Philip Gipson - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Philip Gipson

The Journal of Wildlife Management, 1981

... LS UNDERWOOD, AND TM CASEY. 1972. ... WILLIAM F. ANDELT,1 Department of Zoology and Ento-molo... more ... LS UNDERWOOD, AND TM CASEY. 1972. ... WILLIAM F. ANDELT,1 Department of Zoology and Ento-mology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; and PHILIP S. GIPSON, Alaska Cooperative Wildlife Re-search Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701. ...

The distribution of feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in Texas has not been well documented. Th... more The distribution of feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in Texas has not been well documented. This report discusses several observations of feral dogs in northwest Texas and the implications of these observations to cattle and wildlife.

The private industry in wildlife damage control is expanding into territory predominantly occupie... more The private industry in wildlife damage control is expanding into territory predominantly occupied by public agencies in the past. There is a potential for overlap and competition in services provided by the public and private sectors in Kansas. We examined wildlife damage control activity reports from the Cooperative Extension Service (CES), Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (IDWP), and private nuisance wildlife control operators (NWCO) to determine the most common species controlled by each and their overlap in services across Kansas. The CES predominantly controlled coyotes (Cams latrans. KDWP primarily controlled beavers Castor canadensis , deer (Odocoileus spp.), and raccoons roc on lotor. NWCO predominantly controlled squirrels Sciurus spp.), followed by beavers and raccoons. CES operated predominantly in rural and urban/rural mixed counties, while KDWP operated in urban and urban/rural mixed counties, and NWCO operated primarily in urban counties. KDWP and NWCO overlapped extensively industry in wildlife damage control is young and Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and the rapidly growing. Barnes (1993) determined Cooperative Extension Service at Kansas State businesses specializing in wildlife damage control University for providing the records to analyze for had only been operating an average of 3.

We develop the ring-theoretic notion of Invariant Basis Number in the context of unital C *-algeb... more We develop the ring-theoretic notion of Invariant Basis Number in the context of unital C *-algebras and their Hilbert C *-modules. Characterization of C *-algebras with Invariant Basis Number is given in K-theoretic terms, closure properties of the class of C *-algebras with Invariant Basis Number are given, and examples of C *-algebras both with and without the property are explored. For C *-algebras without Invariant Basis Number we determine structure in terms of a "Basis Type" and describe a class of C *-algebras which are universal in an appropriate sense. We conclude by investigating properties which are strictly stronger than Invariant Basis Number.

Little research has been conducted on rodent control techniques in livestock feedlot situations. ... more Little research has been conducted on rodent control techniques in livestock feedlot situations. We tested efficacy of several treatments including two anticoagulant baits, an acute toxicant and snap trapping to reduce rodent populations at the Beef Cattle Research Center at Kansas State University. Among the four treatments utilized, Contrac®, Blox®, and Ditrac® Tracking Powder reduced the number of active burrows. ZP® Rodent Bait had no observed effect on the rodent population and no rodents were taken with snap traps. Burrow activity appears to be a better census method when compared to corn consumption when rodents have access to unlimited food. Pages 117-123 in C. D. Lee and S.E. Hygnstrom, eds. Thirteenth Great Plains Wildl. Damage Control Workshop Proc., Published by Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.

Illinois Journal of Mathematics

We develop the ring-theoretic notion of Invariant Basis Number in the context of unital C *-algeb... more We develop the ring-theoretic notion of Invariant Basis Number in the context of unital C *-algebras and their Hilbert C *-modules. Characterization of C *-algebras with Invariant Basis Number is given in K-theoretic terms, closure properties of the class of C *-algebras with Invariant Basis Number are given, and examples of C *-algebras both with and without the property are explored. For C *-algebras without Invariant Basis Number we determine structure in terms of a "Basis Type" and describe a class of C *-algebras which are universal in an appropriate sense. We conclude by investigating properties which are strictly stronger than Invariant Basis Number.

