Peter Schröder - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Peter Schröder
Frontiers in plant science, 2017
Endophytes are microorganisms colonizing plant internal tissues. They are ubiquitously associated... more Endophytes are microorganisms colonizing plant internal tissues. They are ubiquitously associated with plants and play an important role in plant growth and health. In this work, we grew five modern cultivars of barley in axenic systems using sterile sand mixture as well as in greenhouse with natural soil. We characterized the potentially active microbial communities associated with seeds and roots using rRNA based amplicon sequencing. The seeds of the different cultivars share a great part of their microbiome, as we observed a predominance of a few bacterial OTUs assigned to Phyllobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Trabusiella. Seed endophytes, particularly members of the Enterobacteriacea and Paenibacillaceae, were important members of root endophytes in axenic systems, where there were no external microbes. However, when plants were grown in soil, seed endophytes became less abundant in root associated microbiome. We observed a clear enrichment of Actinobacteriacea and Rhizobiaceae, i...
Water research, Oct 3, 2017
The use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for the irrigation of crops may result in the continuous ex... more The use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for the irrigation of crops may result in the continuous exposure of the agricultural environment to antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In recent years, certain evidence indicate that antibiotics and resistance genes may become disseminated in agricultural soils as a result of the amendment with manure and biosolids and irrigation with RWW. Antibiotic residues and other contaminants may undergo sorption/desorption and transformation processes (both biotic and abiotic), and have the potential to affect the soil microbiota. Antibiotics found in the soil pore water (bioavailable fraction) as a result of RWW irrigation may be taken up by crop plants, bioaccumulate within plant tissues and subsequently enter the food webs; potentially resulting in detrimental public health implications. It can be also hypothesized that ARGs can spread among soil and plant-associated bacteria, a fact that may have ...
Plant and Soil, 2015
Background and aims Selenium (Se) phytotoxicity at the cellular level disturbs the synthesis and ... more Background and aims Selenium (Se) phytotoxicity at the cellular level disturbs the synthesis and functions of proteins, together with the generation of an oxidative stress condition. This study reveals the nitro-oxidative stress events, supplemented by a broad spectrumed characterisation of the Se-induced symptoms. Methods Applying several, carefully selected methods, we investigated the selenite treatment-induced changes in the Se and sulphur contents, pigment composition, hydrogen peroxide level, activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, lipid peroxidation and protein tyrosine nitration. Results The Se content increased intensively and concentration-dependently in the organs of the treated plants, which led to altered vegetative and reproductive development. The level of the investigated reactive oxygen species and antioxidants supported the presence of the Se-induced oxidative stress, but also pointed out nitrosative changes, in parallel. Conclusions The presented results aim to map the altered vegetative and reproductive development of Setreated pea plants. Mild dose of Se has supportive effect, while high concentrations inhibit growth. Behind Se toxicity, we discovered both oxidative and nitrosative stress-induced modifications. Moreover, the presented data first reveals selenite-induced concentration-and organ-dependent tyrosine nitration in pea.
Frontiers in plant science, 2018
Plants like winter wheat are known for their insufficient N uptake between sowing and the followi... more Plants like winter wheat are known for their insufficient N uptake between sowing and the following growing season. Especially after N-rich crops like oilseed rape or field bean, nitrogen retention of the available soil N can be poor, and the risk of contamination of the hydrosphere with nitrate (NO) and the atmosphere with nitrous oxide (NO) is high. Therefore, novel strategies are needed to preserve these unused N resources for subsequent agricultural production. High organic carbon soil amendments (HCA) like wheat straw promote microbial N immobilization by stimulating microbes to take up N from soil. In order to test the suitability of different HCA for immobilization of excess N, we conducted a laboratory incubation experiment with soil columns, each containing 8 kg of sandy loam of an agricultural Ap horizon. We created a scenario with high soil mineral N content by adding 150 kg NH-N ha to soil that received either wheat straw, spruce sawdust or lignin at a rate of 4.5 t C ha...
