tied to available carbon emissions. On the other hand, recent findings have raised awareness of digital carbon emissions. These harmful emissions represent the available CO2 emissions rate resulting from generic digitization concepts. The advancement of technology has considerably contributed to CO2 emissions. This study paper discusses the total effects of carbon emissions. It also shows the rates of carbon emissions caused by the tech industry worldwide. The article describes how digital services have boosted carbon emissions and the number of regions affected by the higher rates. The study focuses on the relationship between carbon emissions and digitization, remedies to t...

International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery

Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion and impaction in the esophagus constitute an important ca... more Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion and impaction in the esophagus constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One-third of foreign bodies retained in the gastrointestinal tract are present in the esophagus and mostly in children require endoscopic removal with rigid esophagoscopy. Aims and objectives: This study seeks to highlight the challenges in the management of esophageal FB using rigid esophagoscopy. It will also evaluate the outcome of management. Their management depends on the anatomic location, shape, size of the foreign body, and duration of impaction. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of 60 patients with confirmed esophageal foreign bodies that were managed in the ENT department of SCL Hospital, NHL Medical College, Ahmedabad, from January 2016 to June 2018. Demographic and clinical data were documented, and simple statistical tables were used to illustrate the data. Results: The data of 60 patients were retrieved from ENT emergencies. Fifty (83.33%) patients had radiologic confirmation of foreign bodies in their esophagus, and 10 (16.67%) were further confirmed during esophagoscopy. There were 35 (58.33%) males and 25 (41.67%) females with male:female ratio of 1:1.4. The age range was 1-70 years with a mean of 35 ± 6.88 years. Majority of the foreign bodies, 50 (83.33%), were impacted in the cricopharyngeal sphincter of the esophagus. Dentures ranked highest among the adult population, 15 (25%) cases, while coins ranked highest in the pediatric populations, 20(33.33%) cases. Six (10%) cases presented to the hospital after 72 hours. Complications occurred in 5 (8.33%) cases. Conclusion: The management of impacted esophageal foreign bodies with rigid esophagoscopy was safe, reliable, and an effective procedure despite its challenges.

Background: Clogmia albipunctata is cosmopolitan in distribution. The adult flies can survive and... more Background: Clogmia albipunctata is cosmopolitan in distribution. The adult flies can survive and spread outdoors during the temperate seasons while continuously breeding in buildings during the winter months. Because they are non-biting, tiny and quite, most of people do not pay special attention to them. It is the first case reported that Clogmia albipunctata larvae cause human residual root myiasis.Case presentation: In December 2020, a 26-year-old woman was referred from Kaifeng New District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital to the Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College of Henan University with chief complaint that two active alive larvae were found in the mouth while brushing her teeth in the morning. The intraoral examination revealed nice oral hygiene and no larvae was found directly. The right second mandibular molar was a residual root and the mucosa above it was mild erythematous and edematous and no bleeding on probing was present. While some 50℃ normal s...

International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is widely prevalent in Indian populatio... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is widely prevalent in Indian populations. Very few studies that reported risk factors for low BMD and osteoporosis did not explore its relationship with age and sex. Objectives were to determine the prevalence of low BMD and osteoporosis in urban adults, and study the age- and sex-wise trends of changing BMD. METHODOLOGY: BMD of 521 healthy adults aged 20 years or more was tested using quantitative ultrasound of right tibia, and T-scores thus obtained indicated normal or low BMD. Multivariate analysis was done to calculate odds ratios for risk factors for low BMD and osteoporosis. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent participants had low BMD. Low BMD increased significantly with increasing age in both genders. An increase in age per standard deviation (SD) was associated with four-fold increase in risk of low BMD for both women (odds ratio [OR]: 4.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.61–8.92) and men (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 2.44–7.05). Age per SD (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.37–3.81) and age–gender interaction (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17) was positively associated with osteoporosis. Increasing age by one SD was associated with seven-fold increase (OR: 7.35, 95% CI: 3.51–15.40) in risk of osteoporosis among women. CONCLUSIONS: Low BMD is highly prevalent in South Indian urban population. Low BMD and osteoporosis were positively associated with increasing age. Loss of BMD appeared to begin at young ages thereby indicating the need for early institution of prevention measures.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 2012

