Phaedra Budy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Phaedra Budy
The Southwestern Naturalist, 2012
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2016
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2015
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2015
Artificial impoundments provide essential anthropogenic services and can support popular recreati... more Artificial impoundments provide essential anthropogenic services and can support popular recreational sport fisheries. However, the novel food webs created can affect the performance of desired sport fishes. We implemented a large-scale field experiment across three small reservoirs to determine if predatory fish are forage limited and to what extent abiotic variables influence the lesser condition of predators in these stocked fisheries. We physically divided the experimental waters into control and treatment basins, and the treatment basin received additions of forage fish. Treatment effects were minimal across waters, however, responses varied based on inherently different abiotic and biotic characteristics of each. Diet and stable isotope analyses indicate that resident predators were unable to utilize stocked forage fish. These analyses, along with metrics of condition and bioenergetics models, suggest that the supplemental forage further increased competition for resources amo...
In 1995, the year following the discovery of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Yellowstone Lak... more In 1995, the year following the discovery of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Yellowstone Lake, the National Park Service (NPS) initiated a suppression program focused on limiting the negative effects of this nonnative predator on native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkia bouvieri). Following suggestions of a panel of nationally renowned scientists (Schullery and Varley (1995), the suppression program was based on gill nets set by US Fish and Wildlife Service (until 1996) and NPS crews. The suppression program expanded as the lake trout population increased, and in August 2008, a scientific review panel was convened by the NPS to evaluate suppression and recovery activities and provide future direction for the program. The panel recommended that the suppression effort should be increased, and monitoring and research of the Yellowstone cutthroat trout and lake trout populations should be expanded. The panel also suggested that a formal lake trout suppression plan n...
Suppression of invasive species in order to restore historical species assemblages and ecosystem ... more Suppression of invasive species in order to restore historical species assemblages and ecosystem integrity has become more prevalent in the past several decades, but in many cases, these programs are hampered by inadequate institutional and public support and funding. External peer review is an important mechanism for program evaluation that provides critical assessment of progress and potential for success, and concomitantly, it can be used as a means of building program support. For example, peer review of the lake trout suppression program currently being conducted in Yellowstone Lake was used in the development and initiation of the program in 1995, and in 2008, a second review was used to assess interim status of the program. By addressing most of the barriers to success identified during this external review, managers have improved the probability of success directly through targeted changes, and indirectly through renewed interest and support generated by these responses. The...
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1998
North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Sep 1, 2014
ABSTRACT Little is known about the variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of spawni... more ABSTRACT Little is known about the variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of spawning potamodromous trout despite decades of research directed at salmonid spawning ecology and the increased awareness that conserving life history diversity should be a focus of management. We monitored a population of fluvial–resident Bonneville Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah in a tributary to the Logan River, Utah, from 2006 to 2012 to gain insight into the distribution and timing of spawning and what factors may influence these spawning activities. We monitored Bonneville Cutthroat Trout using redd surveys with multiple observers and georeferenced redd locations. We documented an extended spawning period that lasted from late April to mid-July. The onset, median, and end of spawning was best predicted by the mean maximum water temperature during the first 13 weeks of the year (F = 130. 4, df = 5, R 2 = 0.96, P Castor canadensis. Both dam failure and construction appeared to be responsible for creating new spawning habitat that was quickly occupied, demonstrating rapid temporal response to local habitat changes. Bonneville Cutthroat Trout appeared to establish and defend a redd for up to 2 d, and spawning most often occurred between similar-sized individuals. Spawning surveys for potamodromous trout are an underutilized tool that could be used to better understand the distribution and timing of spawning as well as determine the size and trends of the reproducing portion of populations of management concern. Without efforts to document the diversity of this important aspect of potamodromous trout life history, prioritization of conservation will be problematic.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Nov 1, 2001
... In Pettit and other lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains, it seems likely that they are formed be-... more ... In Pettit and other lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains, it seems likely that they are formed be-cause plunging river inflows in the spring deliver nutrients to deep strata (W. Fleenor and W. Wurtsbaugh, unpublished data), and they are maintained because high macrozooplankton ...