Frontiers in plant science, 2017
In this study, we investigated the impact of different land use intensities (LUI) on the root-ass... more In this study, we investigated the impact of different land use intensities (LUI) on the root-associated microbiome of Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass). For this purpose, eight sampling sites with different land use intensity levels but comparable soil properties were selected in the southwest of Germany. Experimental plots covered land use levels from natural grassland up to intensively managed meadows. We used 16S rRNA gene based barcoding to assess the plant-associated community structure in the endosphere, rhizosphere and bulk soil of D. glomerata. Samples were taken at the reproductive stage of the plant in early summer. Our data indicated that roots harbor a distinct bacterial community, which clearly differed from the microbiome of the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Our results revealed Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Comamonadaceae as the most abundant endophytes independently of land use intensity. Rhizosphere and bulk soil were dominated also by Proteobacteria, but t...
Frontiers in plant science, 2015
Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing drug which is used widely in Europe and No... more Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing drug which is used widely in Europe and North America. In the environment, it is found as a persistent and recalcitrant contaminant, being one of the most prominent hazardous pharmaceuticals and personal care products in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. Phragmites australis is one of the species with both, the highest potential of detoxification and phytoremediation. It has been used successfully in the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. Recently, the identification of endophytic microorganisms from different plant species growing in contaminated sites has provided a list of candidates which could be used as bio-inoculants for bioremediation of difficult compounds. In this study, Phragmites australis plants were exposed to 5 mg/L of carbamazepine. After 9 days the plants had removed 90% of the initial concentration. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from these plants and further characterized. Phylogenetic ...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1997
During long-term exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to trichloro-and monochloroacet... more During long-term exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to trichloro-and monochloroacetic acids via root uptake or acid mist treatments, both substances were removed from the plant tissues by metabolic activity. None of the treated plants exhibited visible stress symptoms at the concentrations used. In addition, the exposure to both substances led to dramatic changes in the activity of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes (peroxidase and gluthatione S-transferase) in the needles of the plants.
Biologia plantarum, 2008
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a secondary atmospheric pollutant, is also formed in forest soil and ... more Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a secondary atmospheric pollutant, is also formed in forest soil and thus ranked among natural organohalogens. The observed biooxidation of atmospheric tetrachloroethene (PER) to TCA in chloroplasts has led to the investigation of the mode of action of TCA in spruce needles, since TCA is also accumulated in the needles after its rapid uptake from soil by roots. Being phytotoxic, TCA considerably influences conifers by affecting their photosynthetic apparatus. We examined the transport of TCA from soil into chloroplasts in order to compare the effects of TCA on conifers from both sources, i.e. endogenously produced within chloroplasts or taken up by roots. The influence of TCA formed in chloroplasts was found to be much more adverse than that of "soil" TCA.
Environmental science & technology, Jan 18, 2017
This study explores ibuprofen (IBP) uptake and transformation in the wetland plant species Phragm... more This study explores ibuprofen (IBP) uptake and transformation in the wetland plant species Phragmites australis and the underlying mechanisms. We grew P. australis in perlite under greenhouse conditions and treated plants with 60 μg/L of IBP. Roots and rhizomes (RR), stems and leaves (SL), and liquid samples were collected during 21 days of exposure. Results show that P. australis can take up, translocate, and degrade IBP. IBP was completely removed from the liquid medium after 21 days with a half-life of 2.1 days. IBP accumulated in RR and was partly translocated to SL. Meanwhile, four intermediates were detected in the plant tissues: hydroxy-IBP, 1,2-dihydroxy-IBP, carboxy-IBP and glucopyranosyloxy-hydroxy-IBP. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was involved in the production of the two hydroxy intermediates. We hypothesize that transformation of IBP was first catalyzed by P450, and then by glycosyltransferase, followed by further storage or metabolism in vacuoles or cell walls. No sig...