Transient signal abnormality in the splenium of corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging (MR... more Transient signal abnormality in the splenium of corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is occasionally encountered in clinical practice. It has been reported in various clinical conditions apart from patients with epilepsy. We describe 4 patients with different etiologies presenting with signal changes in the splenium of corpus callosum. They were diagnosed as having progressive myoclonic epilepsy (case 1), localization-related epilepsy (case 2), hemicrania continua (case 3), and postinfectious parkinsonism (case 4). While three patients had complete involvement of the splenium on diffusion-weighted image ("boomerang sign"), the patient having hemicrania continua showed semilunar involvement ("mini-boomerang") on T2-weighted and FLAIR image. All the cases had noncontiguous involvement of the splenium. We herein, discuss these cases with transient splenial involvement and stress that such patients do not need aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic inte...

Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing

The rise in urban population and technological innovation has resulted in climatic, technological... more The rise in urban population and technological innovation has resulted in climatic, technological, and economic changes that can severely impact the value of life in cities. In reaction to the changes, the idea of smart cities has been developed, which refers to the novel application of information communication technology to minimize the severe impacts on the cities and their occupants. Artificial Intelligence is among the technologies being adopted to develop smart cities. Research shows that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is improving rapidly, and it plays a substantial role in helping intelligent city-wide systems in various domains. Thus, it is vital to decide the modern research advances to realize the role played by Artificial Intelligence in smart cities for intelligence gathering and dissemination. Also, there is a need to analyze the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and smart cities scientifically. To identify this relationship, this research paper will focus on ...

International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications

There has been tremendous growth in the field of AI and machine learning. The developments across... more There has been tremendous growth in the field of AI and machine learning. The developments across these fields have resulted in a considerable increase in other FinTech fields. Cyber security has been described as an essential part of the developments associated with technology. Increased cyber security ensures that people remain protected, and that data remains safe. New methods have been integrated into developing AI that achieves cyber security. The data analysis capabilities of AI and its cyber security functions have ensured that privacy has increased significantly. The ethical concept associated with data privacy has also been advocated across most FinTech regulations. These concepts and considerations have all been engaged with the need to achieve the required ethical requirements. The concept of federated learning is a recently developed measure that achieves the abovementioned concept. It ensured the development of AI and machine learning while keeping privacy in data analy...

Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology

With digitalization at its peak, every online action we take has an environmental impact. There i... more With digitalization at its peak, every online action we take has an environmental impact. There is a growing concern about the world's ever-increasing carbon emission due to technological advancement. The vast majority of human actions have been proved harmful to the environment. This effect has been mostly tied to available carbon emissions. On the other hand, recent findings have raised awareness of digital carbon emissions. These harmful emissions represent the available CO2 emissions rate resulting from generic digitization concepts. The advancement of technology has considerably contributed to CO2 emissions. This study paper discusses the total effects of carbon emissions. It also shows the rates of carbon emissions caused by the tech industry worldwide. The article describes how digital services have boosted carbon emissions and the number of regions affected by the higher rates. The study focuses on the relationship between carbon emissions and digitization, remedies to t...

International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery

Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion and impaction in the esophagus constitute an important ca... more Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion and impaction in the esophagus constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One-third of foreign bodies retained in the gastrointestinal tract are present in the esophagus and mostly in children require endoscopic removal with rigid esophagoscopy. Aims and objectives: This study seeks to highlight the challenges in the management of esophageal FB using rigid esophagoscopy. It will also evaluate the outcome of management. Their management depends on the anatomic location, shape, size of the foreign body, and duration of impaction. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of 60 patients with confirmed esophageal foreign bodies that were managed in the ENT department of SCL Hospital, NHL Medical College, Ahmedabad, from January 2016 to June 2018. Demographic and clinical data were documented, and simple statistical tables were used to illustrate the data. Results: The data of 60 patients were retrieved from ENT emergencies. Fifty (83.33%) patients had radiologic confirmation of foreign bodies in their esophagus, and 10 (16.67%) were further confirmed during esophagoscopy. There were 35 (58.33%) males and 25 (41.67%) females with male:female ratio of 1:1.4. The age range was 1-70 years with a mean of 35 ± 6.88 years. Majority of the foreign bodies, 50 (83.33%), were impacted in the cricopharyngeal sphincter of the esophagus. Dentures ranked highest among the adult population, 15 (25%) cases, while coins ranked highest in the pediatric populations, 20(33.33%) cases. Six (10%) cases presented to the hospital after 72 hours. Complications occurred in 5 (8.33%) cases. Conclusion: The management of impacted esophageal foreign bodies with rigid esophagoscopy was safe, reliable, and an effective procedure despite its challenges.

