Peter Borkenau - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Peter Borkenau
European Journal of Personality
In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personali... more In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personality development have to be understood and investigated in integrated ways in order to provide comprehensive responses to the key questions of personality psychology. The psychological processes and mechanisms that explain concrete behaviour in concrete situations should provide explanation for patterns of variation across situations and individuals, for development over time as well as for structures observed in intra–individual and inter–individual differences. Personality structures, defined as patterns of covariation in behaviour, including thoughts and feelings, are results of those processes in transaction with situational affordances and regularities. It cannot be presupposed that processes are organized in ways that directly correspond to the observed structure. Rather, it is an empirical question whether shared sets of processes are uniquely involved in shaping correlated behaviou...
Current Directions in Psychological Science
Personality profiles describe individual persons’ locations on multiple trait dimensions and enab... more Personality profiles describe individual persons’ locations on multiple trait dimensions and enable calculation of profile similarity indices for individual persons and dyads. They are easily misinterpreted, however, unless two components are distinguished: a normative component comprising the sample means of the variables and a distinctive component reflecting the given individual’s deviations from those means. These two profile components provide different kinds of information. Focusing on person-perception research, we review predictors of the similarity of individual profiles to the normative profile (i.e., profile normativeness) and of the agreement between distinctive profiles. We also provide some suggestions for future research.
Animal cognition, 2016
The emotional Stroop task is an experimental paradigm developed to study the relationship between... more The emotional Stroop task is an experimental paradigm developed to study the relationship between emotion and cognition. Human participants required to identify the color of words typically respond more slowly to negative than to neutral words (emotional Stroop effect). Here we investigated whether chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) would show a comparable effect. Using a touch screen, eight chimpanzees were trained to choose between two simultaneously presented stimuli based on color (two identical images with differently colored frames). In Experiment 1, the images within the color frames were shapes that were either of the same color as the surrounding frame or of the alternative color. Subjects made fewer errors and responded faster when shapes were of the same color as the frame surrounding them than when they were not, evidencing that embedded images affected target selection. Experiment 2, a modified version of the emotional Stroop task, presented subjects with four different cate...
Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research & Perspective, 2007
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1993
Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2016
Focusing on individual differences, we studied three influences on the accuracy of meta-perceptio... more Focusing on individual differences, we studied three influences on the accuracy of meta-perceptions of personality: (a) projection, that is, relying on one's self-perception; (b) normative meta-insight, that is, relying on the perception of the typical person by others; and (c) distinctive meta-insight, that is, relying on others' perception of one's unique personality attributes. Using a round-robin design, 52 groups of four acquainted students described themselves, three acquaintances, and their meta-perceptions on the Big-Five factors of personality, and provided self-reports of psychological adjustment. Projection, normative, and distinctive meta-insight contributed uniquely to meta-perception, yet qualified by systematic individual differences: Psychologically adjusted meta-perceivers projected more and relied on distinctive meta-insight less. Moreover, acquaintance raised projection. Thus, psychologically adjusted meta-perceivers were less aware of discrepancies be...
Personality and Individual Differences, 1991
European Journal of Personality, Sep 1, 1998
AbstractSeveral studies have found a genetic influence on person × situation interactions of beha... more AbstractSeveral studies have found a genetic influence on person × situation interactions of behaviours and emotions. For five situations we assessed current positive and negative mood for a sample of 168 monozygotic and 132 dizygotic adult twin pairs completing self-report rating scales. We used structural equation model fitting to estimate genetic and environmental influences on the stability and variability of moods across situations. Our results indicate that genetic as well as shared and nonshared environmental influences contribute to the consistency of moods. Contrary to previous findings, the variability of positive and negative mood is mainly attributed to nonshared environmental influences and only marginally attributed to genetic or shared environmental effects. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 1995
The German Journal of Psychology, 1990
International Journal of Psychology, 2008
Zeitschrift Fur Differentielle Und Diagnostische Psychologie, 1987
Measurement Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, Sep 24, 2012
Diagnostica, 1991
... Borkenau, Peter; Ostendorf, Fritz. Diagnostica, Vol 37(1), 1991, 29-41. Abstract. Presents re... more ... Borkenau, Peter; Ostendorf, Fritz. Diagnostica, Vol 37(1), 1991, 29-41. Abstract. Presents results of an evaluation of the psychometric properties of a German version of the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) by PT Costa and RR McCrae (1989). ...
