Peter Kaiser - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Peter Kaiser

Research paper thumbnail of Substrate inhibition as a problem of non-linear steady state kinetics with monomeric enzymes

Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 1980

Starting horn the clas.sical model of substrate inhibition by an ES2 comples, as developed by Hal... more Starting horn the clas.sical model of substrate inhibition by an ES2 comples, as developed by Haldane in 1930, new concepts including our own are presented. Most of the models iuckde ar, enzyme isomer&&ion skp, are ofcyclicnature,uldcan de~benon-llnearklnetics~~outanyasumpt.ionofsubunitinterar&ions. TheinitialrakequationsofaJl'Jle modelsare veq-sixnikr. Hovzever, one model is based OE tbennodynamic principles, in order to understand t%e induced-fit theory. AlI the models reported so far in the literature, can be cksif~ecl according to three concepts: classical substrate inhibition, slow transition model, thermodynamics of induced-fit model.

Research paper thumbnail of Electronic Interactions in RNA Constituents and Their Effects on Helical Conformations

Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1983

In order to elucidate further details of RNA conformations we have studied the geometry of base s... more In order to elucidate further details of RNA conformations we have studied the geometry of base stacking in dinucleoside phosphates (DNP’s). We used a modified MIM approximation (SCF CI MO method) to calculate UV difference spectra and hypochromic effects of heterocyclic model systems and CpU, UpC, CpC, ApU and UpA for a series of conformations obtained by translational and rotational operations. Results show that only in homologoues systems Davydov splitting producing a blue shift of transitions occur, if polarization directions are parallel. In all other cases hypochromicity can be observed. By fitting the hypochromicity of the DNP’s to experimental spectra we obtained distinct geometries for different DNP sequences.

Research paper thumbnail of Pyridin-4-on-Nueleosid+: Stabilisierung der Struktur im Kristall und in wäßriger Lösung / Pyridine-4-on Nucleoside: Stabilisation of the Structure in the Crystal and in Aqueous Solution

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 1981

C10H13NO5 • H2O is monoclinic, space group P2i with a = 773.7 pm, b = 814.6 pm, c= 932.6 pm, β = ... more C10H13NO5 • H2O is monoclinic, space group P2i with a = 773.7 pm, b = 814.6 pm, c= 932.6 pm, β = 109.36° at 143 K, Z = 2. The crystal structure has been refined to R =0.031 with 1340 counter reflections. Features of this nucleoside include an orientation of the base at the glycosidic bond N(l)-C(l') in the anii-range (52.5°), a ribosyl moiety in the C(2')-endo(S) conformation and in contrast to many other nucleosides a trans arrange-ment at C(4')-C(5'). This unusual conformation is stabilized by a distinct H-bonding scheme including the water molecule and the oxygen of the adjacent pyridin-4-on ring system. NMR data indicate on the other side that in solution the conformation of the nucleoside is anti/g + similar to that of other pyrimidine nucleosides. The 5'-OH group replaces the water molecule in the crystal. The preferred anti position of the base cannot be explained by an interaction of H(2,6) of the base with the 5'-OH group or the C(4) oxygen. Both pro...

Research paper thumbnail of Über die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen deutschem Widerstand und westlicher Alliierten-Politik oder

Soziologische Ausflüge, 1996

In den „Kaltenbrunner-Berichten“ 1, so genannt nach dem Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD, S... more In den „Kaltenbrunner-Berichten“ 1, so genannt nach dem Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD, SS-Obergruppenfuhrer und General der Polizei Ernst Kaltenbrunner, in denen uber „die vermutlichen Hintergrunde“2 des Attentats vom 20. Juli 1944 an „Reichsleiter Pg. Martin Bormann, Parteikanzlei, Munchen“, mit der Masgabe der direkten Weitergabe an Hitler laufend berichtet wurde, findet man unter dem Datum 2. August 1944 folgende Meldung: „Verbindungen zum Ausland Die neuere Vernehmung des Hauptmanns Kaiser gibt eine Reihe von Hinweisen, das Stauffenberg uber Mittelsmanner zwei Verbindungen zur englischen Seite hatte.

Research paper thumbnail of Untersuchungen zum Reaktionsmechanismus der Ribonuclease II aus Aspergillus oryzae (Ribonuclease T 2 )

Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie, 1975

Research paper thumbnail of Solution of Einstein’s Causality Problem: The AHK Theorem

Using terms and categories as "causality" or "chance" in scientific debates means to leave the fi... more Using terms and categories as "causality" or "chance" in scientific debates means to leave the field of physics or other natural sciences. These terms/categories are in fact philosophical terms. Even if they occur in both areas, the most general science of human thinking and in many single sciences, the meaning is sometimes completely different. This results often in superb misunderstanding, even because people are not aware when they are on the other level and have in mind completely different definitions of terms. Recently one could read in the scientific part of the most serious German newspaper "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" of "physics and the individual sciences". This is actually a completely wrong definition. Since when is physics the Universal Science and all other sciences individual sciences? This is obviously a special type of reductionism and hypertrophy of physics at the same time. Actually, as an example, Michael Esfeld, Professor of Philosophy of Science at the University of Lausanne, understands that physics-not presumptuously-explains even "the world". 1 1 That means, also human society, because this is part of the world (Michael Esfeld and Christian Sachse,

