Bruce Petrie - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bruce Petrie
Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Jul 1, 1993
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 1992
The present study is the first to examine the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of the... more The present study is the first to examine the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of the neuroexcitotoxin domoic acid on learning in mice. Compared to saline controls, animals exposed to domoic acid (2.0 mg/kg) showed significant impairment on the acquisition of the place task in the Morris water maze. Observation of swim paths taken by mice searching for the underwater platform revealed a failure on the part of the domoic acid-exposed mice to select the appropriate problem solving strategies. The results, along with neuroanatomic work done here and elsewhere, suggest that impairment of acquisition and retention of this spatial navigation task by domoic acid, involves a neuropathology that includes not only the hippocampus, but other limbic, and possibly extralimbic brain regions. Domoic acid Acquisition Spatial navigation Learning Hippocampus Morris water maze Neuroexcitant amino acid Neurotoxin Neuroexcitotoxin Mouse Place task Mussel toxin
Perceptual and Motor Skills, Jun 1, 1980
Psychological Reports, Dec 1, 1995
Swiss Webster (SW), Dilute Brown Agouti (DBA), and Deer Mice (DM) were tested for acquisition and... more Swiss Webster (SW), Dilute Brown Agouti (DBA), and Deer Mice (DM) were tested for acquisition and retention of a learning set place task in the Morris water maze. The learning set consisted of daily placing the hidden platform sequentially at 1 of 4 separate locations in the pool. All animals swam for 63 days in this version of the water task. SW animals were unable to find the platform reliably. The time taken by DBA and DM animals in escaping the pool declined rapidly, reaching asymptote within 21 days. The DM animals reached the platform significantly faster than either SW or DBA mice. Analyses of swim path selection used by the 3 strains indicated clearly that DM mice were the most systematic in the selecting and sequencing from a variety of potential strategies the appropriate methods necessary for the most efficient solution of the problem. The present results suggest that in light of the differences between strains observed in swimming behaviors, investigation of strain differences in the neuroanatomic structures believed to be related to the solving of spatial problems might be useful.
Psychobiology, Dec 1, 1989
Neurologieal effects of neonatal depletion of dopamine (DA) were examined during adulthood using ... more Neurologieal effects of neonatal depletion of dopamine (DA) were examined during adulthood using a eomprehensive battery of sensory and motor tests. On Postnatal Day 3, rat pups were pretreated with a noradrenaline uptake inhibitor followed by intraventricular mieroinfusion of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-0HDA) to deplete permanently more than 95 % of striatal dopamine content in the medial and lateral caudate in most animals. Control animals reeeived the noradrenaline uptake inhibitor followed by intraventrieular infusions of vehicle only. It was confirmed that the sensory and motor behaviors ofthe neonatal dopamine-depleted (N-6-0HDA) animals were surprisingly intaet, eonsidering the well-established symptoms of comparable dopamine depletion in adult-operated animals; however, a detailed analysis revealed an array of ehronie abnormalities not previously deteeted. The severity of impairment was linked to the degree of dopamine deficieney. A group ofN-6-0HDA animals (during adulthood) were given an additional, but unilateral, infusion of 6-0HDA into the nigrostriatal tract to further deplete DA in one hemisphere. This treatment eaused severe behavioral asymmetries to emerge whieh were comparable to those observed following the same treatment in eontrol adults. The unusually small level of undepleted DA in the N-6-0HDA animals may have been suffieient to permit sparing of certain functions. Nevertheless, in most behavioral tests, the rats that were most extremely depleted by the neonatal surgery were highly resistant to the additional DA depletion. Thus, neonatal damage may impart unique neural changes in both DAergic and non-DAergic systems that are associated with spared functions. The data may have implications for developmental investigations ofreeovery and sparing offunction, ofParkinson's disease, and of attention al disorders. Pennanent depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) can be achieved by intraventricular infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-0HDA) into neonatal rats (Day 3) pretreated with a noradrenergic uptake inhibitor. The depletion can be nearly total, yet remarkably few behavioral deficits have been reported. Thus, adult-operated rats following intraventricular 6-0HDA infusion show aphagia, adipsia, akinesia, and orientation impainnents (Marshall, Richardson,
Science, 1981
feet. Nevertheless, it is clear that the values reported in these anthroprometric studies corresp... more feet. Nevertheless, it is clear that the values reported in these anthroprometric studies correspond closely to our values. This leads us to question a systematic relation between leftand right-foot differences, sex, and handedness.