Journal of hazardous materials, Jan 18, 2015
Oxybenzone (OBZ), known as Benzophenone-3, is a commonly used UV filter in sun tans and skin prot... more Oxybenzone (OBZ), known as Benzophenone-3, is a commonly used UV filter in sun tans and skin protectants, entering aquatic systems either directly during recreational activities or indirectly through wastewater treatment plants discharge. To study the potential degradation capacity of plants for OBZ in phytotreatment, a well-established hairy root culture (Armoracia rusticana) was treated with OBZ. More than 20% of spiked OBZ (100μM) was eliminated from the medium by hairy roots after 3h of exposure. Two metabolites were identified as oxybenzone-glucoside (OBZ-Glu) and oxybenzone-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside (OBZ-Mal-Glu) by LC-MS/MS and TOF-MS. Formation of these metabolites was confirmed by enzymatic synthesis, as well as enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis. Incubation with O-glucosyltransferase (O-GT) extracted from roots formed OBZ-Glu; whereas β-d-Glucosidase hydrolyzed OBZ-Glu. However, alkaline hydrolysis led to cleavage of OBZ-Mal-Glu and yielded OBZ-Glu. In the hairy root culture,...
Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung, 2000
E3S Web of Conferences, 2013
The major topic of the present experiment was the investigation of the antioxidative enzymes and ... more The major topic of the present experiment was the investigation of the antioxidative enzymes and the root exudate excretion after plant exposure to copper. The copper was added for each treatment as copper sulphate and copper nitrate in the concentrations of 10 µM, 5 0 µM and 100 µM , respectively. The plant species chosen for the study was Typha latifolia. The experiment gives insight into the plant responses to different copper supplies during the same conditions of exposure. Remarkable results were obtained during the time course about the excretion of organic acids from Typha latifolia roots during one week of copper exposure. Oxalic acid, malic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid were detected. Interestingly, not all organic acids are excreted from the roots in the first hours after copper addition.
![Research paper thumbnail of Microsomal Detoxification Enzymes in Yam Bean [Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98946215/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2004
Cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) constitute two of the largest groups of en... more Cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) constitute two of the largest groups of enzyme families that are responsible for detoxification of exogenous molecules in plants. Their activities differ from plant to plant with respect to metabolism and substrate specificity which is one of the reasons for herbicide selectivity. In the tuber forming yam bean, the legume Pachyrhizus erosus, their activities at the microsomal level were investigated to determine the detoxification status of the plant. The breakdown of the herbicide isoproturon (IPU) to two distinct metabolites, 1-OH-IPU and monodesmethyl-IPU, was demonstrated. GST activity was determined with model substrates, but also by the catalysed formation of the fluorescent glutathione bimane conjugate. This study demonstrates for the first time microsomal detoxification activity in Pachyrhizus and the fluorescence image description of microsomal GST catalysed reaction in a legume.
Frontiers in plant science, 2014
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2005
Unintentional loss of herbicides into drainage ditches, shores or other waterbodies may cause lar... more Unintentional loss of herbicides into drainage ditches, shores or other waterbodies may cause large problems in farmland. Therefore strategies for the phytoremediation of agrochemicals and especially herbicides have become a topic of great interest in many agricultural areas. However, in order to establish effective biological pollution control, information on the detoxification capacity of riparian plants and aquatic macrophytes (e.g., Phragmites australis) is important to build up effective buffer stripes. We determined the detoxification capacity of Phragmites australis roots and leaves for the conjugation of agrochemicals to glutathione by assaying the model substrate CDNB as well as the herbicides fenoxaprop-P, propachlor, pethoxamid and terbuthylazine. Specific GST activities were always higher in the rhizomes (6.78 d 0.88 μkat/mg protein for CDNB) than in leaves (1.08 d 0.21 μkat/mg protein). The detoxification capacity is distributed across an array of GST isoforms. In summa...
