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Research paper thumbnail of How Successful was the New Economic Policy of Malaysia in the years 1971-1990?

NEP programme was initiated in 1971 and the final programme finished in 1990. It aimed to create,... more NEP programme was initiated in 1971 and the final programme finished in 1990. It aimed to create, within one generation, a society in which Malay and other indigenous people could be full partners in the economic life of the nation (Aun 2004:73). Further outbreaks of ethnic tension were to be avoided via reducing ethnic inequality and alleviating poverty (Sivalingam 1988:39). The programme laid out a wide range of areas to improve upon, however, its primary aims can be narrowed down to four areas: Education, equal employment and pay, ownership of industrial capital and overall reduction of poverty. All these specific aims come under a more encompassing framework; the programme was an attempt at state-led socioeconomic engineering. When considering its success, the NEP should be viewed within this framework, the successes and failures of what should be seen as secondary aims are all contributors to this more all-encompassing goal. To fully understand the NEP, the historical background must be firstly examined as without this its necessity and objectives cannot be truly understood. Following this, the objectives of the programmes will be examined, which will lead into the analysis of its successes and failures in the key areas targeted by the NEP. Success was seen, to a large extent, in its objective of overall poverty reduction, more representative modern sector and education. Its progress was limited in the field of creating more equal pay and employment prospects. Despite this, the NEP as an overall framework for social engineering, should be considered a success; indeed, it set a precedent of what can achieved by the state in times of extreme ethnic tension driven by socioeconomic disparity. The NEP is a programme with a deeply rooted historical context. To understand why the programme was necessary for the countries hopes for functioning as an effective developing nation state, the socioeconomic structures of Malaysia building up to 1969 must be looked at. Following Malaysia's independence in 1957 Malaysia had an extremely diverse social makeup, the country was composed

Research paper thumbnail of How Successful was the New Economic Policy of Malaysia in the years 1971-1990?

NEP programme was initiated in 1971 and the final programme finished in 1990. It aimed to create,... more NEP programme was initiated in 1971 and the final programme finished in 1990. It aimed to create, within one generation, a society in which Malay and other indigenous people could be full partners in the economic life of the nation (Aun 2004:73). Further outbreaks of ethnic tension were to be avoided via reducing ethnic inequality and alleviating poverty (Sivalingam 1988:39). The programme laid out a wide range of areas to improve upon, however, its primary aims can be narrowed down to four areas: Education, equal employment and pay, ownership of industrial capital and overall reduction of poverty. All these specific aims come under a more encompassing framework; the programme was an attempt at state-led socioeconomic engineering. When considering its success, the NEP should be viewed within this framework, the successes and failures of what should be seen as secondary aims are all contributors to this more all-encompassing goal. To fully understand the NEP, the historical background must be firstly examined as without this its necessity and objectives cannot be truly understood. Following this, the objectives of the programmes will be examined, which will lead into the analysis of its successes and failures in the key areas targeted by the NEP. Success was seen, to a large extent, in its objective of overall poverty reduction, more representative modern sector and education. Its progress was limited in the field of creating more equal pay and employment prospects. Despite this, the NEP as an overall framework for social engineering, should be considered a success; indeed, it set a precedent of what can achieved by the state in times of extreme ethnic tension driven by socioeconomic disparity. The NEP is a programme with a deeply rooted historical context. To understand why the programme was necessary for the countries hopes for functioning as an effective developing nation state, the socioeconomic structures of Malaysia building up to 1969 must be looked at. Following Malaysia's independence in 1957 Malaysia had an extremely diverse social makeup, the country was composed