Background: Clogmia albipunctata is cosmopolitan in distribution. The adult flies can survive and... more Background: Clogmia albipunctata is cosmopolitan in distribution. The adult flies can survive and spread outdoors during the temperate seasons while continuously breeding in buildings during the winter months. Because they are non-biting, tiny and quite, most of people do not pay special attention to them. It is the first case reported that Clogmia albipunctata larvae cause human residual root myiasis.Case presentation: In December 2020, a 26-year-old woman was referred from Kaifeng New District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital to the Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College of Henan University with chief complaint that two active alive larvae were found in the mouth while brushing her teeth in the morning. The intraoral examination revealed nice oral hygiene and no larvae was found directly. The right second mandibular molar was a residual root and the mucosa above it was mild erythematous and edematous and no bleeding on probing was present. While some 50℃ normal s...

International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is widely prevalent in Indian populatio... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is widely prevalent in Indian populations. Very few studies that reported risk factors for low BMD and osteoporosis did not explore its relationship with age and sex. Objectives were to determine the prevalence of low BMD and osteoporosis in urban adults, and study the age- and sex-wise trends of changing BMD. METHODOLOGY: BMD of 521 healthy adults aged 20 years or more was tested using quantitative ultrasound of right tibia, and T-scores thus obtained indicated normal or low BMD. Multivariate analysis was done to calculate odds ratios for risk factors for low BMD and osteoporosis. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent participants had low BMD. Low BMD increased significantly with increasing age in both genders. An increase in age per standard deviation (SD) was associated with four-fold increase in risk of low BMD for both women (odds ratio [OR]: 4.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.61–8.92) and men (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 2.44–7.05). Age per SD (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.37–3.81) and age–gender interaction (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17) was positively associated with osteoporosis. Increasing age by one SD was associated with seven-fold increase (OR: 7.35, 95% CI: 3.51–15.40) in risk of osteoporosis among women. CONCLUSIONS: Low BMD is highly prevalent in South Indian urban population. Low BMD and osteoporosis were positively associated with increasing age. Loss of BMD appeared to begin at young ages thereby indicating the need for early institution of prevention measures.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 2012

Transient signal abnormality in the splenium of corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging (MR... more Transient signal abnormality in the splenium of corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is occasionally encountered in clinical practice. It has been reported in various clinical conditions apart from patients with epilepsy. We describe 4 patients with different etiologies presenting with signal changes in the splenium of corpus callosum. They were diagnosed as having progressive myoclonic epilepsy (case 1), localization-related epilepsy (case 2), hemicrania continua (case 3), and postinfectious parkinsonism (case 4). While three patients had complete involvement of the splenium on diffusion-weighted image ("boomerang sign"), the patient having hemicrania continua showed semilunar involvement ("mini-boomerang") on T2-weighted and FLAIR image. All the cases had noncontiguous involvement of the splenium. We herein, discuss these cases with transient splenial involvement and stress that such patients do not need aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic inte...

Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing

The rise in urban population and technological innovation has resulted in climatic, technological... more The rise in urban population and technological innovation has resulted in climatic, technological, and economic changes that can severely impact the value of life in cities. In reaction to the changes, the idea of smart cities has been developed, which refers to the novel application of information communication technology to minimize the severe impacts on the cities and their occupants. Artificial Intelligence is among the technologies being adopted to develop smart cities. Research shows that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is improving rapidly, and it plays a substantial role in helping intelligent city-wide systems in various domains. Thus, it is vital to decide the modern research advances to realize the role played by Artificial Intelligence in smart cities for intelligence gathering and dissemination. Also, there is a need to analyze the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and smart cities scientifically. To identify this relationship, this research paper will focus on ...