The Canadian Field-Naturalist

Previous research showed that Coyotes (Canis latrans) and other canids might be more vulnerable t... more Previous research showed that Coyotes (Canis latrans) and other canids might be more vulnerable to capture near the boundary or outside of their home ranges, making the capture of specific individuals within their territories difficult. Information concerning capture vulnerability relative to home range boundaries for other carnivores is lacking. During a four-year study of carnivore ecology in Kansas, we compared capture locations of Coyotes, Bobcats (Lynx rufus), and Raccoons (Procyon lotor) to their home range boundaries to determine if they were more likely to be captured inside, or near the periphery of, their home ranges. Resident Coyotes were captured disproportionately more often (P < 0.01) near the periphery of their home ranges, whereas Bobcats, Raccoons, and transient Coyotes were captured equally (P > 0.05) in both areas of their home ranges. Differences in capture vulnerability within and between species might be related to differences in social organization and b...

The Canadian Field-Naturalist

We monitored 12 radio-tagged adult Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from an unexploited population in nor... more We monitored 12 radio-tagged adult Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from an unexploited population in northeastern Kansas to determine intersexual differences in space and habitat use. Home ranges (mean ± SE) of males were relatively large (266 ± 14 ha) and mutually exclusive, whereas home ranges of females were relatively small (122 ± 52 ha) and overlapped extensively. Sizes of home ranges were smaller (P < 0.05) in winter than summer for both sexes, although females reduced their home ranges more than males. Females used more grassland habitats than males during summer (P < 0.05), whereas males used more grassland habitats than females during winter (P < 0.05). Seasonal differences in habitat selection was detected for females (P < 0.05), but not males. Intersexual differences in space and habitat use were likely related to different behavioral strategies employed by male and female Raccoons.

The private industry involvement in nuisance animal damage control is increasing in Kansas. Impro... more The private industry involvement in nuisance animal damage control is increasing in Kansas. Improved oversight of that industry is needed and the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (KDWP) plans to implement a mandatory education and certification program beginning in 1998. KDWP currently issues permits to individuals who wish to trap or control nuisance animals outside of normal harvest seasons. Individuals who have held these permits to conduct nuisance animal damage control were surveyed in 1995 to better understand the status and needs of that industry in Kansas. A 3-page mail survey was sent to all 93 permit holders. Raccoons (Procyon lotor), beaver (Castor Canadensis), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were the species most often involved in complaints. Most damage control was conducted from March to June and occurred in both urban and rural areas. About 42% of the individuals doing nuisance animal damage control work did not receive monetary compensation for their services. Most respondents believed there was competition for control services from KDWP, Cooperative Extension Service, and the USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Animal Damage Control program. There was strong support for a mandatory training and certification program. About half of all respondents indicated there is potential or strong potential for new private nuisance animal damage control businesses. Private animal damage control appears to have a future in Kansas. That future should include continuing cooperation and coordination between public natural resource management agencies and private damage control operators.

Wild pigs have expanded their range markedly during the last 30 years. In Kansas feral pigs from ... more Wild pigs have expanded their range markedly during the last 30 years. In Kansas feral pigs from domestic stock were first reported in 1994 on Fort Riley Army Base. During 2005, 2006, and 2007 the occurrence of reproducing wild pigs was confirmed on 18 sites throughout Kansas and 4 sites in Nebraska. One Nebraska population is in a county neighboring Kansas. Estimated numbers of pigs ranged from 8-10 individuals at each of 2 sites in Kansas to more than 30 on each of 3 other sites. The wild pig population in Kansas appears to be changing from 1 predominantly of domestic stock to 1 of Eurasian wild boar descent and hybrids of the 2. Ninety-one percent of wild pigs examined from Kansas between 1993-1997 were classified as coming from domestic stock. However, only 34% of wild pigs examined in 2003-2006 were classified as being from domestic stock. Sixty-six percent were classified as wild boar or hybrids. On 1 site in Nebraska, 1 sow and a litter of 6 piglets were classified as hybrids with wild boar; wild pigs killed on 3 additional sites appeared to be from domestic stock.

