Petr Martinek - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Petr Martinek

Cereal Research Communications, 2013

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the allelic composition of Glu-A1, Glu-B1 an... more Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the allelic composition of Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci that comprise the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits in 15 triticale genotypes. The Glu-A1b allele was detected most frequently (86.7%) at the Glu-A1 locus; the Glu-A1a and Glu-A1c alleles were only found, respectively, in the 'Pawo' and 'Leontino' varieties. Five allelic combinations were detected at Glu-B1 [Glu-B1-1a+2o (encoding Bx7+By8*), Glu-B1-1a+2s (Bx7+By18*), Glu-B1-1a+2z (Bx7+By20*), Glu-B1-1b+ 2a (Bx7*+By8) and Glu-B1-1b+2o (Bx7*+By8*)]. The Glu-D1d allele (HMW subunits 5+10) was observed in breeding lines that carried translocated segments of wheat chromosome 1D. Dough mixing results indicated the Glu-D1d allele provided slight improvements in bread-making quality. Three-year results with Glu-B1b+2o/2a encoding subunits Bx7*+By8/ By8* exhibited positive affects in bread-making quality. These subunits were detected in varieties 'Mungis' and 'Pawo'.

Plants

Twelve Triticum aestivum L. spp. aestivum varieties with pigmented grain, namely one red, six pur... more Twelve Triticum aestivum L. spp. aestivum varieties with pigmented grain, namely one red, six purple, three blue, and two black, were grown in open fields over two consecutive years and screened to investigate their risk to the accumulation of multiple Fusarium-related mycotoxins. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its modified forms DON3Glc, 3Ac-DON, 15Ac-DON, and T-2, HT-2, ZEN, and Enniatin B were quantified by means of UHPLC-MS/MS, along with 14 different cyanidin, petunidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin glycosides. A significant strong influence effect of the harvesting year (p = 0.0002) was noticed for DON content, which was more than doubled between harvesting years growing seasons (mean of 3746 µg kg−1 vs. 1463 µg kg−1). In addition, a striking influence of varieties with different grain colour on DON content (p < 0.0001) emerged in combination with the harvesting year (year×colour, p = 0.0091), with blue grains being more contaminated (mean of 5352 µg kg−1) an...

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 2016

Parameters of spike productivity in plants varieties Novosibirskaya 67 (N67), Saratovskaya 29 (S2... more Parameters of spike productivity in plants varieties Novosibirskaya 67 (N67), Saratovskaya 29 (S29), Puza-4 and «many-fl wered» line Skle 123-09 were assessed in two years with different weather conditions. It was shown that «many-fl wered» line Skle 123-09 is significa tly higher in the number of grains per spike and number of grains per spikelet than varieties N67, S29 and Puza-4, and that the expression of «manyfl wering» depends on the environmental conditions and the genetic background. It was shown that the «many-fl wering» is a genetic trait and is therefore workable. A study of hybrids F 2 С29 × Skle123-09, N67 × Skle 123-09, P-4 × Skle 123-09 isolated plants with fan-shaped cones and a high number of grains per spikelet as Skle 123-09 and having the best performance of other features as ear varieties recipients. The seeds of these plants will be used to secure «fl wering». Two-factor analysis of variance showed that the number of grains per spike knotted depends on growing conditions, genotype and their interaction. Variability of grains per spikelet in drought-resistant varieties of S29 and Puza-4 is mainly dependent on the genotype and, to a lesser extent, on the «genotype × environment» interaction. In variety N67 created for West Siberia, only genotype is a factor. The weight of a grain per ear primarily is primarily affected by «genotype × environment» (almost 60 %), while the influen e of «genotype × environmental» was half as strong. The variability of «masse of one grain» in F 2 hybrids (S29, P-4 × Skle123-09) is infl enced by environmental factors, genotype and their interplay. Genotype accounts for the highest impact (> 70 %). F 2 hybrids (N67 × Skle 123-09) share the greatest variability in the «genotype × environment» interaction (77 %).

Heliyon, 2023

The objective of this study was to examine the rheological and fermentation behavior of doughs pr... more The objective of this study was to examine the rheological and fermentation behavior of doughs prepared from five different colored wheat varieties (black AF Zora, yellow KM 111-18, purple AF Jumiko, blue AF Oxana and red Vanessa – chosen as a standard), which contain polyphenolics in the outer layers of grains. Three wholemeal flour fractions (fine, semi-coarse and coarse) were used for each variety. The flour fractions differed in the particle size of the bran, the ash content and thus the phenolic compound content. The baking trials, texture and sensory analyses of breads were performed, to assess their overall acceptability. The coarser granulation of flour fractions, average hardness (8.5<12.6<20.2 N) and chewiness (584<796<1053 N) of breads increased, while other parameters: springiness (90>87>77%), cohesiveness (78>75>70%) and resilience (35>32>27%) decreased. Moreover, the increase in off-flavors was detected with higher bran content. Regarding the flour granulation, the fine
fraction seemed to be the most suitable due to its high gas-retention capacity. The best products in terms of both dough and bread quality reached blue AF Oxana and yellow KM 111-18. Utilization of colored wheat in bakery industry may present a good strategy of providing valueadded products to the consumers.