Phytochemistry, 2000
Soluble and microsomal glutathione S-transferase activities for five model xenobiotics (nitrobenz... more Soluble and microsomal glutathione S-transferase activities for five model xenobiotics (nitrobenzene derivatives), two pesticidal xenobiotics (atrazine and fluorodifen), and a natural substrate (cinnamic acid), were determined in 59 different plant species and four plant cell suspension cultures. These enzyme activities were widely distributed over the plant kingdom with certain species showing particularly high activities. Marine macroalgae had a remarkably broad substrate range that included the substrates atrazine and fluorodifen. It is concluded that the evolutionary 'green liver' concept derived for xenobiotic metabolism in higher plant species is also valid for the constitutive soluble and microsomal glutathione S-transferases of lower plant species.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - International, 2007
phytoremediation technologies seem to be most promising to solve this burning problem. Conclusion... more phytoremediation technologies seem to be most promising to solve this burning problem. Conclusions. To quantify the occurrence and the distribution of micropollutants, to evaluate their effects, and to prevent them from passing through wastewater collection and treatment systems into rivers, lakes and ground water bodies represents an urgent task for applied environmental sciences in the coming years. Recommendations. Public acceptance of green technologies is generally higher than that of industrial processes. The EU should stimulate research to upgrade existing waste water treatment by implementing phytoremediation modules and demonstrating their reliability to the public.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2009
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2003
Intention, Goal, Background. The widespread and unconcerned use of chemicals in the past has led ... more Intention, Goal, Background. The widespread and unconcerned use of chemicals in the past has led to an accumulation of pollutants in our environment. Numerous sites are polluted with a mixture of organic chemicals and heavy metals. The future use of these sites and the safe consumption of groundwater from these areas depends on our ability to assess risk by determining the bioavailability of trace levels of pollutants in the respective soil solutions. Soil eluates containing heavy metals in mixture as well as pure heavy metals in aqueous solution were added to a spruce cell culture to set up such a test system.
Frontiers in plant science, 2017
Endophytes are microorganisms colonizing plant internal tissues. They are ubiquitously associated... more Endophytes are microorganisms colonizing plant internal tissues. They are ubiquitously associated with plants and play an important role in plant growth and health. In this work, we grew five modern cultivars of barley in axenic systems using sterile sand mixture as well as in greenhouse with natural soil. We characterized the potentially active microbial communities associated with seeds and roots using rRNA based amplicon sequencing. The seeds of the different cultivars share a great part of their microbiome, as we observed a predominance of a few bacterial OTUs assigned to Phyllobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Trabusiella. Seed endophytes, particularly members of the Enterobacteriacea and Paenibacillaceae, were important members of root endophytes in axenic systems, where there were no external microbes. However, when plants were grown in soil, seed endophytes became less abundant in root associated microbiome. We observed a clear enrichment of Actinobacteriacea and Rhizobiaceae, i...
Water research, Oct 3, 2017
The use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for the irrigation of crops may result in the continuous ex... more The use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for the irrigation of crops may result in the continuous exposure of the agricultural environment to antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In recent years, certain evidence indicate that antibiotics and resistance genes may become disseminated in agricultural soils as a result of the amendment with manure and biosolids and irrigation with RWW. Antibiotic residues and other contaminants may undergo sorption/desorption and transformation processes (both biotic and abiotic), and have the potential to affect the soil microbiota. Antibiotics found in the soil pore water (bioavailable fraction) as a result of RWW irrigation may be taken up by crop plants, bioaccumulate within plant tissues and subsequently enter the food webs; potentially resulting in detrimental public health implications. It can be also hypothesized that ARGs can spread among soil and plant-associated bacteria, a fact that may have ...
