Pedro C Hidalgo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Pedro C Hidalgo
Human Biology, 2014
The way that immigrants integrate to recipient societies has been discussed for decades, mainly f... more The way that immigrants integrate to recipient societies has been discussed for decades, mainly from the perspective of the social sciences. Uruguay, as other American countries, received different waves of European immigrants, although the details of the process of assimilation, when occurred, are unclear. In this paper, we use genetic markers to understand the process experienced by the Basques, one of the major migration waves that populated Uruguay, and its relation to other immigrants as well as to Native American and African descendants. For this purpose, we analyze the allele frequencies of ten ALU loci (A25, ACE, APOA1, B65, F13B, PV92, TPA25, HS2.43, and HS4.65) in three samples from Uruguay (two of Basque-descendants, one of non-Basque-descendants) from two locations: Montevideo and Trinidad. No departure from Hardy-Weinberg expectations was observed, with the exceptions of the APO and D1 loci in the non-Basque descendants' sample. Our data show that the maximum genetic contribution in the three samples comes from Europe (78% to 88%) with minor African (10% to 15%) and Native American (0% to 10%) contributions to the present-day Uruguayan population. Genetic distances reveal that Basque-descendants from Trinidad cluster with Europeans, while both Montevideo samples cluster together and separate from other populations, showing two different ways of integration, related to the general characteristics of each regional population.
International Journal of Advertising, 1998
This study attempts to shed light on selected aspects of advertising management in three countrie... more This study attempts to shed light on selected aspects of advertising management in three countries-Chile, Japan, and the United States-as perceived by practitioners. Prior research indicated a dearth of comparative work on this subject. Specific topics addressed include approving advertising, planning media, measuring effectiveness, and budgeting. The criteria used to evaluate each of the four topics revealed significant differences in advertising management thought even though, directionally, findings were frequendy similar. While the principles of advertising management may be universal, cultural, organisational, and quantitative (versus qualitative) emphasis were deemed to be factors accounting for differences in the practice among the three countries. Comparative analyses of the management of advertising are central to developing scientific understanding of this critical component of international marketing (Samiee and Jeong, 1994). This study explores and compares the beliefs and practices of advertising managers in Chile, Japan, and the US with regard to the importance and use of advertising management ideas and techniques in advertising planning.
Earthquake Spectra, 1989
Most recent seismic codes include response modification factors in the definition of the equivale... more Most recent seismic codes include response modification factors in the definition of the equivalent lateral forces that are used for the design of earthquake resistant buildings. The response modification factors (R) are used to reduce the linear elastic design spectrum to account for the energy dissipation capacity of the structure. The evaluation of these response modification factors for various sets of earthquake records and ductility factors is presented herein. Special attention is given to the short period range where the reduction of linear elastic response spectra is smaller than the values for intermediate and long period structures. An idealized and simple variation of the response modification factor as a function of the period of vibration, suitable for seismic codes formulation, is also presented.
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 2013
The authors review the concept of resistant hypertension and the involvement of the sympathetic n... more The authors review the concept of resistant hypertension and the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension as a rational basis for the technique of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) performed percutaneously. This revision is the result of an active search for scientific articles with the term "renal denervation" in the Medline and PubMed databases. The techniques and devices used in the procedure are presented, as well as clinical outcomes at six, 12 and 24 months after the intervention with the Symplicity catheter. Significant decreases and progressively higher reductions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed after RSD. The complication rate was minimal. New devices for RSD and its ongoing clinical studies are cited. In conclusion, the RSD presents itself as an effective and safe approach to resistant hypertension. Results from ongoing studies and longer follow-up of these patients are expected to confirm the initial results and put into perspective the expansion of the procedure use in hypertension approach. Brandão et al Renal sympathetic denervation and arterial hypertension
Abstract: Wirelessly interconnected handheld devices allow Collaborative 1: 1, or faceto-face Com... more Abstract: Wirelessly interconnected handheld devices allow Collaborative 1: 1, or faceto-face Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, which has shown to be a technology that fosters collaboration and constructivist learning. Dissemination of the technology has been slow mainly due to the technology cost. To provide Pocket PCs to a whole classroom is beyond emerging markets reach. Mobile phones are an alternative. Users buy them, releasing public money to be invested in the classroom technology. A second alternative ...