Twenty-five Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contract holders in Riley County, Kansas were surv... more Twenty-five Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contract holders in Riley County, Kansas were surveyed by telephone to assess their perceptions of wildlife damage relative to CRP plantings. Sixty-four percent experienced wildlife damage on their farm or ranch. Respondents felt that five species causing damage on their farm or ranch had become more common due to enrollment of lands in the CRP. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) accounted for 64.3% of these observations, followed by wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), which accounted for 14.3 %, 7.1%, 7.1%, and 7.1% of the damage observations, respectively. Only 12.5% of respondents attempted to control wildlife damage, and none felt that wildlife damage was severe enough to preclude future enrollment in programs such as the CRP. Most respondents allowed hunting or trapping by non-family members on their CRP lands (68.8%), but none felt that increased hunting or trapping would reduce the amount of wildlife damage they experienced. All respondents felt that the benefits of the CRP exceeded costs associated with wildlife damage and that the program was highly beneficial overall. Proc. 17th Vertebr. Pest Conf.

A wide range of environmental and behavioral factors can explain species distribution. Examinatio... more A wide range of environmental and behavioral factors can explain species distribution. Examination of those factors can help management agencies develop plans for species management and conservation. Unfortunately, the reliability of occurrence records when using sighting reports as evidence is highly variable. Our objectives in this paper are to: 1) provide confirmation of identification criteria for rare or unusual felines; and 2) evaluate the distribution of cougar sightings in Kansas. IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA Virtually all methods for providing species distributions are based on occurrence records (Ferrier 2002). In the absence of physical evidence, researchers must rely upon information provided by sightings. An observer's knowledge of the characteristics, behavior and field sign of a cougar certainly contributes to the validity of sightings when reviewed by those who are developing occurrence records. The correct ident

Elk (Cervus elaphus) historically occurred throughout Kansas but were extirpated from the state a... more Elk (Cervus elaphus) historically occurred throughout Kansas but were extirpated from the state around 1890. Free-ranging elk populations were reestablished in Kansas through reintroduction efforts on Cimarron National Grasslands from 1981-1990, and on Fort Riley Military Installation from 1986-1994. Current elk distributions in the state have not been published following these reintroduction efforts. The current and historical distribution of this species in Kansas is described.

The Journal of Wildlife Management, 1981

... LS UNDERWOOD, AND TM CASEY. 1972. ... WILLIAM F. ANDELT,1 Department of Zoology and Ento-molo... more ... LS UNDERWOOD, AND TM CASEY. 1972. ... WILLIAM F. ANDELT,1 Department of Zoology and Ento-mology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; and PHILIP S. GIPSON, Alaska Cooperative Wildlife Re-search Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701. ...

The distribution of feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in Texas has not been well documented. Th... more The distribution of feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in Texas has not been well documented. This report discusses several observations of feral dogs in northwest Texas and the implications of these observations to cattle and wildlife.

The private industry in wildlife damage control is expanding into territory predominantly occupie... more The private industry in wildlife damage control is expanding into territory predominantly occupied by public agencies in the past. There is a potential for overlap and competition in services provided by the public and private sectors in Kansas. We examined wildlife damage control activity reports from the Cooperative Extension Service (CES), Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (IDWP), and private nuisance wildlife control operators (NWCO) to determine the most common species controlled by each and their overlap in services across Kansas. The CES predominantly controlled coyotes (Cams latrans. KDWP primarily controlled beavers Castor canadensis , deer (Odocoileus spp.), and raccoons roc on lotor. NWCO predominantly controlled squirrels Sciurus spp.), followed by beavers and raccoons. CES operated predominantly in rural and urban/rural mixed counties, while KDWP operated in urban and urban/rural mixed counties, and NWCO operated primarily in urban counties. KDWP and NWCO overlapped extensively industry in wildlife damage control is young and Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and the rapidly growing. Barnes (1993) determined Cooperative Extension Service at Kansas State businesses specializing in wildlife damage control University for providing the records to analyze for had only been operating an average of 3.