Plant and Soil, 2015
Background and aims Selenium (Se) phytotoxicity at the cellular level disturbs the synthesis and ... more Background and aims Selenium (Se) phytotoxicity at the cellular level disturbs the synthesis and functions of proteins, together with the generation of an oxidative stress condition. This study reveals the nitro-oxidative stress events, supplemented by a broad spectrumed characterisation of the Se-induced symptoms. Methods Applying several, carefully selected methods, we investigated the selenite treatment-induced changes in the Se and sulphur contents, pigment composition, hydrogen peroxide level, activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, lipid peroxidation and protein tyrosine nitration. Results The Se content increased intensively and concentration-dependently in the organs of the treated plants, which led to altered vegetative and reproductive development. The level of the investigated reactive oxygen species and antioxidants supported the presence of the Se-induced oxidative stress, but also pointed out nitrosative changes, in parallel. Conclusions The presented results aim to map the altered vegetative and reproductive development of Setreated pea plants. Mild dose of Se has supportive effect, while high concentrations inhibit growth. Behind Se toxicity, we discovered both oxidative and nitrosative stress-induced modifications. Moreover, the presented data first reveals selenite-induced concentration-and organ-dependent tyrosine nitration in pea.
Frontiers in plant science, 2018
Plants like winter wheat are known for their insufficient N uptake between sowing and the followi... more Plants like winter wheat are known for their insufficient N uptake between sowing and the following growing season. Especially after N-rich crops like oilseed rape or field bean, nitrogen retention of the available soil N can be poor, and the risk of contamination of the hydrosphere with nitrate (NO) and the atmosphere with nitrous oxide (NO) is high. Therefore, novel strategies are needed to preserve these unused N resources for subsequent agricultural production. High organic carbon soil amendments (HCA) like wheat straw promote microbial N immobilization by stimulating microbes to take up N from soil. In order to test the suitability of different HCA for immobilization of excess N, we conducted a laboratory incubation experiment with soil columns, each containing 8 kg of sandy loam of an agricultural Ap horizon. We created a scenario with high soil mineral N content by adding 150 kg NH-N ha to soil that received either wheat straw, spruce sawdust or lignin at a rate of 4.5 t C ha...
Frontiers in plant science, 2017
In this study, we investigated the impact of different land use intensities (LUI) on the root-ass... more In this study, we investigated the impact of different land use intensities (LUI) on the root-associated microbiome of Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass). For this purpose, eight sampling sites with different land use intensity levels but comparable soil properties were selected in the southwest of Germany. Experimental plots covered land use levels from natural grassland up to intensively managed meadows. We used 16S rRNA gene based barcoding to assess the plant-associated community structure in the endosphere, rhizosphere and bulk soil of D. glomerata. Samples were taken at the reproductive stage of the plant in early summer. Our data indicated that roots harbor a distinct bacterial community, which clearly differed from the microbiome of the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Our results revealed Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Comamonadaceae as the most abundant endophytes independently of land use intensity. Rhizosphere and bulk soil were dominated also by Proteobacteria, but t...
Frontiers in plant science, 2015
Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing drug which is used widely in Europe and No... more Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing drug which is used widely in Europe and North America. In the environment, it is found as a persistent and recalcitrant contaminant, being one of the most prominent hazardous pharmaceuticals and personal care products in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. Phragmites australis is one of the species with both, the highest potential of detoxification and phytoremediation. It has been used successfully in the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. Recently, the identification of endophytic microorganisms from different plant species growing in contaminated sites has provided a list of candidates which could be used as bio-inoculants for bioremediation of difficult compounds. In this study, Phragmites australis plants were exposed to 5 mg/L of carbamazepine. After 9 days the plants had removed 90% of the initial concentration. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from these plants and further characterized. Phylogenetic ...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1997
During long-term exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to trichloro-and monochloroacet... more During long-term exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to trichloro-and monochloroacetic acids via root uptake or acid mist treatments, both substances were removed from the plant tissues by metabolic activity. None of the treated plants exhibited visible stress symptoms at the concentrations used. In addition, the exposure to both substances led to dramatic changes in the activity of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes (peroxidase and gluthatione S-transferase) in the needles of the plants.
