Peter Otieno - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Peter Otieno

Research paper thumbnail of Interventions to Reduce Pesticide Exposure from the Agricultural Sector in Africa: A Workshop Report

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Despite the fact that several cases of unsafe pesticide use among farmers in different parts of A... more Despite the fact that several cases of unsafe pesticide use among farmers in different parts of Africa have been documented, there is limited evidence regarding which specific interventions are effective in reducing pesticide exposure and associated risks to human health and ecology. The overall goal of the African Pesticide Intervention Project (APsent) study is to better understand ongoing research and public health activities related to interventions in Africa through the implementation of suitable target-specific situations or use contexts. A systematic review of the scientific literature on pesticide intervention studies with a focus on Africa was conducted. This was followed by a qualitative survey among stakeholders involved in pesticide research or management in the African region to learn about barriers to and promoters of successful interventions. The project was concluded with an international workshop in November 2021, where a broad range of topics relevant to occupation...

Research paper thumbnail of Talons and beaks are viable but underutilized samples for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in raptors

Vulture News, 2018

In Europe and Africa, birds of prey, particularly vultures, are being secondarily or intentionall... more In Europe and Africa, birds of prey, particularly vultures, are being secondarily or intentionally poisoned with acutely toxic concentrations of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides in baited food items. By the time a mortality incident is discovered, few or no fresh carcasses, considered optimal for toxicological analysis, remain. Regardless, residues are not always detectible in typically analyzed samples (e.g., liver) because death can occur so rapidly. Without concrete forensic evidence to implicate the compounds being used and an intent to poison, ongoing local mitigation and regulatory efforts will continue to be undermined. We have sought additional means of gathering information about deliberate wildlife poisoning by testing the feasibility of detecting residues in decomposed carcasses that would not

Research paper thumbnail of Greenhouse gas emission and its potential mitigation process from the waste sector in a large-scale exhibition

Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015

As one of the largest human activities, World Expo is an important source of anthropogenic Greenh... more As one of the largest human activities, World Expo is an important source of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas emission (GHG), and the GHG emission and other environmental impacts of the Expo Shanghai 2010, where around 59,397tons of waste was generated during 184 Expo running days, were assessed by life cycle assessment (LCA). Two scenarios, i.e., the actual and expected figures of the waste sector, were assessed and compared, and 124.01kg CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq.), 4.43kg SO2-eq., 4.88kg NO3(-)-eq., and 3509m(3) water per ton tourist waste were found to be released in terms of global warming (GW), acidification (AC), nutrient enrichment (NE) and spoiled groundwater resources (SGWR), respectively. The total GHG emission was around 3499ton CO2-eq. from the waste sector in Expo Park, among which 86.47% was generated during the waste landfilling at the rate of 107.24kg CO2-eq., and CH4, CO and other hydrocarbons (HC) were the main contributors. If the waste sorting process had been implemented according to the plan scenario, around 497ton CO2-eq. savings could have been attained. Unlike municipal solid waste, with more organic matter content, an incineration plant is more suitable for tourist waste disposal due to its high heating value, from the GHG reduction perspective.

Research paper thumbnail of A Chronicling of Long-Standing Carbofuran Use and its Menace to Wildlife in Kenya

Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches, 2011

Impacts of climate-induced changes on the distribution of pesticides residues in water and sedime... more Impacts of climate-induced changes on the distribution of pesticides residues in water and sediment of Lake Naivasha, Kenya.

Research paper thumbnail of Polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorocyclohexanes in sediments and fish species from the Napoleon Gulf of Lake Victoria, Uganda

Science of The Total Environment, 2014

High concentrations of PCBs were found at locations near Jinja Municipality. • The PCB and HCH le... more High concentrations of PCBs were found at locations near Jinja Municipality. • The PCB and HCH levels were low to moderate compared to other locations worldwide. • The fish from the Napoleon Gulf was fit for consumption in regard to PCBs and HCHs. • The ratios of α-/γ-HCH were low suggesting past input of lindane.

Research paper thumbnail of Carbofuran and its Toxic Metabolites Provide Forensic Evidence for Furadan Exposure in Vultures (Gyps africanus) in Kenya

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010

Forensic analysis of carbofuran residues in weathered tissue samples for evidence of Furadan expo... more Forensic analysis of carbofuran residues in weathered tissue samples for evidence of Furadan exposure in vultures (Gps africanus) by HPLC gave concentration (mg/Kg dry tissue weight) ranges of bdl-0.07 (carbofuran), bdl-0.499 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.013-0.147 (3hydroxycarbofuran) in beaks, bdl-0.65 (carbofuran), 0.024-0.190 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.017-0.098 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in feet, 0.179-0.219 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.081-0.093 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in crop content, 0.078-0.082 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.091-0.101 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in muscle of a laced carcass and 0.006-0.014 (carbofuran), 0.590-1.010 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.095-0.135 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in soil sampled from a poisoning site. These compounds were confirmed by GC-MS. The results showed that HPLC combined with GC-MS is suitable for forensic analysis of carbofuran residues in bird tissue samples and that forensic investigation should include its two toxic metabolites, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran. Keywords Forensic analysis Á Carbofuran metabolites Á Furadan poisoning Á Vultures Á Kenya

Research paper thumbnail of Carbofuran use and abuse in Kenya: residues in soils, plants, water courses and the African white-backed vultures (Gyps africanus) found dead

The Environmentalist, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Soil and water contamination with carbofuran residues in agricultural farmlands in Kenya following the application of the technical formulation Furadan

