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Papers by Lauren Pedersen
i-Perception, 2019
A single experiment evaluated the haptic-visual cross-modal matching of solid object shape. One s... more A single experiment evaluated the haptic-visual cross-modal matching of solid object shape. One set of randomly shaped artificial objects was used (sinusoidally modulated spheres, SMS) as well as two sets of naturally shaped objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum and sweet potatoes, Ipomoea batatas). A total of 66 adults participated in the study. The participants' task was to haptically explore a single object on any particular trial and subsequently indicate which of 12 simultaneously visible objects possessed the same shape. The participants' performance for the natural objects
Perception, 2016
The ability of 26 younger (mean age was 22.5 years) and older adults (mean age was 72.6 years) to... more The ability of 26 younger (mean age was 22.5 years) and older adults (mean age was 72.6 years) to haptically perceive material properties was evaluated. The participants manually explored (for 5 seconds) 42 surfaces twice and placed each of these 84 experimental stimuli into one of seven categories: paper, plastic, metal, wood, stone, fabric, and fur/leather. In general, the participants were best able to identify fur/leather and wood materials; in contrast, recognition performance was worst for stone and paper. Despite similar overall patterns of performance for younger and older participants, the younger adults’ recognition accuracies were 26.5% higher. The participants’ tactile acuities (assessed by tactile grating orientation discrimination) affected their ability to identify surface material. In particular, the Pearson r correlation coefficient relating the participants’ grating orientation thresholds and their material identification performance was −0.8: The higher the partic...
Perception, 2017
A total of 36 younger (mean age = 21.3 years) and older adults (mean age = 73.8 years) haptically... more A total of 36 younger (mean age = 21.3 years) and older adults (mean age = 73.8 years) haptically explored plastic copies of naturally shaped objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) one at a time for 7 s each. The participants’ task was to then choose which of 12 concurrently visible objects had the same solid shape as the one they felt. The younger and older participants explored the object shapes using either one, three, or five fingers (there were six participants for each combination of number of fingers and age group). The outcome was different from that of previous research conducted with manmade objects. Unlike Jansson and Monaci (2006) , we found that for most objects, our participants’ performance was unaffected by variations in the number of fingers used for haptic exploration. While there was no significant overall effect of the number of fingers, there was a significant main effect of age. The younger adults’ shape matching performance was 48.6% higher than that of the o...
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 2017
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of younger and older adults to recognize 3... more Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of younger and older adults to recognize 3-D object shape from patterns of optical motion. In Experiment 1, participants were required to identify dotted surfaces that rotated in depth (i.e., surface structure portrayed using the kinetic depth effect). The task difficulty was manipulated by limiting the surface point lifetimes within the stimulus apparent motion sequences. In Experiment 2, the participants identified solid, naturally shaped objects (replicas of bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) that were defined by occlusion boundary contours, patterns of specular highlights, or combined optical patterns containing both boundary contours and specular highlights. Significant and adverse effects of increased age were found in both experiments. Despite the fact that previous research has found that increases in age do not reduce solid shape discrimination, our current results indicated that the same conclusion does not hold for shape identification. We demonstrated that aging results in a reduction in the ability to visually recognize 3-D shape independent of how the 3-D structure is defined (motions of isolated points, deformations of smooth optical fields containing specular highlights, etc.).
Vision research, Jan 13, 2015
The ability of 20 younger (mean age was 21.8 years) and older adults (mean age was 71.5 years) to... more The ability of 20 younger (mean age was 21.8 years) and older adults (mean age was 71.5 years) to visually perceive exocentric distances outdoors was evaluated. The observers adjusted the extent of in-depth spatial intervals until they appeared identical to fronto-parallel intervals of 4 and 8 m. The frontal and in-depth intervals were viewed from a distance of 8 m. Almost all of the observers' judgments were inaccurate and most reflected perceptual compressions in depth: e.g., an in-depth interval of 10 m would appear to have the same extent as a physically smaller 8 m frontal interval. Some observers' judgments, however, were consistent with perceptual expansions of in-depth intervals. No significant effects of age were obtained in the current study: both younger and older adults exhibited perceptual compressions and expansions of in-depth intervals. This outcome differs from that of a recent experiment conducted by our laboratory (Norman, Adkins, Norman, Cox, & Rogers, 20...
Viruses, 2021
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite the advent of antiretroviral thera... more HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), suggesting underlying systemic and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory mechanisms. The endogenous cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) modulate inflammatory gene expression and play an important role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Cannabis use is disproportionately high among people with HIV (PWH) and may provide a neuroprotective effect for those on ART due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, expression profiles of CB1 and CB2 in the brains of PWH on ART with HAND have not been reported. In this study, biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine CB1 and CB2 expression in the brain specimens of HAND donors. Immunoblot revealed that CB1 and CB2 were differentially expressed in the frontal cortices of HAND brains compared to neurocognitively unimpaired (NUI) brains of PWH. CB1 expression levels negatively correlated with m...