Reading Psychology, 2007
The purpose of this research project was to examine the effectiveness of supervised literacy tuto... more The purpose of this research project was to examine the effectiveness of supervised literacy tutoring delivered by 25 secondary teacher candidates to middle and high school students via webcam technology and in person. The results stem from two semester-long studies of ...
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1980
The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that in humans the sex of the fetus can b... more The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that in humans the sex of the fetus can be determined by fetal heart rate. Data were collected from 250 male and 250 female births on a number of perinatal and maternal variables that could affect fetal heart rate. The meaures included (1) the sex of the child, (2) the feral heart rate ausculated numerous times from admission to the hospital until the administration of obstetrical drugs,
Infant Behavior and Development, 1980
Twenty-eight infants were tested for intensity of grasp on'a gripometer and for duration of raffl... more Twenty-eight infants were tested for intensity of grasp on'a gripometer and for duration of raffle holding on a single-raffle and a two-rattle task. Tests commenced at an average age of 17 days with follow-up tests at 51, 82, and 105 days postpartum. Infants squeezed significantly harder with the right hand and held a single raffle significantly longer with the right hand. No left/right differences emerged when a raffle was held by the left and right hand simultaneously. The results give strong support to Caplan and Kinsbourne's (1976) observations. The possible role of subcortical asymmetries underlying asymmetries which develop later in life are discussed.
Behavioural Brain Research, 1996
Rats with removal of the medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex at days 3, 6, 9, 15, or 30 were compared... more Rats with removal of the medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex at days 3, 6, 9, 15, or 30 were compared behaviourally and anatomically to littermate controls. In contrast to adult operates, mPFC lesions at all young ages led to the development of an abnormally thin cortical mantle. In addition, although there was an obvious cavity in brains examined in the early postoperative period, the brains of animals with lesions at day 9 or 15 had no lesion cavity in adulthood as part of the cortex appeared to regrow. The differential anatomical consequences of the lesions at days 9 and 15 was correlated with a differential behavioural outcome as well. Thus although rats in all young lesion groups showed a milder behavioural syndrome than rats with comparable lesions in adulthood, the functional outcome was best for animals with lesions at 9 days of age.
Behavioral Neuroscience, 1988
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1987
Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Jul 1, 1993
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 1992
The present study is the first to examine the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of the... more The present study is the first to examine the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of the neuroexcitotoxin domoic acid on learning in mice. Compared to saline controls, animals exposed to domoic acid (2.0 mg/kg) showed significant impairment on the acquisition of the place task in the Morris water maze. Observation of swim paths taken by mice searching for the underwater platform revealed a failure on the part of the domoic acid-exposed mice to select the appropriate problem solving strategies. The results, along with neuroanatomic work done here and elsewhere, suggest that impairment of acquisition and retention of this spatial navigation task by domoic acid, involves a neuropathology that includes not only the hippocampus, but other limbic, and possibly extralimbic brain regions. Domoic acid Acquisition Spatial navigation Learning Hippocampus Morris water maze Neuroexcitant amino acid Neurotoxin Neuroexcitotoxin Mouse Place task Mussel toxin
Perceptual and Motor Skills, Jun 1, 1980
Psychological Reports, Dec 1, 1995
Swiss Webster (SW), Dilute Brown Agouti (DBA), and Deer Mice (DM) were tested for acquisition and... more Swiss Webster (SW), Dilute Brown Agouti (DBA), and Deer Mice (DM) were tested for acquisition and retention of a learning set place task in the Morris water maze. The learning set consisted of daily placing the hidden platform sequentially at 1 of 4 separate locations in the pool. All animals swam for 63 days in this version of the water task. SW animals were unable to find the platform reliably. The time taken by DBA and DM animals in escaping the pool declined rapidly, reaching asymptote within 21 days. The DM animals reached the platform significantly faster than either SW or DBA mice. Analyses of swim path selection used by the 3 strains indicated clearly that DM mice were the most systematic in the selecting and sequencing from a variety of potential strategies the appropriate methods necessary for the most efficient solution of the problem. The present results suggest that in light of the differences between strains observed in swimming behaviors, investigation of strain differences in the neuroanatomic structures believed to be related to the solving of spatial problems might be useful.