Biologia plantarum, 2008
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a secondary atmospheric pollutant, is also formed in forest soil and ... more Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a secondary atmospheric pollutant, is also formed in forest soil and thus ranked among natural organohalogens. The observed biooxidation of atmospheric tetrachloroethene (PER) to TCA in chloroplasts has led to the investigation of the mode of action of TCA in spruce needles, since TCA is also accumulated in the needles after its rapid uptake from soil by roots. Being phytotoxic, TCA considerably influences conifers by affecting their photosynthetic apparatus. We examined the transport of TCA from soil into chloroplasts in order to compare the effects of TCA on conifers from both sources, i.e. endogenously produced within chloroplasts or taken up by roots. The influence of TCA formed in chloroplasts was found to be much more adverse than that of "soil" TCA.
Environmental science & technology, Jan 18, 2017
This study explores ibuprofen (IBP) uptake and transformation in the wetland plant species Phragm... more This study explores ibuprofen (IBP) uptake and transformation in the wetland plant species Phragmites australis and the underlying mechanisms. We grew P. australis in perlite under greenhouse conditions and treated plants with 60 μg/L of IBP. Roots and rhizomes (RR), stems and leaves (SL), and liquid samples were collected during 21 days of exposure. Results show that P. australis can take up, translocate, and degrade IBP. IBP was completely removed from the liquid medium after 21 days with a half-life of 2.1 days. IBP accumulated in RR and was partly translocated to SL. Meanwhile, four intermediates were detected in the plant tissues: hydroxy-IBP, 1,2-dihydroxy-IBP, carboxy-IBP and glucopyranosyloxy-hydroxy-IBP. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was involved in the production of the two hydroxy intermediates. We hypothesize that transformation of IBP was first catalyzed by P450, and then by glycosyltransferase, followed by further storage or metabolism in vacuoles or cell walls. No sig...
Journal of hazardous materials, Jan 18, 2015
Oxybenzone (OBZ), known as Benzophenone-3, is a commonly used UV filter in sun tans and skin prot... more Oxybenzone (OBZ), known as Benzophenone-3, is a commonly used UV filter in sun tans and skin protectants, entering aquatic systems either directly during recreational activities or indirectly through wastewater treatment plants discharge. To study the potential degradation capacity of plants for OBZ in phytotreatment, a well-established hairy root culture (Armoracia rusticana) was treated with OBZ. More than 20% of spiked OBZ (100μM) was eliminated from the medium by hairy roots after 3h of exposure. Two metabolites were identified as oxybenzone-glucoside (OBZ-Glu) and oxybenzone-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside (OBZ-Mal-Glu) by LC-MS/MS and TOF-MS. Formation of these metabolites was confirmed by enzymatic synthesis, as well as enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis. Incubation with O-glucosyltransferase (O-GT) extracted from roots formed OBZ-Glu; whereas β-d-Glucosidase hydrolyzed OBZ-Glu. However, alkaline hydrolysis led to cleavage of OBZ-Mal-Glu and yielded OBZ-Glu. In the hairy root culture,...
Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung, 2000
E3S Web of Conferences, 2013
The major topic of the present experiment was the investigation of the antioxidative enzymes and ... more The major topic of the present experiment was the investigation of the antioxidative enzymes and the root exudate excretion after plant exposure to copper. The copper was added for each treatment as copper sulphate and copper nitrate in the concentrations of 10 µM, 5 0 µM and 100 µM , respectively. The plant species chosen for the study was Typha latifolia. The experiment gives insight into the plant responses to different copper supplies during the same conditions of exposure. Remarkable results were obtained during the time course about the excretion of organic acids from Typha latifolia roots during one week of copper exposure. Oxalic acid, malic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid were detected. Interestingly, not all organic acids are excreted from the roots in the first hours after copper addition.