Perception, 2018
In the current study of haptic distance perception, 20 younger (median age: 22 years) and 20 olde... more In the current study of haptic distance perception, 20 younger (median age: 22 years) and 20 older adults (median age: 72 years) used active touch to estimate distance ratios(one length relative to another). Nine tactile stimuli were created from wooden dowels; each consisted of two perpendicular dowels. The stimulus distance ratios ranged from 1.0 to 5.0. Each participant used both hands (without vision) to actively explore (30 s) a single stimulus object on every trial. The task was to numerically estimate the distance ratio. Overall, the participants’ judgments were precise; the overall magnitude of the Pearson r correlation coefficient was 0.943 and did not differ for younger and older adults. While the participants’ judgments were precise, they were not completely accurate: The average slope (of the relationship between actual and judged distance ratios) for all participants was significantly greater than 1.0 (1.15). Surprisingly, differences in manual dexterity had no apparent...
Çalışanların hizmet gösterimlerini ifade ederlerken, müşteriler ile iletişim halindeyken, örgütle... more Çalışanların hizmet gösterimlerini ifade ederlerken, müşteriler ile iletişim halindeyken, örgütlerin belirlemiş oldukları kurallar çerçevesinde harcamış oldukları çaba olarak bilinen duygusal emek, hizmet alan kişiler ile yüzyüze veya sözlü iletişim gerektiren işlerde sergilenmektedir. Eğitim sektöründe de duygusal emek sergilenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kişiliğin duygusal emekle ilişkisinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla literatür çalışması yapılmış olup, hipotezler geliştirilmiştir ve test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini 2016 yılı Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu verilerine göre İstanbul ilinde bulunan vakıf üniversitelerindeki 5205 akademik personel oluşturmuş olup, örneklem olarak 540 akademik personel ele alınmıştır. Araştırmaya katılanlara 19 sorudan oluşan Duygusal Emek Ölçeği, 20 sorudan oluşan Kişilik Ölçeği yöneltilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın analizine göre; sorumluluk, dışadönüklük ve duygusal denge kişilik özelliklerinin duygusal emek üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Eğitim sektöründe duygusal emeğin incelenerek kişilikle ilişkisi konusunda yapılan bu çalışmanın, alanla ilgilenen araştırmacılara faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
i-Perception, 2019
A single experiment evaluated the haptic-visual cross-modal matching of solid object shape. One s... more A single experiment evaluated the haptic-visual cross-modal matching of solid object shape. One set of randomly shaped artificial objects was used (sinusoidally modulated spheres, SMS) as well as two sets of naturally shaped objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum and sweet potatoes, Ipomoea batatas). A total of 66 adults participated in the study. The participants' task was to haptically explore a single object on any particular trial and subsequently indicate which of 12 simultaneously visible objects possessed the same shape. The participants' performance for the natural objects
Perception, 2016
The ability of 26 younger (mean age was 22.5 years) and older adults (mean age was 72.6 years) to... more The ability of 26 younger (mean age was 22.5 years) and older adults (mean age was 72.6 years) to haptically perceive material properties was evaluated. The participants manually explored (for 5 seconds) 42 surfaces twice and placed each of these 84 experimental stimuli into one of seven categories: paper, plastic, metal, wood, stone, fabric, and fur/leather. In general, the participants were best able to identify fur/leather and wood materials; in contrast, recognition performance was worst for stone and paper. Despite similar overall patterns of performance for younger and older participants, the younger adults’ recognition accuracies were 26.5% higher. The participants’ tactile acuities (assessed by tactile grating orientation discrimination) affected their ability to identify surface material. In particular, the Pearson r correlation coefficient relating the participants’ grating orientation thresholds and their material identification performance was −0.8: The higher the partic...
Perception, 2017
A total of 36 younger (mean age = 21.3 years) and older adults (mean age = 73.8 years) haptically... more A total of 36 younger (mean age = 21.3 years) and older adults (mean age = 73.8 years) haptically explored plastic copies of naturally shaped objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) one at a time for 7 s each. The participants’ task was to then choose which of 12 concurrently visible objects had the same solid shape as the one they felt. The younger and older participants explored the object shapes using either one, three, or five fingers (there were six participants for each combination of number of fingers and age group). The outcome was different from that of previous research conducted with manmade objects. Unlike Jansson and Monaci (2006) , we found that for most objects, our participants’ performance was unaffected by variations in the number of fingers used for haptic exploration. While there was no significant overall effect of the number of fingers, there was a significant main effect of age. The younger adults’ shape matching performance was 48.6% higher than that of the o...
