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Papers by Peter Roelofsma

Acta Psychologica, 1996

ABSTRACT Many of our daily decisions involve evaluations between present and future benefits and ... more ABSTRACT Many of our daily decisions involve evaluations between present and future benefits and costs. It is often the case that we have to make judgments and choices, both common and important, the outcomes or consequences of which may occur at some future moment in time. Decisions of this type, in which the realization of outcomes may lie in the imminent or remote future, have been referred to as intertemporal choices. Intertemporal choices have been frequently analyzed by the concept of time discounting and the corresponding discounting utility (DU) model. The validity of this conventional economic model for describing intertemporal decisions has recently been examined by several researchers. They questioned the conventional model by stating that an exponential declining discount function cannot explain the empirical finding of time-inconsistent preferences as a function of elapsed time. Such inconsistent preferences are incompatible with the standard discounting model. The paper reviews other phenomena that cannot be accounted for by the conventional time-discounting model. Several alternative approaches to DU will be discussed and their descriptive validity assessed with respect to these anomalies.

Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2012

2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), 2013

ABSTRACT In this paper the ambient intelligent care environment is described as an attachment fig... more ABSTRACT In this paper the ambient intelligent care environment is described as an attachment figure for the user. In attachment theory the attachment figures is the base from which the individual interacts with the environment, explores the world and copes with distress. We claim that a socio-emotional lasting relation with a system as an attachment figure is a necessary prerequisite for Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems to be accepted by users as support in daily care. We observe that most AAL systems lack such an approach. Four scales that measure the quality of attachment are suggested to be used to evaluate AAL systems. We address a variety of components that are required to make a successful attachment between the system and the user for persons that are in need of care. As a basis for the attachment the theory of Ainsworth [1] is used. These factors builds a socio-emotional relationship with the user and help in maintaining or increasing the well being of the user. This socioemotional relationship can be an important explanation for the successfulness of an ambient assisting system in the healthcare domain.

With the development of an Adaptive Ambient Empowerment tool for the Elderly (a2e2) a group of te... more With the development of an Adaptive Ambient Empowerment tool for the Elderly (a2e2) a group of technicians and media psychologists confront the challenge to change habituated unhealthy life styles. The main goal is to increase physical activity in seniors who are at risk of acquiring or are already suffering from chronic diseases. The a2e2 system incorporates exergames and applies a daily structure by using a digital coach. Several psychological processes must be taken into account if the system wants to stand a chance to achieve the behavioral change it wishes to mould into a healthier lifestyle. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, competence, autonomy and relatedness need to be addressed in order to achieve well-being. Intentional modes of self-regulation to achieve well-being often fail. However, implicit self-regulation offers new opportunities that are especially suited to apply in a gaming environment. Research has already shown that a virtual coach and a virtual environment can support positive results concerning interaction with the system and physical activities. Since the available research is still sparse elaborate pilot studies are required. This paper presents a short overview of the core psychological concepts guiding the development of a2e2.

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health, 2015

Virtual coaching is an application area that allows individuals to improve existing skills or lea... more Virtual coaching is an application area that allows individuals to improve existing skills or learn new ones; it ranges from simple textual tutoring tools to fully immersive 3D learning situations. The latter aim at improving the learning experience with realistic 3D environments. In highly individual training scenarios it can be beneficial to provide some level of personalization of the environment. This can be supported using procedural modeling that allows to easily modify shape, look and contents of an environment. We present the application of personalization using procedural modeling in learning applications in the project V2me. This project combines virtual and social networks to help senior citizens maintain and create meaningful relationships. We present a system that uses a procedurally generated ambient virtual coaching environment that can be adjusted by training subjects themselves or in collaboration. A small user experience study has been executed that gives first insight to the acceptance of such an approach.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011

Health estate, 2009

Four of the individuals behind an unusual Dutch project to bring together, under one overall &quo... more Four of the individuals behind an unusual Dutch project to bring together, under one overall "umbrella", a range of integrated healthcare, social care, educational and leisure facilities within a multicultural, multi-activity centre located in one of Amsterdam's most socially diverse "problem" districts, describe how the project evolved, and its ambitious short- and long-term goals.

Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference extended abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts - CHI EA '12, 2012

ABSTRACT Researchers studying virtual coaching have identified a variety of characteristics assoc... more ABSTRACT Researchers studying virtual coaching have identified a variety of characteristics associated with heightened motivation, but have not, to date, identified a mechanism underlying the success of particular coaches. This project tests two possible explanations for how coaches heighten motivation: the first is the straightforward explanation that coaching heightens self-efficacy, which in turn raises motivation; the second is the more novel idea that the quality of the pseudo-relationship between the virtual coach and the trainee is key to motivation. In an experiment comparing three systematically differing coaches, virtual coaches heightened both self-efficacy and parasocial interaction in some coaching conditions, but only parasocial interaction explained the patterns of results for intrinsic motivation. The findings have important theoretical implications for understanding the effects of parasocial interaction on health behaviors, with practical applications for the design of virtual coaches to improve health.

Philosophical Psychology, 1999

Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2010

To maintain religious standards, individuals must frequently endure aversive or forsake pleasurab... more To maintain religious standards, individuals must frequently endure aversive or forsake pleasurable experiences. Yet religious individuals on average display higher levels of emotional well-being compared to nonreligious individuals. The present article seeks to resolve this paradox by suggesting that many forms of religion may facilitate a self-regulatory mode that is flexible, efficient, and largely unconscious. In this implicit mode of self-regulation, religious individuals may be able to strive for high standards and simultaneously maintain high emotional well-being. A review of the empirical literature confirmed that religious stimuli and practices foster implicit self-regulation, particularly among individuals who fully internalized their religion's standards. The present work suggests that some seemingly irrational aspects of religion may have important psychological benefits by promoting implicit self-regulation.

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1995

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2003

... Daniel Read Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , a an... more ... Daniel Read Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , a and Peter HMP Roelofsma b. ... The first such elicitation effect reported was [Lichtenstein and Slovic, 1971] comparison between choice and matching (pricing) of bets. ...

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2001

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2000

... Pattern type Preference ordera Pattern type I4 I3 T ab bc cd ac bd ad T I3 I4 1 abcd dcba 33 ... more ... Pattern type Preference ordera Pattern type I4 I3 T ab bc cd ac bd ad T I3 I4 1 abcd dcba 33 2 bacd À dcab 34 3 acbd À dbca 35 4 abdc À cdba 36 5 (abc)d À d(cba) 37 6 a(bcd) À (dcb)a 38 7 (abcd) À (dcba) 39 8 (cba)d À À d(abc) 40 9 badc À À cdab 41 10 bcad À À dacb 42 ...

Ergonomics, 2000

This paper provides a critical review of social contextual and group biases that are relevant to ... more This paper provides a critical review of social contextual and group biases that are relevant to team decision-making in command and control situations. Motivated by the insuYcient level of attention this area has received, the purpose of the paper is to provide an insight into the potential that these types of biases have to aVect the decision-making of such teams. The biases considered are: false consensus, groupthink, group polarization and group escalation of commitment. For each bias the following four questions are addressed. What is the descriptive nature of the bias? What factors induce the bias? What psychological mechanisms underlie the bias? What is the relevance of the bias to command and control teams? The analysis suggests that these biases have a strong potential to aVect team decisions. Consistent with the nature of team decision-making in command and control situations, all of the biases considered tend to be associated with those decisions that are important or novel and are promoted by time pressure and high levels of uncertainty. A concept unifying these biases is that of the shared mental model, but whereas false consensus emanates from social projection tendencies, the rest emanate from social in¯uence factors. The authors also discuss the`tricky' distinction between teams and groups and propose a revised de® nition for command and control team. Finally, the authors emphasize the need for future empirical research in this area to pay additional attention to the social side of cognition and the potential that social biases have to aVect team decision-making.

Computers in Human Behavior, 2013

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