Research paper thumbnail of Solution of Einstein's Causality Problem: The AHK Theorem

Using terms and categories as " causality " or " chance " in scientific debates means to leave th... more Using terms and categories as " causality " or " chance " in scientific debates means to leave the field of physics or other natural sciences. These terms/categories are in fact philosophical terms. Even if they occur in both areas, the most general science of human thinking and in many single sciences, the meaning is sometimes completely different. This results often in superb misunderstanding, even because people are not aware when they are discussing or moving on the other level and have in mind completely different definitions of terms. Recently one could read in the scientific part of the most serious German newspaper " Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung " the phrase " physics and the individual sciences ". This is actually a completely wrong definition. Since when is physics the Universal Science and all other sciences individual sciences? This is obviously a special type of reductionism and hypertrophy of physics at the same time. Actually, as an example, Michael Esfeld, Professor of Philosophy of Science at the University of Lausanne, understands that physics – not presumptuously – explains even " the world ". 1 What are the resulting misunderstandings and how are they expressing? The start of all those misunderstandings was that the ostensibly intimate term causality which was further used in its " old " meaning although the upcoming quantum physics in the beginning of 20 th century was enforcing new thinking and definitions of old terms. Although required by Heisenberg and Einstein nobody was prepared to undergo such efforts to define significant terms in a new way, implementing chance into a new concept of causality. The " old " meaning of causality was derived from the paradigm of mechanical determinism: according to the worldview of almost all natural scientists the connotation of " causal " stood for an exactly defined cause and an exactly predictable effect. Chance showing unpredictable effects was excluded. The epigone of this conception of deterministic ideology is the eminent French mathematician and astronomer of the 18 th /19 th century Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827). The corresponding citation of Laplace on " Weltgeist " , later called Laplace's Demon, is as follows: " We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its past and the cause of its future. An intellect which at a certain moment would know all forces that set nature in motion, and all positions of all items of which nature is composed, if this intellect were also vast enough to submit these data to analysis, it would embrace in a single formula the movements of the greatest bodies of the universe and those of the tiniest atom; for such an intellect nothing would be uncertain and the future just like the past would be present before its eyes." 2

Research paper thumbnail of Substrate inhibition as a problem of non-linear steady state kinetics with monomeric enzymes

Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 1980

Starting horn the clas.sical model of substrate inhibition by an ES2 comples, as developed by Hal... more Starting horn the clas.sical model of substrate inhibition by an ES2 comples, as developed by Haldane in 1930, new concepts including our own are presented. Most of the models iuckde ar, enzyme isomer&&ion skp, are ofcyclicnature,uldcan de~benon-llnearklnetics~~outanyasumpt.ionofsubunitinterar&ions. TheinitialrakequationsofaJl'Jle modelsare veq-sixnikr. Hovzever, one model is based OE tbennodynamic principles, in order to understand t%e induced-fit theory. AlI the models reported so far in the literature, can be cksif~ecl according to three concepts: classical substrate inhibition, slow transition model, thermodynamics of induced-fit model.

Research paper thumbnail of Electronic Interactions in RNA Constituents and Their Effects on Helical Conformations

Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1983

In order to elucidate further details of RNA conformations we have studied the geometry of base s... more In order to elucidate further details of RNA conformations we have studied the geometry of base stacking in dinucleoside phosphates (DNP’s). We used a modified MIM approximation (SCF CI MO method) to calculate UV difference spectra and hypochromic effects of heterocyclic model systems and CpU, UpC, CpC, ApU and UpA for a series of conformations obtained by translational and rotational operations. Results show that only in homologoues systems Davydov splitting producing a blue shift of transitions occur, if polarization directions are parallel. In all other cases hypochromicity can be observed. By fitting the hypochromicity of the DNP’s to experimental spectra we obtained distinct geometries for different DNP sequences.

Research paper thumbnail of Pyridin-4-on-Nueleosid+: Stabilisierung der Struktur im Kristall und in wäßriger Lösung / Pyridine-4-on Nucleoside: Stabilisation of the Structure in the Crystal and in Aqueous Solution

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 1981

C10H13NO5 • H2O is monoclinic, space group P2i with a = 773.7 pm, b = 814.6 pm, c= 932.6 pm, β = ... more C10H13NO5 • H2O is monoclinic, space group P2i with a = 773.7 pm, b = 814.6 pm, c= 932.6 pm, β = 109.36° at 143 K, Z = 2. The crystal structure has been refined to R =0.031 with 1340 counter reflections. Features of this nucleoside include an orientation of the base at the glycosidic bond N(l)-C(l') in the anii-range (52.5°), a ribosyl moiety in the C(2')-endo(S) conformation and in contrast to many other nucleosides a trans arrange-ment at C(4')-C(5'). This unusual conformation is stabilized by a distinct H-bonding scheme including the water molecule and the oxygen of the adjacent pyridin-4-on ring system. NMR data indicate on the other side that in solution the conformation of the nucleoside is anti/g + similar to that of other pyrimidine nucleosides. The 5'-OH group replaces the water molecule in the crystal. The preferred anti position of the base cannot be explained by an interaction of H(2,6) of the base with the 5'-OH group or the C(4) oxygen. Both pro...