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 2017
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of younger and older adults to recognize 3... more Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of younger and older adults to recognize 3-D object shape from patterns of optical motion. In Experiment 1, participants were required to identify dotted surfaces that rotated in depth (i.e., surface structure portrayed using the kinetic depth effect). The task difficulty was manipulated by limiting the surface point lifetimes within the stimulus apparent motion sequences. In Experiment 2, the participants identified solid, naturally shaped objects (replicas of bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) that were defined by occlusion boundary contours, patterns of specular highlights, or combined optical patterns containing both boundary contours and specular highlights. Significant and adverse effects of increased age were found in both experiments. Despite the fact that previous research has found that increases in age do not reduce solid shape discrimination, our current results indicated that the same conclusion does not hold for shape identification. We demonstrated that aging results in a reduction in the ability to visually recognize 3-D shape independent of how the 3-D structure is defined (motions of isolated points, deformations of smooth optical fields containing specular highlights, etc.).
Vision research, Jan 13, 2015
The ability of 20 younger (mean age was 21.8 years) and older adults (mean age was 71.5 years) to... more The ability of 20 younger (mean age was 21.8 years) and older adults (mean age was 71.5 years) to visually perceive exocentric distances outdoors was evaluated. The observers adjusted the extent of in-depth spatial intervals until they appeared identical to fronto-parallel intervals of 4 and 8 m. The frontal and in-depth intervals were viewed from a distance of 8 m. Almost all of the observers' judgments were inaccurate and most reflected perceptual compressions in depth: e.g., an in-depth interval of 10 m would appear to have the same extent as a physically smaller 8 m frontal interval. Some observers' judgments, however, were consistent with perceptual expansions of in-depth intervals. No significant effects of age were obtained in the current study: both younger and older adults exhibited perceptual compressions and expansions of in-depth intervals. This outcome differs from that of a recent experiment conducted by our laboratory (Norman, Adkins, Norman, Cox, & Rogers, 20...
Viruses, 2021
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite the advent of antiretroviral thera... more HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), suggesting underlying systemic and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory mechanisms. The endogenous cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) modulate inflammatory gene expression and play an important role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Cannabis use is disproportionately high among people with HIV (PWH) and may provide a neuroprotective effect for those on ART due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, expression profiles of CB1 and CB2 in the brains of PWH on ART with HAND have not been reported. In this study, biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine CB1 and CB2 expression in the brain specimens of HAND donors. Immunoblot revealed that CB1 and CB2 were differentially expressed in the frontal cortices of HAND brains compared to neurocognitively unimpaired (NUI) brains of PWH. CB1 expression levels negatively correlated with m...
Perception, 2018
In the current study of haptic distance perception, 20 younger (median age: 22 years) and 20 olde... more In the current study of haptic distance perception, 20 younger (median age: 22 years) and 20 older adults (median age: 72 years) used active touch to estimate distance ratios(one length relative to another). Nine tactile stimuli were created from wooden dowels; each consisted of two perpendicular dowels. The stimulus distance ratios ranged from 1.0 to 5.0. Each participant used both hands (without vision) to actively explore (30 s) a single stimulus object on every trial. The task was to numerically estimate the distance ratio. Overall, the participants’ judgments were precise; the overall magnitude of the Pearson r correlation coefficient was 0.943 and did not differ for younger and older adults. While the participants’ judgments were precise, they were not completely accurate: The average slope (of the relationship between actual and judged distance ratios) for all participants was significantly greater than 1.0 (1.15). Surprisingly, differences in manual dexterity had no apparent...
Çalışanların hizmet gösterimlerini ifade ederlerken, müşteriler ile iletişim halindeyken, örgütle... more Çalışanların hizmet gösterimlerini ifade ederlerken, müşteriler ile iletişim halindeyken, örgütlerin belirlemiş oldukları kurallar çerçevesinde harcamış oldukları çaba olarak bilinen duygusal emek, hizmet alan kişiler ile yüzyüze veya sözlü iletişim gerektiren işlerde sergilenmektedir. Eğitim sektöründe de duygusal emek sergilenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kişiliğin duygusal emekle ilişkisinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla literatür çalışması yapılmış olup, hipotezler geliştirilmiştir ve test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini 2016 yılı Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu verilerine göre İstanbul ilinde bulunan vakıf üniversitelerindeki 5205 akademik personel oluşturmuş olup, örneklem olarak 540 akademik personel ele alınmıştır. Araştırmaya katılanlara 19 sorudan oluşan Duygusal Emek Ölçeği, 20 sorudan oluşan Kişilik Ölçeği yöneltilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın analizine göre; sorumluluk, dışadönüklük ve duygusal denge kişilik özelliklerinin duygusal emek üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Eğitim sektöründe duygusal emeğin incelenerek kişilikle ilişkisi konusunda yapılan bu çalışmanın, alanla ilgilenen araştırmacılara faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.