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2004
Cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) constitute two of the largest groups of en... more Cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) constitute two of the largest groups of enzyme families that are responsible for detoxification of exogenous molecules in plants. Their activities differ from plant to plant with respect to metabolism and substrate specificity which is one of the reasons for herbicide selectivity. In the tuber forming yam bean, the legume Pachyrhizus erosus, their activities at the microsomal level were investigated to determine the detoxification status of the plant. The breakdown of the herbicide isoproturon (IPU) to two distinct metabolites, 1-OH-IPU and monodesmethyl-IPU, was demonstrated. GST activity was determined with model substrates, but also by the catalysed formation of the fluorescent glutathione bimane conjugate. This study demonstrates for the first time microsomal detoxification activity in Pachyrhizus and the fluorescence image description of microsomal GST catalysed reaction in a legume.
Frontiers in plant science, 2014
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2005
Unintentional loss of herbicides into drainage ditches, shores or other waterbodies may cause lar... more Unintentional loss of herbicides into drainage ditches, shores or other waterbodies may cause large problems in farmland. Therefore strategies for the phytoremediation of agrochemicals and especially herbicides have become a topic of great interest in many agricultural areas. However, in order to establish effective biological pollution control, information on the detoxification capacity of riparian plants and aquatic macrophytes (e.g., Phragmites australis) is important to build up effective buffer stripes. We determined the detoxification capacity of Phragmites australis roots and leaves for the conjugation of agrochemicals to glutathione by assaying the model substrate CDNB as well as the herbicides fenoxaprop-P, propachlor, pethoxamid and terbuthylazine. Specific GST activities were always higher in the rhizomes (6.78 d 0.88 μkat/mg protein for CDNB) than in leaves (1.08 d 0.21 μkat/mg protein). The detoxification capacity is distributed across an array of GST isoforms. In summa...
Phytochemistry, 2000
Soluble and microsomal glutathione S-transferase activities for five model xenobiotics (nitrobenz... more Soluble and microsomal glutathione S-transferase activities for five model xenobiotics (nitrobenzene derivatives), two pesticidal xenobiotics (atrazine and fluorodifen), and a natural substrate (cinnamic acid), were determined in 59 different plant species and four plant cell suspension cultures. These enzyme activities were widely distributed over the plant kingdom with certain species showing particularly high activities. Marine macroalgae had a remarkably broad substrate range that included the substrates atrazine and fluorodifen. It is concluded that the evolutionary 'green liver' concept derived for xenobiotic metabolism in higher plant species is also valid for the constitutive soluble and microsomal glutathione S-transferases of lower plant species.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - International, 2007
phytoremediation technologies seem to be most promising to solve this burning problem. Conclusion... more phytoremediation technologies seem to be most promising to solve this burning problem. Conclusions. To quantify the occurrence and the distribution of micropollutants, to evaluate their effects, and to prevent them from passing through wastewater collection and treatment systems into rivers, lakes and ground water bodies represents an urgent task for applied environmental sciences in the coming years. Recommendations. Public acceptance of green technologies is generally higher than that of industrial processes. The EU should stimulate research to upgrade existing waste water treatment by implementing phytoremediation modules and demonstrating their reliability to the public.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2009
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2003
Intention, Goal, Background. The widespread and unconcerned use of chemicals in the past has led ... more Intention, Goal, Background. The widespread and unconcerned use of chemicals in the past has led to an accumulation of pollutants in our environment. Numerous sites are polluted with a mixture of organic chemicals and heavy metals. The future use of these sites and the safe consumption of groundwater from these areas depends on our ability to assess risk by determining the bioavailability of trace levels of pollutants in the respective soil solutions. Soil eluates containing heavy metals in mixture as well as pure heavy metals in aqueous solution were added to a spruce cell culture to set up such a test system.