Four genetically independent bread wheat lines with altered spike morphology caused by developmen... more Four genetically independent bread wheat lines with altered spike morphology caused by development of supernumerary spikelets at rachis nodes were characterized by modern methods of karyotype analysis, Cbanding and FISH. Three lines carried rearrangements of group 2 chromosomes: substitution of chromosome 2D and deletions of 2D, terminal and interstitial. The deletion breakpoints were defined by microsatellite analysis. The deletions were co-localized on the genetic map with the MRS1 gene, whose mutation caused the development of clusters of supernumerary spikelets at rachis nodes. Evaluations of spike phenotypes of the line with the supernumerary spikelet trait and Chinese Spring deletion lines carrying deletions of chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D demonstrated that deletion of a group 2 chromosome might alter spike morphology, resulting in development of supernumerary spikelets at rachis nodes and changes in spike length and density.

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 2020

Awns are bristle‐like structures, typically extending from the tip end of the lemmas in the flore... more Awns are bristle‐like structures, typically extending from the tip end of the lemmas in the florets of cereal species, including such economically important crops as wheat (Triticum aestivum L., T. durum Desf.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). The presence of long awns adhered at tip end of glumes is a characteristic feature of “Persian wheat” T. carthlicum Nevski spike. Glume outgrowth of T. carthlicum Nevski spike passes into a long awn, equal in length to the lemma awn. Awned glumes can be formed in T. aestivum and T. aethiopicum wheats, however, such forms are rare. Features of the awned glume development and the genetic determinants of this trait have been little studied. In this paper, we described the features of the development and inheritance of the tetra-awness (awned glume) trait of the bread wheat T. aestivum line CD 1167-8, using classical genetic analysis, molecular genetic mapping, and scanning electron microscopy. It ...

Vavilovskij Žurnal Genetiki i Selekcii, 2015

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции, 2016

Fragmenta Agronomica, 1995

Using 7 specific STS markers, allelic composition of Glu-A3 locus was examined among set of 36 wi... more Using 7 specific STS markers, allelic composition of Glu-A3 locus was examined among set of 36 winter wheat genotypes containing blue, purple, yellow and red caryopses. Allele Glu-A3d occurred in all analyzed samples. Together with the Glu-A3d allele were detected Glu-A3f (53%) and Glu-A3c (8%) alleles. Two heterozygous gene forms were detected in wheat collection (Glu-A3d/f and Glu-A3c/d). Other Glu-A3a, Glu-A3b, Glu-A3e and Glu-A3g alleles were not detected in any sample. Selected yield and quality characteristics are also presented. Lines with non-standard caryopsis color had lower yields in comparison with standard ones. Group of lines with purple pericarp had high falling number which is connected with low activity of the hydrolytic enzymes and good resistance to sprouting. The non-standard color of the caryopsis is determined by anthocyanins and carotenoids which are important antioxidants.

Plant Breeding, Oct 1, 2015

The common 'three-pistil' (TP) wheat mutation line expresses TPs in a floret normally containing ... more The common 'three-pistil' (TP) wheat mutation line expresses TPs in a floret normally containing TPs forming three grains set close back-toback. The developmental origin of the TP trait in common wheat had been diagnosed non-destructively using the blue aleurone trait. The aleurone colour of F 2 seeds grown in F 1 plants of cross TP/UC66049 was evaluated. Due to xenia, the hue of blue grain colour depended on dose of the Ba1 gene for blue aleurone in the triploid endosperm. The TP trait produced four types of segregation in three-seed clusters: (i) white grain only, (ii) two white grains and one blue, (iii) one white grain and two blue, and (iv) three blue grains only. The observed frequency of bluewhite seed within clusters followed the binominal distribution 3 C r (0.75) r Á(0.25) 3-r , where r is the number of colour variants in three-seed clusters (r = 0-3). Intrafloret segregation of seed colour and F 2 segregation derived from aleurone colour of F 3 seeds indicated an independent origin of the TP trait.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2023

The boiling of colored-grain wheat kernels resulted in a more pronounced loss of total carotenoid... more The boiling of colored-grain wheat kernels resulted in a more pronounced loss of total carotenoids compared to in vitro digestion (27.3% vs. 12.1%). After both boiling and digestion, the highest carotenoid content was preserved in Citrus and Bona Vita wheats with yellow endosperm (2.34 and 1.88 μg/g), which is more than six times the content retained in the digested material of red and blue varieties. Esterified carotenoids exhibited subaverage heat-resistance, as their content dropped to 58.0% after boiling, while decreasing only slightly due to digestion (to 53.4%). The stability of free zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene differed significantly throughout boiling (92.3% > 72.3% > 27.1%) and subsequent digestion (68.3% > 60.1% > β-carotene was reduced completely). Exposure to high temperatures and other factors in play during digestion (i.e. acidic environment) resulted in lutein E/Z isomerization, mainly reflected by an increase in 9-and 9'-Z-lutein content to 111% and 225%.