American Journal of Human Biology, Jan 25, 2023
Uruguay has one of the highest per capita milk intakes worldwide, even with a limited supply of l... more Uruguay has one of the highest per capita milk intakes worldwide, even with a limited supply of lactose‐free products; furthermore, the admixed nature of its population is well known, and various frequencies of lactase persistence (LP) are observed in the source populations. We aimed to contribute to the understanding of the relation between allelic variants associated with LP, milk consumption, digestive symptoms, and genetic ancestry in the Uruguayan population. Samples of saliva or peripheral blood were collected from 190 unrelated individuals from two regions of Uruguay, genotypes for polymorphic sites in a fragment within the LCT enhancer were determined and allelic frequencies calculated in all of them. Data were collected on frequency of milk and dairy consumption and self‐reported symptoms in a subsample of 153 individuals. Biparental and maternal ancestry was determined by analyzing individual ancestry markers and mitochondrial DNA. Twenty‐nine percentage of individuals reported symptoms attributed to the ingestion of fresh milk, with abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence being the most frequent. European LP‐associated allele T‐13910 showed a frequency of 33%, while other LP‐associated alleles like G‐13915 and T‐14011 were observed in very low frequencies. Associations between self‐reported symptoms, fresh milk intake, and C/T‐13910 genotype were statistically significant. No evidence of association between genetic ancestry and C/T‐13910 was found, although individuals carrying one T‐13910 allele appeared to have more European ancestry. In conclusion, the main polymorphism capable of predicting lactose intolerance in Uruguayans is C/T‐13910, although more studies are required to unravel the relation between genotype and lactase activity, especially in heterozygotes.
American Journal of Human Biology
BackgroundWith regard to the origin of its population and microevolutionary processes, Uruguay ex... more BackgroundWith regard to the origin of its population and microevolutionary processes, Uruguay exhibits distinctive features that distinguish it from other countries in Latin America, while at the same time sharing several similarities. In this article, we will focus on the variability of paternal genetic lineages in two geographical regions with different histories that can be considered as examples of distinct populations for the continent. In general terms, the genetic diversity is a result of different demographic processes related to the American conquest and colonisation. These resulted in distinct ancestral components which vary geographical and depend on the distribution by sex within these components. In Uruguay, native maternal haplogroups are significantly more frequent in the North. Although there are several studies about the geneticvariability of Uruguay, little is known about male genetic lineages.AimsThe aim of this work is to present an updated study of the male gen...
Journal of Energy and Power Technology
Hybrid composites based on inorganic nanomaterials embedded into a polymer matrix have were synth... more Hybrid composites based on inorganic nanomaterials embedded into a polymer matrix have were synthesized and characterized. Oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (SnO, SnO2, TiO2, Ga2O3, and NiO) and Si nanoparticles were employed as inorganic counterparts in the hybrid composite, while a conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) with diverse additives was used as the organic matrix. The composites were spin-coated on Si or glass substrates. The potential use of these materials in photovoltaic devices to improve Si surface passivation behavior was investigated. Besides, the use of the nanoparticles as active materials for anodes in Li-ion batteries was evaluated. Some other aspects, such as the durability and stability of these materials, were also assessed.
ResumenIntroduccion: Uruguay posee un sistema solidario de financiacion de trasplante a traves de... more ResumenIntroduccion: Uruguay posee un sistema solidario de financiacion de trasplante a traves delFondo Nacional de Recursos y del Banco Nacional de Organos y Tejidos (BNOT).En el trasplante alogenico de medula osea la compatibilidad HLA es una barrera biologicaimportante. Las frecuencias alelicas y haplotipicas HLA son utilizadas para determinar laprobabilidad de encontrar un donante con un fenotipo particular HLA y para predecir elefecto de diversos esquemas de adjudicacion basados en la compatibilidad en este sistema. ElLaboratorio de Inmunogenetica e Histocompatibilidad tipifica a todos los receptores ydonantes del pais. En este marco se ha iniciado un programa cuyo objetivo central esorganizar un sistema de registro, tipificacion y busqueda de donantes no relacionados a nivelnacional (SINDOME).Los objetivos del presente trabajo han sido analizar los receptores tipificados para TMOalogenico en nuestro servicio en el periodo enero 1997 - mayo 2002, y caracterizar laconstitucion g...
Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay, 2020
Todos los autores declaran haber colaborado en forma significativa.