… Science and Health …, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Interventions to Reduce Pesticide Exposure from the Agricultural Sector in Africa: A Workshop Report

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Despite the fact that several cases of unsafe pesticide use among farmers in different parts of A... more Despite the fact that several cases of unsafe pesticide use among farmers in different parts of Africa have been documented, there is limited evidence regarding which specific interventions are effective in reducing pesticide exposure and associated risks to human health and ecology. The overall goal of the African Pesticide Intervention Project (APsent) study is to better understand ongoing research and public health activities related to interventions in Africa through the implementation of suitable target-specific situations or use contexts. A systematic review of the scientific literature on pesticide intervention studies with a focus on Africa was conducted. This was followed by a qualitative survey among stakeholders involved in pesticide research or management in the African region to learn about barriers to and promoters of successful interventions. The project was concluded with an international workshop in November 2021, where a broad range of topics relevant to occupation...

Research paper thumbnail of Talons and beaks are viable but underutilized samples for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in raptors

Vulture News, 2018

In Europe and Africa, birds of prey, particularly vultures, are being secondarily or intentionall... more In Europe and Africa, birds of prey, particularly vultures, are being secondarily or intentionally poisoned with acutely toxic concentrations of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides in baited food items. By the time a mortality incident is discovered, few or no fresh carcasses, considered optimal for toxicological analysis, remain. Regardless, residues are not always detectible in typically analyzed samples (e.g., liver) because death can occur so rapidly. Without concrete forensic evidence to implicate the compounds being used and an intent to poison, ongoing local mitigation and regulatory efforts will continue to be undermined. We have sought additional means of gathering information about deliberate wildlife poisoning by testing the feasibility of detecting residues in decomposed carcasses that would not

Research paper thumbnail of Greenhouse gas emission and its potential mitigation process from the waste sector in a large-scale exhibition

Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015

As one of the largest human activities, World Expo is an important source of anthropogenic Greenh... more As one of the largest human activities, World Expo is an important source of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas emission (GHG), and the GHG emission and other environmental impacts of the Expo Shanghai 2010, where around 59,397tons of waste was generated during 184 Expo running days, were assessed by life cycle assessment (LCA). Two scenarios, i.e., the actual and expected figures of the waste sector, were assessed and compared, and 124.01kg CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq.), 4.43kg SO2-eq., 4.88kg NO3(-)-eq., and 3509m(3) water per ton tourist waste were found to be released in terms of global warming (GW), acidification (AC), nutrient enrichment (NE) and spoiled groundwater resources (SGWR), respectively. The total GHG emission was around 3499ton CO2-eq. from the waste sector in Expo Park, among which 86.47% was generated during the waste landfilling at the rate of 107.24kg CO2-eq., and CH4, CO and other hydrocarbons (HC) were the main contributors. If the waste sorting process had been implemented according to the plan scenario, around 497ton CO2-eq. savings could have been attained. Unlike municipal solid waste, with more organic matter content, an incineration plant is more suitable for tourist waste disposal due to its high heating value, from the GHG reduction perspective.

Research paper thumbnail of A Chronicling of Long-Standing Carbofuran Use and its Menace to Wildlife in Kenya

Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches, 2011

Impacts of climate-induced changes on the distribution of pesticides residues in water and sedime... more Impacts of climate-induced changes on the distribution of pesticides residues in water and sediment of Lake Naivasha, Kenya.

Research paper thumbnail of Polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorocyclohexanes in sediments and fish species from the Napoleon Gulf of Lake Victoria, Uganda

Science of The Total Environment, 2014

High concentrations of PCBs were found at locations near Jinja Municipality. • The PCB and HCH le... more High concentrations of PCBs were found at locations near Jinja Municipality. • The PCB and HCH levels were low to moderate compared to other locations worldwide. • The fish from the Napoleon Gulf was fit for consumption in regard to PCBs and HCHs. • The ratios of α-/γ-HCH were low suggesting past input of lindane.

Research paper thumbnail of Carbofuran and its Toxic Metabolites Provide Forensic Evidence for Furadan Exposure in Vultures (Gyps africanus) in Kenya

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010

Forensic analysis of carbofuran residues in weathered tissue samples for evidence of Furadan expo... more Forensic analysis of carbofuran residues in weathered tissue samples for evidence of Furadan exposure in vultures (Gps africanus) by HPLC gave concentration (mg/Kg dry tissue weight) ranges of bdl-0.07 (carbofuran), bdl-0.499 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.013-0.147 (3hydroxycarbofuran) in beaks, bdl-0.65 (carbofuran), 0.024-0.190 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.017-0.098 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in feet, 0.179-0.219 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.081-0.093 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in crop content, 0.078-0.082 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.091-0.101 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in muscle of a laced carcass and 0.006-0.014 (carbofuran), 0.590-1.010 (3-ketocarbofuran) and 0.095-0.135 (3-hydroxycarbofuran) in soil sampled from a poisoning site. These compounds were confirmed by GC-MS. The results showed that HPLC combined with GC-MS is suitable for forensic analysis of carbofuran residues in bird tissue samples and that forensic investigation should include its two toxic metabolites, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran. Keywords Forensic analysis Á Carbofuran metabolites Á Furadan poisoning Á Vultures Á Kenya

Research paper thumbnail of Carbofuran use and abuse in Kenya: residues in soils, plants, water courses and the African white-backed vultures (Gyps africanus) found dead

The Environmentalist, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Soil and water contamination with carbofuran residues in agricultural farmlands in Kenya following the application of the technical formulation Furadan

… Science and Health …, 2010