We develop the ring-theoretic notion of Invariant Basis Number in the context of unital C *-algeb... more We develop the ring-theoretic notion of Invariant Basis Number in the context of unital C *-algebras and their Hilbert C *-modules. Characterization of C *-algebras with Invariant Basis Number is given in K-theoretic terms, closure properties of the class of C *-algebras with Invariant Basis Number are given, and examples of C *-algebras both with and without the property are explored. For C *-algebras without Invariant Basis Number we determine structure in terms of a "Basis Type" and describe a class of C *-algebras which are universal in an appropriate sense. We conclude by investigating properties which are strictly stronger than Invariant Basis Number.

Little research has been conducted on rodent control techniques in livestock feedlot situations. ... more Little research has been conducted on rodent control techniques in livestock feedlot situations. We tested efficacy of several treatments including two anticoagulant baits, an acute toxicant and snap trapping to reduce rodent populations at the Beef Cattle Research Center at Kansas State University. Among the four treatments utilized, Contrac®, Blox®, and Ditrac® Tracking Powder reduced the number of active burrows. ZP® Rodent Bait had no observed effect on the rodent population and no rodents were taken with snap traps. Burrow activity appears to be a better census method when compared to corn consumption when rodents have access to unlimited food. Pages 117-123 in C. D. Lee and S.E. Hygnstrom, eds. Thirteenth Great Plains Wildl. Damage Control Workshop Proc., Published by Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.

Illinois Journal of Mathematics

We develop the ring-theoretic notion of Invariant Basis Number in the context of unital C *-algeb... more We develop the ring-theoretic notion of Invariant Basis Number in the context of unital C *-algebras and their Hilbert C *-modules. Characterization of C *-algebras with Invariant Basis Number is given in K-theoretic terms, closure properties of the class of C *-algebras with Invariant Basis Number are given, and examples of C *-algebras both with and without the property are explored. For C *-algebras without Invariant Basis Number we determine structure in terms of a "Basis Type" and describe a class of C *-algebras which are universal in an appropriate sense. We conclude by investigating properties which are strictly stronger than Invariant Basis Number.

The Canadian Field-Naturalist

Previous research showed that Coyotes (Canis latrans) and other canids might be more vulnerable t... more Previous research showed that Coyotes (Canis latrans) and other canids might be more vulnerable to capture near the boundary or outside of their home ranges, making the capture of specific individuals within their territories difficult. Information concerning capture vulnerability relative to home range boundaries for other carnivores is lacking. During a four-year study of carnivore ecology in Kansas, we compared capture locations of Coyotes, Bobcats (Lynx rufus), and Raccoons (Procyon lotor) to their home range boundaries to determine if they were more likely to be captured inside, or near the periphery of, their home ranges. Resident Coyotes were captured disproportionately more often (P < 0.01) near the periphery of their home ranges, whereas Bobcats, Raccoons, and transient Coyotes were captured equally (P > 0.05) in both areas of their home ranges. Differences in capture vulnerability within and between species might be related to differences in social organization and b...

The Canadian Field-Naturalist

We monitored 12 radio-tagged adult Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from an unexploited population in nor... more We monitored 12 radio-tagged adult Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from an unexploited population in northeastern Kansas to determine intersexual differences in space and habitat use. Home ranges (mean ± SE) of males were relatively large (266 ± 14 ha) and mutually exclusive, whereas home ranges of females were relatively small (122 ± 52 ha) and overlapped extensively. Sizes of home ranges were smaller (P < 0.05) in winter than summer for both sexes, although females reduced their home ranges more than males. Females used more grassland habitats than males during summer (P < 0.05), whereas males used more grassland habitats than females during winter (P < 0.05). Seasonal differences in habitat selection was detected for females (P < 0.05), but not males. Intersexual differences in space and habitat use were likely related to different behavioral strategies employed by male and female Raccoons.