Human Biology, 2019
Tacuarembó is a department located in the northeastern of Uruguay, whose population is the result... more Tacuarembó is a department located in the northeastern of Uruguay, whose population is the result of several migration waves from Europe and Near East as well as Africans and Afrodescents mostly from Brazil, these waves settled on the territory of various Native ethnic groups (Charrúa, Minuán, and Guaraní). In the past, this population has been the focus of genetic studies showing this tri-hybrid origin, with greater contributions of Natives and Africans than other Uruguayan regions. In this paper we aim to analyze Alu insertions (A25, ACE, APOA1, B65, D1, F13B, PV92, TPA25) in order to provide valuable information for ancestrality and genetic differentiation (GD), and to compare with previous studies on
Sangre, 1995
A total number of 1,149 specimens of cord-blood were subjected to cellulose acetate gel electroph... more A total number of 1,149 specimens of cord-blood were subjected to cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis in order to estimate the incidence of haemoglobinopathies in newborn infants (NBI). It was found that 4.37% of black NBI and 0.54% of white NBI were AS carriers. Those samples with HbS or HbC were verified by means of agar-citrate electrophoresis at pH 6.2. Haemoglobin Bart was commonest in black (3.1%) than in white (0.4%) NBI. A slow haemoglobin variant was found with an alpha-chain mutation. The concentration of gamma G was estimated by separation of gamma G and gamma A chains with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it ranged between 52% and 94%, which could be attributed to the fact that the shift from HbF to HbA is not simultaneous in all the red-cell population.
Sangre, 1999
To evaluate the catalytic activity of the red cell enzyme, glutathione reductase (GR) in pregnant... more To evaluate the catalytic activity of the red cell enzyme, glutathione reductase (GR) in pregnant women with Hb AS and with Hb AA, and in a group of non-pregnant women with Hb AA, as well as the relationship of GR deficiency with Hb S. The catalytic activity was determined in presence and absence of FAD by means of a modified Long and Carson technique. 59 pregnant women with AS and 33 with AA phenotypes were studied. Differences were found in the enzyme's catalytic activity with and without FAD, both in pregnant women with Hb AS (mean values 37.17 nka/g y Hb in whites and 42.84 nkat/g HS in afro people) and in those with Hb AA, and also in non-pregnant women with Hb AA. A high frequency of GR deficiency was found in all groups due to an insufficient riboflavin supply in diet. A correlation between GR deficiency and Hb S could not be demonstrated. The coefficient of activity of red cell GR shows a tendency to increase in pregnancy due to certain riboflavin deficit of diet.
Human Biology, 2014
The way that immigrants integrate to recipient societies has been discussed for decades, mainly f... more The way that immigrants integrate to recipient societies has been discussed for decades, mainly from the perspective of the social sciences. Uruguay, as other American countries, received different waves of European immigrants, although the details of the process of assimilation, when occurred, are unclear. In this paper, we use genetic markers to understand the process experienced by the Basques, one of the major migration waves that populated Uruguay, and its relation to other immigrants as well as to Native American and African descendants. For this purpose, we analyze the allele frequencies of ten ALU loci (A25, ACE, APOA1, B65, F13B, PV92, TPA25, HS2.43, and HS4.65) in three samples from Uruguay (two of Basque-descendants, one of non-Basque-descendants) from two locations: Montevideo and Trinidad. No departure from Hardy-Weinberg expectations was observed, with the exceptions of the APO and D1 loci in the non-Basque descendants' sample. Our data show that the maximum genetic contribution in the three samples comes from Europe (78% to 88%) with minor African (10% to 15%) and Native American (0% to 10%) contributions to the present-day Uruguayan population. Genetic distances reveal that Basque-descendants from Trinidad cluster with Europeans, while both Montevideo samples cluster together and separate from other populations, showing two different ways of integration, related to the general characteristics of each regional population.
International Journal of Advertising, 1998
This study attempts to shed light on selected aspects of advertising management in three countrie... more This study attempts to shed light on selected aspects of advertising management in three countries-Chile, Japan, and the United States-as perceived by practitioners. Prior research indicated a dearth of comparative work on this subject. Specific topics addressed include approving advertising, planning media, measuring effectiveness, and budgeting. The criteria used to evaluate each of the four topics revealed significant differences in advertising management thought even though, directionally, findings were frequendy similar. While the principles of advertising management may be universal, cultural, organisational, and quantitative (versus qualitative) emphasis were deemed to be factors accounting for differences in the practice among the three countries. Comparative analyses of the management of advertising are central to developing scientific understanding of this critical component of international marketing (Samiee and Jeong, 1994). This study explores and compares the beliefs and practices of advertising managers in Chile, Japan, and the US with regard to the importance and use of advertising management ideas and techniques in advertising planning.
Earthquake Spectra, 1989
Most recent seismic codes include response modification factors in the definition of the equivale... more Most recent seismic codes include response modification factors in the definition of the equivalent lateral forces that are used for the design of earthquake resistant buildings. The response modification factors (R) are used to reduce the linear elastic design spectrum to account for the energy dissipation capacity of the structure. The evaluation of these response modification factors for various sets of earthquake records and ductility factors is presented herein. Special attention is given to the short period range where the reduction of linear elastic response spectra is smaller than the values for intermediate and long period structures. An idealized and simple variation of the response modification factor as a function of the period of vibration, suitable for seismic codes formulation, is also presented.