Measurement Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, Dec 1, 2007
European Journal of Personality
In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personali... more In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personality development have to be understood and investigated in integrated ways in order to provide comprehensive responses to the key questions of personality psychology. The psychological processes and mechanisms that explain concrete behaviour in concrete situations should provide explanation for patterns of variation across situations and individuals, for development over time as well as for structures observed in intra–individual and inter–individual differences. Personality structures, defined as patterns of covariation in behaviour, including thoughts and feelings, are results of those processes in transaction with situational affordances and regularities. It cannot be presupposed that processes are organized in ways that directly correspond to the observed structure. Rather, it is an empirical question whether shared sets of processes are uniquely involved in shaping correlated behaviou...
Current Directions in Psychological Science
Personality profiles describe individual persons’ locations on multiple trait dimensions and enab... more Personality profiles describe individual persons’ locations on multiple trait dimensions and enable calculation of profile similarity indices for individual persons and dyads. They are easily misinterpreted, however, unless two components are distinguished: a normative component comprising the sample means of the variables and a distinctive component reflecting the given individual’s deviations from those means. These two profile components provide different kinds of information. Focusing on person-perception research, we review predictors of the similarity of individual profiles to the normative profile (i.e., profile normativeness) and of the agreement between distinctive profiles. We also provide some suggestions for future research.
Animal cognition, 2016
The emotional Stroop task is an experimental paradigm developed to study the relationship between... more The emotional Stroop task is an experimental paradigm developed to study the relationship between emotion and cognition. Human participants required to identify the color of words typically respond more slowly to negative than to neutral words (emotional Stroop effect). Here we investigated whether chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) would show a comparable effect. Using a touch screen, eight chimpanzees were trained to choose between two simultaneously presented stimuli based on color (two identical images with differently colored frames). In Experiment 1, the images within the color frames were shapes that were either of the same color as the surrounding frame or of the alternative color. Subjects made fewer errors and responded faster when shapes were of the same color as the frame surrounding them than when they were not, evidencing that embedded images affected target selection. Experiment 2, a modified version of the emotional Stroop task, presented subjects with four different cate...
Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research & Perspective, 2007
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1993
Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2016
Focusing on individual differences, we studied three influences on the accuracy of meta-perceptio... more Focusing on individual differences, we studied three influences on the accuracy of meta-perceptions of personality: (a) projection, that is, relying on one's self-perception; (b) normative meta-insight, that is, relying on the perception of the typical person by others; and (c) distinctive meta-insight, that is, relying on others' perception of one's unique personality attributes. Using a round-robin design, 52 groups of four acquainted students described themselves, three acquaintances, and their meta-perceptions on the Big-Five factors of personality, and provided self-reports of psychological adjustment. Projection, normative, and distinctive meta-insight contributed uniquely to meta-perception, yet qualified by systematic individual differences: Psychologically adjusted meta-perceivers projected more and relied on distinctive meta-insight less. Moreover, acquaintance raised projection. Thus, psychologically adjusted meta-perceivers were less aware of discrepancies be...
Personality and Individual Differences, 1991
European Journal of Personality, Sep 1, 1998
AbstractSeveral studies have found a genetic influence on person × situation interactions of beha... more AbstractSeveral studies have found a genetic influence on person × situation interactions of behaviours and emotions. For five situations we assessed current positive and negative mood for a sample of 168 monozygotic and 132 dizygotic adult twin pairs completing self-report rating scales. We used structural equation model fitting to estimate genetic and environmental influences on the stability and variability of moods across situations. Our results indicate that genetic as well as shared and nonshared environmental influences contribute to the consistency of moods. Contrary to previous findings, the variability of positive and negative mood is mainly attributed to nonshared environmental influences and only marginally attributed to genetic or shared environmental effects. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 1995
The German Journal of Psychology, 1990
International Journal of Psychology, 2008
Zeitschrift Fur Differentielle Und Diagnostische Psychologie, 1987
Measurement Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, Sep 24, 2012
Diagnostica, 1991
... Borkenau, Peter; Ostendorf, Fritz. Diagnostica, Vol 37(1), 1991, 29-41. Abstract. Presents re... more ... Borkenau, Peter; Ostendorf, Fritz. Diagnostica, Vol 37(1), 1991, 29-41. Abstract. Presents results of an evaluation of the psychometric properties of a German version of the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) by PT Costa and RR McCrae (1989). ...
Measurement Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, Dec 1, 2007