Psychobiology, Dec 1, 1989
Neurologieal effects of neonatal depletion of dopamine (DA) were examined during adulthood using ... more Neurologieal effects of neonatal depletion of dopamine (DA) were examined during adulthood using a eomprehensive battery of sensory and motor tests. On Postnatal Day 3, rat pups were pretreated with a noradrenaline uptake inhibitor followed by intraventricular mieroinfusion of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-0HDA) to deplete permanently more than 95 % of striatal dopamine content in the medial and lateral caudate in most animals. Control animals reeeived the noradrenaline uptake inhibitor followed by intraventrieular infusions of vehicle only. It was confirmed that the sensory and motor behaviors ofthe neonatal dopamine-depleted (N-6-0HDA) animals were surprisingly intaet, eonsidering the well-established symptoms of comparable dopamine depletion in adult-operated animals; however, a detailed analysis revealed an array of ehronie abnormalities not previously deteeted. The severity of impairment was linked to the degree of dopamine deficieney. A group ofN-6-0HDA animals (during adulthood) were given an additional, but unilateral, infusion of 6-0HDA into the nigrostriatal tract to further deplete DA in one hemisphere. This treatment eaused severe behavioral asymmetries to emerge whieh were comparable to those observed following the same treatment in eontrol adults. The unusually small level of undepleted DA in the N-6-0HDA animals may have been suffieient to permit sparing of certain functions. Nevertheless, in most behavioral tests, the rats that were most extremely depleted by the neonatal surgery were highly resistant to the additional DA depletion. Thus, neonatal damage may impart unique neural changes in both DAergic and non-DAergic systems that are associated with spared functions. The data may have implications for developmental investigations ofreeovery and sparing offunction, ofParkinson's disease, and of attention al disorders. Pennanent depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) can be achieved by intraventricular infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-0HDA) into neonatal rats (Day 3) pretreated with a noradrenergic uptake inhibitor. The depletion can be nearly total, yet remarkably few behavioral deficits have been reported. Thus, adult-operated rats following intraventricular 6-0HDA infusion show aphagia, adipsia, akinesia, and orientation impainnents (Marshall, Richardson,
Science, 1981
feet. Nevertheless, it is clear that the values reported in these anthroprometric studies corresp... more feet. Nevertheless, it is clear that the values reported in these anthroprometric studies correspond closely to our values. This leads us to question a systematic relation between leftand right-foot differences, sex, and handedness.
Reading Psychology, 2007
The purpose of this research project was to examine the effectiveness of supervised literacy tuto... more The purpose of this research project was to examine the effectiveness of supervised literacy tutoring delivered by 25 secondary teacher candidates to middle and high school students via webcam technology and in person. The results stem from two semester-long studies of ...
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1980
The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that in humans the sex of the fetus can b... more The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that in humans the sex of the fetus can be determined by fetal heart rate. Data were collected from 250 male and 250 female births on a number of perinatal and maternal variables that could affect fetal heart rate. The meaures included (1) the sex of the child, (2) the feral heart rate ausculated numerous times from admission to the hospital until the administration of obstetrical drugs,
Infant Behavior and Development, 1980
Twenty-eight infants were tested for intensity of grasp on'a gripometer and for duration of raffl... more Twenty-eight infants were tested for intensity of grasp on'a gripometer and for duration of raffle holding on a single-raffle and a two-rattle task. Tests commenced at an average age of 17 days with follow-up tests at 51, 82, and 105 days postpartum. Infants squeezed significantly harder with the right hand and held a single raffle significantly longer with the right hand. No left/right differences emerged when a raffle was held by the left and right hand simultaneously. The results give strong support to Caplan and Kinsbourne's (1976) observations. The possible role of subcortical asymmetries underlying asymmetries which develop later in life are discussed.
Behavioural Brain Research, 1996
Rats with removal of the medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex at days 3, 6, 9, 15, or 30 were compared... more Rats with removal of the medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex at days 3, 6, 9, 15, or 30 were compared behaviourally and anatomically to littermate controls. In contrast to adult operates, mPFC lesions at all young ages led to the development of an abnormally thin cortical mantle. In addition, although there was an obvious cavity in brains examined in the early postoperative period, the brains of animals with lesions at day 9 or 15 had no lesion cavity in adulthood as part of the cortex appeared to regrow. The differential anatomical consequences of the lesions at days 9 and 15 was correlated with a differential behavioural outcome as well. Thus although rats in all young lesion groups showed a milder behavioural syndrome than rats with comparable lesions in adulthood, the functional outcome was best for animals with lesions at 9 days of age.
Behavioral Neuroscience, 1988
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1987