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 2013
The authors review the concept of resistant hypertension and the involvement of the sympathetic n... more The authors review the concept of resistant hypertension and the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension as a rational basis for the technique of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) performed percutaneously. This revision is the result of an active search for scientific articles with the term "renal denervation" in the Medline and PubMed databases. The techniques and devices used in the procedure are presented, as well as clinical outcomes at six, 12 and 24 months after the intervention with the Symplicity catheter. Significant decreases and progressively higher reductions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed after RSD. The complication rate was minimal. New devices for RSD and its ongoing clinical studies are cited. In conclusion, the RSD presents itself as an effective and safe approach to resistant hypertension. Results from ongoing studies and longer follow-up of these patients are expected to confirm the initial results and put into perspective the expansion of the procedure use in hypertension approach. Brandão et al Renal sympathetic denervation and arterial hypertension
Abstract: Wirelessly interconnected handheld devices allow Collaborative 1: 1, or faceto-face Com... more Abstract: Wirelessly interconnected handheld devices allow Collaborative 1: 1, or faceto-face Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, which has shown to be a technology that fosters collaboration and constructivist learning. Dissemination of the technology has been slow mainly due to the technology cost. To provide Pocket PCs to a whole classroom is beyond emerging markets reach. Mobile phones are an alternative. Users buy them, releasing public money to be invested in the classroom technology. A second alternative ...
American Journal of Human Biology, Jan 25, 2023
Uruguay has one of the highest per capita milk intakes worldwide, even with a limited supply of l... more Uruguay has one of the highest per capita milk intakes worldwide, even with a limited supply of lactose‐free products; furthermore, the admixed nature of its population is well known, and various frequencies of lactase persistence (LP) are observed in the source populations. We aimed to contribute to the understanding of the relation between allelic variants associated with LP, milk consumption, digestive symptoms, and genetic ancestry in the Uruguayan population. Samples of saliva or peripheral blood were collected from 190 unrelated individuals from two regions of Uruguay, genotypes for polymorphic sites in a fragment within the LCT enhancer were determined and allelic frequencies calculated in all of them. Data were collected on frequency of milk and dairy consumption and self‐reported symptoms in a subsample of 153 individuals. Biparental and maternal ancestry was determined by analyzing individual ancestry markers and mitochondrial DNA. Twenty‐nine percentage of individuals reported symptoms attributed to the ingestion of fresh milk, with abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence being the most frequent. European LP‐associated allele T‐13910 showed a frequency of 33%, while other LP‐associated alleles like G‐13915 and T‐14011 were observed in very low frequencies. Associations between self‐reported symptoms, fresh milk intake, and C/T‐13910 genotype were statistically significant. No evidence of association between genetic ancestry and C/T‐13910 was found, although individuals carrying one T‐13910 allele appeared to have more European ancestry. In conclusion, the main polymorphism capable of predicting lactose intolerance in Uruguayans is C/T‐13910, although more studies are required to unravel the relation between genotype and lactase activity, especially in heterozygotes.
American Journal of Human Biology
BackgroundWith regard to the origin of its population and microevolutionary processes, Uruguay ex... more BackgroundWith regard to the origin of its population and microevolutionary processes, Uruguay exhibits distinctive features that distinguish it from other countries in Latin America, while at the same time sharing several similarities. In this article, we will focus on the variability of paternal genetic lineages in two geographical regions with different histories that can be considered as examples of distinct populations for the continent. In general terms, the genetic diversity is a result of different demographic processes related to the American conquest and colonisation. These resulted in distinct ancestral components which vary geographical and depend on the distribution by sex within these components. In Uruguay, native maternal haplogroups are significantly more frequent in the North. Although there are several studies about the geneticvariability of Uruguay, little is known about male genetic lineages.AimsThe aim of this work is to present an updated study of the male gen...
Journal of Energy and Power Technology
Hybrid composites based on inorganic nanomaterials embedded into a polymer matrix have were synth... more Hybrid composites based on inorganic nanomaterials embedded into a polymer matrix have were synthesized and characterized. Oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (SnO, SnO2, TiO2, Ga2O3, and NiO) and Si nanoparticles were employed as inorganic counterparts in the hybrid composite, while a conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) with diverse additives was used as the organic matrix. The composites were spin-coated on Si or glass substrates. The potential use of these materials in photovoltaic devices to improve Si surface passivation behavior was investigated. Besides, the use of the nanoparticles as active materials for anodes in Li-ion batteries was evaluated. Some other aspects, such as the durability and stability of these materials, were also assessed.