Research paper thumbnail of Über die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen deutschem Widerstand und westlicher Alliierten-Politik oder

Soziologische Ausflüge, 1996

In den „Kaltenbrunner-Berichten“ 1, so genannt nach dem Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD, S... more In den „Kaltenbrunner-Berichten“ 1, so genannt nach dem Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD, SS-Obergruppenfuhrer und General der Polizei Ernst Kaltenbrunner, in denen uber „die vermutlichen Hintergrunde“2 des Attentats vom 20. Juli 1944 an „Reichsleiter Pg. Martin Bormann, Parteikanzlei, Munchen“, mit der Masgabe der direkten Weitergabe an Hitler laufend berichtet wurde, findet man unter dem Datum 2. August 1944 folgende Meldung: „Verbindungen zum Ausland Die neuere Vernehmung des Hauptmanns Kaiser gibt eine Reihe von Hinweisen, das Stauffenberg uber Mittelsmanner zwei Verbindungen zur englischen Seite hatte.

Research paper thumbnail of Untersuchungen zum Reaktionsmechanismus der Ribonuclease II aus Aspergillus oryzae (Ribonuclease T 2 )

Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie, 1975

Research paper thumbnail of Solution of Einstein’s Causality Problem: The AHK Theorem

Using terms and categories as "causality" or "chance" in scientific debates means to leave the fi... more Using terms and categories as "causality" or "chance" in scientific debates means to leave the field of physics or other natural sciences. These terms/categories are in fact philosophical terms. Even if they occur in both areas, the most general science of human thinking and in many single sciences, the meaning is sometimes completely different. This results often in superb misunderstanding, even because people are not aware when they are on the other level and have in mind completely different definitions of terms. Recently one could read in the scientific part of the most serious German newspaper "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" of "physics and the individual sciences". This is actually a completely wrong definition. Since when is physics the Universal Science and all other sciences individual sciences? This is obviously a special type of reductionism and hypertrophy of physics at the same time. Actually, as an example, Michael Esfeld, Professor of Philosophy of Science at the University of Lausanne, understands that physics-not presumptuously-explains even "the world". 1 1 That means, also human society, because this is part of the world (Michael Esfeld and Christian Sachse,

Research paper thumbnail of Solution of Einstein's Causality Problem: The AHK Theorem

Using terms and categories as " causality " or " chance " in scientific debates means to leave th... more Using terms and categories as " causality " or " chance " in scientific debates means to leave the field of physics or other natural sciences. These terms/categories are in fact philosophical terms. Even if they occur in both areas, the most general science of human thinking and in many single sciences, the meaning is sometimes completely different. This results often in superb misunderstanding, even because people are not aware when they are discussing or moving on the other level and have in mind completely different definitions of terms. Recently one could read in the scientific part of the most serious German newspaper " Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung " the phrase " physics and the individual sciences ". This is actually a completely wrong definition. Since when is physics the Universal Science and all other sciences individual sciences? This is obviously a special type of reductionism and hypertrophy of physics at the same time. Actually, as an example, Michael Esfeld, Professor of Philosophy of Science at the University of Lausanne, understands that physics – not presumptuously – explains even " the world ". 1 What are the resulting misunderstandings and how are they expressing? The start of all those misunderstandings was that the ostensibly intimate term causality which was further used in its " old " meaning although the upcoming quantum physics in the beginning of 20 th century was enforcing new thinking and definitions of old terms. Although required by Heisenberg and Einstein nobody was prepared to undergo such efforts to define significant terms in a new way, implementing chance into a new concept of causality. The " old " meaning of causality was derived from the paradigm of mechanical determinism: according to the worldview of almost all natural scientists the connotation of " causal " stood for an exactly defined cause and an exactly predictable effect. Chance showing unpredictable effects was excluded. The epigone of this conception of deterministic ideology is the eminent French mathematician and astronomer of the 18 th /19 th century Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827). The corresponding citation of Laplace on " Weltgeist " , later called Laplace's Demon, is as follows: " We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its past and the cause of its future. An intellect which at a certain moment would know all forces that set nature in motion, and all positions of all items of which nature is composed, if this intellect were also vast enough to submit these data to analysis, it would embrace in a single formula the movements of the greatest bodies of the universe and those of the tiniest atom; for such an intellect nothing would be uncertain and the future just like the past would be present before its eyes." 2