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции, Oct 28, 2020

Аннотация. Ости-тонкие заостренные отростки, сформированные в дистальной части чешуй колоска соцв... more Аннотация. Ости-тонкие заостренные отростки, сформированные в дистальной части чешуй колоска соцветия некоторых видов злаков, включая такие экономически значимые культуры, как пшеница мягкая (Triticum aesti vum L.) и твердая (T. durum Desf.), ячмень (Hordeum vulgare L.), рис (Oryza sativa L.), рожь (Secale cereal L.). Наличие длинных остей на колосковых чешуях характерно для одного вида пшеницы-T. carthlicum Nevski, киль колосковой чешуи которого переходит в длинный остевидный отросток или ость, равную по длине ости цветковой чешуи. Колос T. carthlicum имеет удвоенное число остей, а сам признак получил название «тетраостость» или персикоидность. Ости на месте килевого зубца колосковых чешуй могут формироваться у пшениц T. aestivum и T. aethiopicum, однако такие формы встречаются редко. Особенности развития признака тетраостости и его генетические детерминанты изучены мало. В настоящем исследовании рассмотрены особенности развития и наследования признака «тетраостость» линии CD 1167-8 мягкой пшеницы T. aestivum c применением классического генетического анализа, молекулярно-генетического картирования и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Показано, что признак наследуется как рецессивный моногенный. Ген, контролирующий тетраостость линии CD 1167-8, картирован в длинном плече хромосомы 5A c использованием 15K-SNP-микрочипа, содержащего 15 000 ассоциированных с генами SNP пшеницы (Illumina Infinium 15K Wheat Array, TraitGenetics GmbH). Результаты теста на аллелизм продемонстрировали, что изучаемый ген аллелен b1, рецессивному аллелю гена-ингибитора остистости B1 (5AL). Таким образом, ген, контролирующий формирование остей на колосковых чешуях мягкой пшеницы, является рецессивным аллелем гена ингибитора остистости B1. Новый аллель обозначен b1.ag (b1. awned glume). Анализ развивающегося соцветия линии CD 1167-8 с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии выявил, что зачатки остей колосковых чешуй формируются по мере развития и роста колосковых чешуй одновременно с развитием остей на цветковых чешуях, различий в развитии остей на цветковых и колосковых чешуях не обнаружено. Ключевые слова: пшеница; Triticum aestivum L.; колос; остистость; тетраостость; молекулярно-генетическое картирование; SEM; ингибитор остистости B1.

Genetics and Molecular Research, 2015

HTS-1 is a new kind of pistillody wheat. All or parts of its stamen are transformed into pistils ... more HTS-1 is a new kind of pistillody wheat. All or parts of its stamen are transformed into pistils or pistil-like structures, and it has more seed sets per floret than normal wheat under normal cultivation conditions. To investigate the expression divergence in this mutant, an annealing control primer system was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the young spikelets. As a result, three DEGs, including HDB2, HGF2, and HCG4, were detected, with variable expression in HTS-1 and the control. After further confirmation using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, these genes were overexpressed in HTS-1 wheat. NGF2 was identified in the double ridge to floret differentiation stages; HDB2 and HCG4 were identified in the stage of pistil and stamen-differentiating. Therefore, we inferred that the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures occurred during the early stage of stamen development. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that HDB2 encodes a putative protein of 189 amino acids, ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (2): 3995-4004 (2015) with high homology to the DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase, and HCG4 was identical to the Chinese spring wheat cDNA clone predicted protein according to GenBank. However, NGF2 was not found to have significant similarity to any reported proteins, suggesting it is a new functional gene in wheat. The results suggest that HDB2, HCG4, and HGF2 are minor genes contributing to pistillody trait formation in HTS-1.

The interest in wheat genetic resources with different grain colour has recently increased. Diffe... more The interest in wheat genetic resources with different grain colour has recently increased. Differences in grain colour are caused by the presence of polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins and carotenoids. Resources of uncommon grain colour have blue aleurone (Ba genes), purple pericarp (Pp genes) and yellow endosperm (Psy genes), which are determined by the presence of anthocyanins and carotenoids, respectively. These substances have antioxidant activity and are useful for the production of functional foods with positive effects on consumers' health. In 2011, the winter wheat variety Skorpion with blue aleurone, which had been bred in the Czech Republic, was registered in Austria. The used donor of blue aleurone comes from the heritage of Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg (1871-1962). The breeding program at Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, is focused on the development of winter wheat genotypes with dark grain combining different genes for grain colour and simultaneously agronomic important traits (yield, resistance to stress) and good baking quality. In different kernel tissues there are different amounts of coloured substances that affect their content in bran and flour and, thus, their content in bakery and biscuit products.