ResumenIntroduccion: Uruguay posee un sistema solidario de financiacion de trasplante a traves de... more ResumenIntroduccion: Uruguay posee un sistema solidario de financiacion de trasplante a traves delFondo Nacional de Recursos y del Banco Nacional de Organos y Tejidos (BNOT).En el trasplante alogenico de medula osea la compatibilidad HLA es una barrera biologicaimportante. Las frecuencias alelicas y haplotipicas HLA son utilizadas para determinar laprobabilidad de encontrar un donante con un fenotipo particular HLA y para predecir elefecto de diversos esquemas de adjudicacion basados en la compatibilidad en este sistema. ElLaboratorio de Inmunogenetica e Histocompatibilidad tipifica a todos los receptores ydonantes del pais. En este marco se ha iniciado un programa cuyo objetivo central esorganizar un sistema de registro, tipificacion y busqueda de donantes no relacionados a nivelnacional (SINDOME).Los objetivos del presente trabajo han sido analizar los receptores tipificados para TMOalogenico en nuestro servicio en el periodo enero 1997 - mayo 2002, y caracterizar laconstitucion g...
Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay, 2020
Todos los autores declaran haber colaborado en forma significativa.
Human Biology, 2019
Tacuarembó is a department located in the northeastern of Uruguay, whose population is the result... more Tacuarembó is a department located in the northeastern of Uruguay, whose population is the result of several migration waves from Europe and Near East as well as Africans and Afrodescents mostly from Brazil, these waves settled on the territory of various Native ethnic groups (Charrúa, Minuán, and Guaraní). In the past, this population has been the focus of genetic studies showing this tri-hybrid origin, with greater contributions of Natives and Africans than other Uruguayan regions. In this paper we aim to analyze Alu insertions (A25, ACE, APOA1, B65, D1, F13B, PV92, TPA25) in order to provide valuable information for ancestrality and genetic differentiation (GD), and to compare with previous studies on
Sangre, 1995
A total number of 1,149 specimens of cord-blood were subjected to cellulose acetate gel electroph... more A total number of 1,149 specimens of cord-blood were subjected to cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis in order to estimate the incidence of haemoglobinopathies in newborn infants (NBI). It was found that 4.37% of black NBI and 0.54% of white NBI were AS carriers. Those samples with HbS or HbC were verified by means of agar-citrate electrophoresis at pH 6.2. Haemoglobin Bart was commonest in black (3.1%) than in white (0.4%) NBI. A slow haemoglobin variant was found with an alpha-chain mutation. The concentration of gamma G was estimated by separation of gamma G and gamma A chains with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it ranged between 52% and 94%, which could be attributed to the fact that the shift from HbF to HbA is not simultaneous in all the red-cell population.
Sangre, 1999
To evaluate the catalytic activity of the red cell enzyme, glutathione reductase (GR) in pregnant... more To evaluate the catalytic activity of the red cell enzyme, glutathione reductase (GR) in pregnant women with Hb AS and with Hb AA, and in a group of non-pregnant women with Hb AA, as well as the relationship of GR deficiency with Hb S. The catalytic activity was determined in presence and absence of FAD by means of a modified Long and Carson technique. 59 pregnant women with AS and 33 with AA phenotypes were studied. Differences were found in the enzyme's catalytic activity with and without FAD, both in pregnant women with Hb AS (mean values 37.17 nka/g y Hb in whites and 42.84 nkat/g HS in afro people) and in those with Hb AA, and also in non-pregnant women with Hb AA. A high frequency of GR deficiency was found in all groups due to an insufficient riboflavin supply in diet. A correlation between GR deficiency and Hb S could not be demonstrated. The coefficient of activity of red cell GR shows a tendency to increase in pregnancy due to certain riboflavin deficit of diet.
Latin America in general, and in particular the Caribbean islands are a ideal material for popula... more Latin America in general, and in particular the Caribbean islands are a ideal material for population genetics studies, due to the complex factors that influenced the contributions of Amerindians, Europeans, and Africans to the gene pools of different populations. The admixture studies have greatly contributed to understand the historical process in the conformation of the present Antillean populations. The divergent genetic differences present in the Antillean islands indicate to the different migratory process of Europeans, Africans and Native Americans into Caribbean basin. Also in each of the Caribbean islands have been produced microevolutionary, demographic, historical and social processes that particularize each other.