North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 2012
Agu Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2006
Stream restoration has become a major focus of conservation efforts with millions of dollars spen... more Stream restoration has become a major focus of conservation efforts with millions of dollars spent each year on efforts aimed at recovering imperiled species; however, for animals with complex life-history strategies, this reliance on stream restoration for increasing overall survival requires that several key assumptions be met. We addressed fundamental uncertainties of the current focus on tributary restoration for recovery of endangered Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): 1) is there potential for improving habitat in tributary streams, 2) what magnitude of early survival improvement can be expected based on stream restoration, and 3) will incremental increases in early survival be sufficient to ensure viability of the populations that compose the Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU)? We combined simple mechanistic habitat models, population viability measures, and categorical filters to quantify the potential for increasing total life-cycle survival (TLCS) across all 32 populations (ESU), based on increases to early freshwater survival, predicted to occur in response to restored tributary condition. A wide gap remains between how much survival improvement is needed, versus what is likely to occur under tributary restoration; tributary restoration has the potential to increase survival to the necessary minimum for only four populations in the ESU while the remaining populations (84%) still fall far below the survival needed for future viability. In addition, across the ESU; on average, a 171% increase in TLCS is necessary, whereas only ~106% appears possible. A recovery strategy for these salmon that relies largely on tributary restoration, to mitigate for known mortality imposed at other life stages (e.g., migration through hydropower dams) is risky and has a low probability of success. For animals with complex life cycles and exhibiting long migrations, stream restoration efforts may be ineffective and misplaced, if the targeted life stage is not limiting or unresponsive, and/or if there is little potential for increasing survival overall. We demonstrate both an approach for, and the importance of, completing a comprehensive a prior evaluation of restoration potential, such that scarce resources can be allocated to efforts with the greatest potential and the least amount of risk.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1577 T04 159 1, Jan 9, 2011
The Southwestern Naturalist, 2012
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2016
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2015
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2015
Artificial impoundments provide essential anthropogenic services and can support popular recreati... more Artificial impoundments provide essential anthropogenic services and can support popular recreational sport fisheries. However, the novel food webs created can affect the performance of desired sport fishes. We implemented a large-scale field experiment across three small reservoirs to determine if predatory fish are forage limited and to what extent abiotic variables influence the lesser condition of predators in these stocked fisheries. We physically divided the experimental waters into control and treatment basins, and the treatment basin received additions of forage fish. Treatment effects were minimal across waters, however, responses varied based on inherently different abiotic and biotic characteristics of each. Diet and stable isotope analyses indicate that resident predators were unable to utilize stocked forage fish. These analyses, along with metrics of condition and bioenergetics models, suggest that the supplemental forage further increased competition for resources amo...
In 1995, the year following the discovery of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Yellowstone Lak... more In 1995, the year following the discovery of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Yellowstone Lake, the National Park Service (NPS) initiated a suppression program focused on limiting the negative effects of this nonnative predator on native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkia bouvieri). Following suggestions of a panel of nationally renowned scientists (Schullery and Varley (1995), the suppression program was based on gill nets set by US Fish and Wildlife Service (until 1996) and NPS crews. The suppression program expanded as the lake trout population increased, and in August 2008, a scientific review panel was convened by the NPS to evaluate suppression and recovery activities and provide future direction for the program. The panel recommended that the suppression effort should be increased, and monitoring and research of the Yellowstone cutthroat trout and lake trout populations should be expanded. The panel also suggested that a formal lake trout suppression plan n...