The private industry involvement in nuisance animal damage control is increasing in Kansas. Impro... more The private industry involvement in nuisance animal damage control is increasing in Kansas. Improved oversight of that industry is needed and the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (KDWP) plans to implement a mandatory education and certification program beginning in 1998. KDWP currently issues permits to individuals who wish to trap or control nuisance animals outside of normal harvest seasons. Individuals who have held these permits to conduct nuisance animal damage control were surveyed in 1995 to better understand the status and needs of that industry in Kansas. A 3-page mail survey was sent to all 93 permit holders. Raccoons (Procyon lotor), beaver (Castor Canadensis), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were the species most often involved in complaints. Most damage control was conducted from March to June and occurred in both urban and rural areas. About 42% of the individuals doing nuisance animal damage control work did not receive monetary compensation for their services. Most respondents believed there was competition for control services from KDWP, Cooperative Extension Service, and the USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Animal Damage Control program. There was strong support for a mandatory training and certification program. About half of all respondents indicated there is potential or strong potential for new private nuisance animal damage control businesses. Private animal damage control appears to have a future in Kansas. That future should include continuing cooperation and coordination between public natural resource management agencies and private damage control operators.

Wild pigs have expanded their range markedly during the last 30 years. In Kansas feral pigs from ... more Wild pigs have expanded their range markedly during the last 30 years. In Kansas feral pigs from domestic stock were first reported in 1994 on Fort Riley Army Base. During 2005, 2006, and 2007 the occurrence of reproducing wild pigs was confirmed on 18 sites throughout Kansas and 4 sites in Nebraska. One Nebraska population is in a county neighboring Kansas. Estimated numbers of pigs ranged from 8-10 individuals at each of 2 sites in Kansas to more than 30 on each of 3 other sites. The wild pig population in Kansas appears to be changing from 1 predominantly of domestic stock to 1 of Eurasian wild boar descent and hybrids of the 2. Ninety-one percent of wild pigs examined from Kansas between 1993-1997 were classified as coming from domestic stock. However, only 34% of wild pigs examined in 2003-2006 were classified as being from domestic stock. Sixty-six percent were classified as wild boar or hybrids. On 1 site in Nebraska, 1 sow and a litter of 6 piglets were classified as hybrids with wild boar; wild pigs killed on 3 additional sites appeared to be from domestic stock.

Twenty-five Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contract holders in Riley County, Kansas were surv... more Twenty-five Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contract holders in Riley County, Kansas were surveyed by telephone to assess their perceptions of wildlife damage relative to CRP plantings. Sixty-four percent experienced wildlife damage on their farm or ranch. Respondents felt that five species causing damage on their farm or ranch had become more common due to enrollment of lands in the CRP. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) accounted for 64.3% of these observations, followed by wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), which accounted for 14.3 %, 7.1%, 7.1%, and 7.1% of the damage observations, respectively. Only 12.5% of respondents attempted to control wildlife damage, and none felt that wildlife damage was severe enough to preclude future enrollment in programs such as the CRP. Most respondents allowed hunting or trapping by non-family members on their CRP lands (68.8%), but none felt that increased hunting or trapping would reduce the amount of wildlife damage they experienced. All respondents felt that the benefits of the CRP exceeded costs associated with wildlife damage and that the program was highly beneficial overall. Proc. 17th Vertebr. Pest Conf.

A wide range of environmental and behavioral factors can explain species distribution. Examinatio... more A wide range of environmental and behavioral factors can explain species distribution. Examination of those factors can help management agencies develop plans for species management and conservation. Unfortunately, the reliability of occurrence records when using sighting reports as evidence is highly variable. Our objectives in this paper are to: 1) provide confirmation of identification criteria for rare or unusual felines; and 2) evaluate the distribution of cougar sightings in Kansas. IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA Virtually all methods for providing species distributions are based on occurrence records (Ferrier 2002). In the absence of physical evidence, researchers must rely upon information provided by sightings. An observer's knowledge of the characteristics, behavior and field sign of a cougar certainly contributes to the validity of sightings when reviewed by those who are developing occurrence records. The correct ident

Elk (Cervus elaphus) historically occurred throughout Kansas but were extirpated from the state a... more Elk (Cervus elaphus) historically occurred throughout Kansas but were extirpated from the state around 1890. Free-ranging elk populations were reestablished in Kansas through reintroduction efforts on Cimarron National Grasslands from 1981-1990, and on Fort Riley Military Installation from 1986-1994. Current elk distributions in the state have not been published following these reintroduction efforts. The current and historical distribution of this species in Kansas is described.