Suppression of invasive species in order to restore historical species assemblages and ecosystem ... more Suppression of invasive species in order to restore historical species assemblages and ecosystem integrity has become more prevalent in the past several decades, but in many cases, these programs are hampered by inadequate institutional and public support and funding. External peer review is an important mechanism for program evaluation that provides critical assessment of progress and potential for success, and concomitantly, it can be used as a means of building program support. For example, peer review of the lake trout suppression program currently being conducted in Yellowstone Lake was used in the development and initiation of the program in 1995, and in 2008, a second review was used to assess interim status of the program. By addressing most of the barriers to success identified during this external review, managers have improved the probability of success directly through targeted changes, and indirectly through renewed interest and support generated by these responses. The...
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1998
North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Sep 1, 2014
ABSTRACT Little is known about the variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of spawni... more ABSTRACT Little is known about the variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of spawning potamodromous trout despite decades of research directed at salmonid spawning ecology and the increased awareness that conserving life history diversity should be a focus of management. We monitored a population of fluvial–resident Bonneville Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah in a tributary to the Logan River, Utah, from 2006 to 2012 to gain insight into the distribution and timing of spawning and what factors may influence these spawning activities. We monitored Bonneville Cutthroat Trout using redd surveys with multiple observers and georeferenced redd locations. We documented an extended spawning period that lasted from late April to mid-July. The onset, median, and end of spawning was best predicted by the mean maximum water temperature during the first 13 weeks of the year (F = 130. 4, df = 5, R 2 = 0.96, P Castor canadensis. Both dam failure and construction appeared to be responsible for creating new spawning habitat that was quickly occupied, demonstrating rapid temporal response to local habitat changes. Bonneville Cutthroat Trout appeared to establish and defend a redd for up to 2 d, and spawning most often occurred between similar-sized individuals. Spawning surveys for potamodromous trout are an underutilized tool that could be used to better understand the distribution and timing of spawning as well as determine the size and trends of the reproducing portion of populations of management concern. Without efforts to document the diversity of this important aspect of potamodromous trout life history, prioritization of conservation will be problematic.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Nov 1, 2001
... In Pettit and other lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains, it seems likely that they are formed be-... more ... In Pettit and other lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains, it seems likely that they are formed be-cause plunging river inflows in the spring deliver nutrients to deep strata (W. Fleenor and W. Wurtsbaugh, unpublished data), and they are maintained because high macrozooplankton ...
North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 2012
Agu Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2006
Stream restoration has become a major focus of conservation efforts with millions of dollars spen... more Stream restoration has become a major focus of conservation efforts with millions of dollars spent each year on efforts aimed at recovering imperiled species; however, for animals with complex life-history strategies, this reliance on stream restoration for increasing overall survival requires that several key assumptions be met. We addressed fundamental uncertainties of the current focus on tributary restoration for recovery of endangered Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): 1) is there potential for improving habitat in tributary streams, 2) what magnitude of early survival improvement can be expected based on stream restoration, and 3) will incremental increases in early survival be sufficient to ensure viability of the populations that compose the Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU)? We combined simple mechanistic habitat models, population viability measures, and categorical filters to quantify the potential for increasing total life-cycle survival (TLCS) across all 32 populations (ESU), based on increases to early freshwater survival, predicted to occur in response to restored tributary condition. A wide gap remains between how much survival improvement is needed, versus what is likely to occur under tributary restoration; tributary restoration has the potential to increase survival to the necessary minimum for only four populations in the ESU while the remaining populations (84%) still fall far below the survival needed for future viability. In addition, across the ESU; on average, a 171% increase in TLCS is necessary, whereas only ~106% appears possible. A recovery strategy for these salmon that relies largely on tributary restoration, to mitigate for known mortality imposed at other life stages (e.g., migration through hydropower dams) is risky and has a low probability of success. For animals with complex life cycles and exhibiting long migrations, stream restoration efforts may be ineffective and misplaced, if the targeted life stage is not limiting or unresponsive, and/or if there is little potential for increasing survival overall. We demonstrate both an approach for, and the importance of, completing a comprehensive a prior evaluation of restoration potential, such that scarce resources can be allocated to efforts with the greatest potential and the least amount of risk.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1577 T04 159 1, Jan 9, 2011