Philip Sanga - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Philip Sanga

Research paper thumbnail of Case Management of Substance Induced Psychosis Using Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Clinical practice, 2017

Substance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other... more Substance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other drugs. The symptoms for this form of psychosis can resolve within days or weeks though tendencies of relapsing occur with persistent use of the drugs. The purpose of this article was to examine Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations as a framework to assist nurses in understanding and managing patients with substance induced psychosis. The theory involves a therapeutic process that is collaboratively undertaken by both the nurse and the patient towards resolving an identified health problem. The nurse-patient relationship evolves through three phases of orientation, working and termination. The nurse may function as a stranger, leader, teacher, resource person, surrogate and counsellor in helping the patient adopt a healthier behaviour. The nurse-patient relationship allows the patient to freely express their emotions, feelings and thoughts about a given health problem. This enhances understanding of the health problem and guides nurses to helping the patients meet their individual needs. Nursing practice should focus on strengthening interpersonal relationships with patients to improve health outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Experience of Parents with Children with Autism in Mandaue City, Philippines

Journal of medicine, nursing & public health, May 13, 2022

This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experiences of parents raising children wit... more This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experiences of parents raising children with autism and to compare how the experiences of each parent differed from the other. The research aimed to provide insight into how parents with children with autism experienced the pre-diagnostic phase, how they were able to cope up with their activities of daily living and other concerns related to the future of their child. The study provided an understanding of the condition parents with a child with autism are in, and points out their greatest needs, which include the need for information regarding autism and emotional support. Nurses after knowing the challenges parents and the child with autism go through will be more sensitive and therapeutic when rendering care. The support that nurses extended will be more appreciated by parents with a child with autism, especially during their vulnerable times. Finally due to the limited knowledge parents have at the time of diagnosis nurses will be there to educate parents on the nature of the disorder and to answer their concerns. Nurses together with other health care providers should focus on creating therapeutic relationships with parents with a child with autism to open up channels for interaction and sharing of vital information. This way parents will be comfortable to open up their fears and their struggles with ease that will aid in giving relevant interventions. To be able to provide quality care in public schools, the government should work on improving the working condition of teachers by employing more teachers who meet the need of the enrolled students. More classrooms should be opened and more teachers trained to help children with autism. Keywords: Experience of Parents, Children with Autism, Mandaue City, Philippines

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Covid-19 vaccine uptake among the elderly aged 58 years and above in Kericho County, Kenya: Institution based cross sectional survey

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Jan 18, 2023

Background Hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of... more Background Hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of the value of vaccine in preventing disease and saving lives. It is suggested that context-specific strategies can enhance acceptability and decrease hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine. Hence, the study determined uptake and determinants of Covid-19 vaccine following a sustained voluntary vaccination drive by Kenyan government. Method We conducted institution based cross-sectional survey of 1244 elderly persons aged 58 to 98 years in the months of January, February and March, 2022. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate determinants of Covid 19 vaccine uptake. The predictor variables included socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, convenience and ease of access of the vaccine, collective responsibility, complacency and the three dimensions of confidence; trust in safety, trust in decision makers and delivery system. The findings are reported as the adjusted odd ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Significant level was considered at p <0.05.

Research paper thumbnail of Experience of Nursing Students in Mental Health Training in Kenya

International journal of clinical psychiatry and mental health, May 10, 2018

There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the num... more There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the number of psychiatric nurses available. Few students enroll in the psychiatric nursing specialty in Kenya. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of nursing students and their attitudes towards psychiatric nursing. The study was carried out at three universities and five colleges of nursing in Western Kenya among students pursuing bachelor's degree & diploma courses (n=245). Cluster and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. A descriptive cross sectional design was used and data were collected using semistructured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 21. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Two-sided t-test was used to compare the mean of those willing to pursue psychiatric nursing and those not willing. There was a significant relationship between religion and preparation for mental health clinical placement (p=0.03). The Catholics had a higher mean of 2.9 (95% CI = 2.8-3.0) unlike the protestants who had a mean of 2.8 (95% CI = 2.8-2.9). Female participants were significantly knowledgeable about mental illness compared to males (p = 0.03) with a mean of 2.8 (95% CI = 2.7-2.8) versus a mean of 2.7 (95% CI = 2.6-2.8) for the males. A significant relationship between anxiety surrounding mental illness and availability of a psychiatric unit within the training institution was noted (p=0.008). Those who had a psychiatric unit within their training institution had a higher mean of 2.5 (95% CI = 2.4-2.6) compared to that of those in institutions that did not have psychiatric training institutions within the learning institutions with a mean of 2.3 (95% CI = 2.2-2.4). There was a significant relationship between the students' interests in nursing after completion of secondary school and experience during clinical placement (p = 0.05). Those who had higher interest had a higher mean of 2.8, 95% CI=2.7-2.8 compared to their counterparts with a mean of mean 2.4 (95% CI=1.9-2.8). The researchers recommends early exposure of students to psychiatric patients in their training, improvement on mentorship programmes for the students in psychiatry, thorough preparation of students for their clinical placement and provision of more opportunities for further studies in psychiatric nursing. A study to determine the influence of religion on attitudes towards psychiatric nursing is recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Covid-19 vaccine uptake among the elderly aged 58 years and above in Kericho County, Kenya: Institution based cross sectional survey

BackgroundHesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of ... more BackgroundHesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of the value of vaccine in preventing disease and saving lives. It is suggested that context-specific strategies can enhance acceptability and decrease hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine. Hence, the study determined uptake and determinants of Covid-19 vaccine following a sustained voluntary vaccination drive by Kenyan government.MethodWe conducted institution based cross-sectional survey of 1244 elderly persons aged 58 to 98 years in the months of January, February and March, 2022. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate determinants of Covid 19 vaccine uptake. The predictor variables included socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, convenience and ease of access of the vaccine, collective responsibility, complacency and the three dimensions of confidence; trust in safety, trust in decision makers and delivery system. The findings are reported as the adjusted od...

Research paper thumbnail of Experience of Parents with Children with Autism in Mandaue City, Philippines

Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health

This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experiences of parents raising children wit... more This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experiences of parents raising children with autism and to compare how the experiences of each parent differed from the other. The research aimed to provide insight into how parents with children with autism experienced the pre-diagnostic phase, how they were able to cope up with their activities of daily living and other concerns related to the future of their child. The study provided an understanding of the condition parents with a child with autism are in, and points out their greatest needs, which include the need for information regarding autism and emotional support. Nurses after knowing the challenges parents and the child with autism go through will be more sensitive and therapeutic when rendering care. The support that nurses extended will be more appreciated by parents with a child with autism, especially during their vulnerable times. Finally due to the limited knowledge parents have at the time of diagnosis nurses wi...

Research paper thumbnail of The Relationship between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Recruitment, Retention, and Health Improvements in a Worksite Health Promotion Program

American Journal of Health Promotion, 1991

Background. Recruitment, retention, and success in a worksite health promotion program was examin... more Background. Recruitment, retention, and success in a worksite health promotion program was examined among various demographic groups of employees (n = 11,830) of the Dallas, Texas Independent School District. Methods. Enrolled employees (n =3,873) were given a health screen consisting of health habit assessment, measurement of clinical variables, physical fitness testing, and a medical examination. Results. Thirty-three percent of employees were successfully recruited into the program. Recruitment rates were virtually identical for men and women (32 % and 33%, respectively), but varied across ethnic, age, and education groups. Blacks, younger employees, and noncollege graduates were less likely to be recruited. Sixtynine percent of the employees were retained in the program, as defined by participation in the second screen, and women were more likely to be retained than men (71 % versus 64%, respectively). Retention rates throughout the 10-week program were higher for whites and His...

Research paper thumbnail of Experience of Nursing Students in Mental Health Training in Kenya

International Journal of Clinical Psychiatry and Mental Health

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship Between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Attitudes of Nursing Students Toward Psychiatry in Kenya

American Journal of Nursing Science, 2017

There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the num... more There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the number of psychiatric nurses available. Few students enroll in the psychiatric nursing specialty in Kenya. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of nursing students and their attitudes towards psychiatric nursing. The study was carried out at three universities and five colleges of nursing in Western Kenya among students pursuing bachelor's degree & diploma courses (n=245). Cluster and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. A descriptive cross sectional design was used and data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 21. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Two-sided t-test was used to compare the mean of those willing to pursue psychiatric nursing and those not willing. Th...

Research paper thumbnail of Case Management of Substance Induced Psychosis Using Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Substance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other... more Substance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other drugs. The symptoms for this form of psychosis can resolve within days or weeks though tendencies of relapsing occur with persistent use of the drugs. The purpose of this article was to examine Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations as a framework to assist nurses in understanding and managing patients with substance induced psychosis. The theory involves a therapeutic process that is collaboratively undertaken by both the nurse and the patient towards resolving an identified health problem. The nurse-patient relationship evolves through three phases of orientation, working and termination. The nurse may function as a stranger, leader, teacher, resource person, surrogate and counsellor in helping the patient adopt a healthier behaviour. The nurse-patient relationship allows the patient to freely express their emotions, feelings and thoughts about a given health problem. This enhance...

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship Between Nursing Students’ Psychiatric Encounters and the Choice of Psychiatric Nursing Specialty in Kenya

Management of mentally ill patients is mainly done by psychiatric nurses in Kenya. This study sou... more Management of mentally ill patients is mainly done by psychiatric nurses in Kenya. This study sought to identify the association between nursing students’ psychiatric encounters and the perception towards psychiatric nursing in Kenya using a cross-sectional study design. Cluster and systematic random sampling were used to select the study participants. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21. Odds ratio was used to identify the association between variables. A significant association existed between the students who were supported by clinical instructor/mentor and the desire to pursue psychiatric nursing (OR: 2.31; CI: 1.14-4.70; p=0.018). A strong association existed between the preparedness of the nursing staff for the arrival of the students and their wish to pursue psychiatric nursing programme (OR: 0.69; CI: 0.63-0.76; p<0.001). A significant association existed between the nursing staff knowledge about the objectives of the students and the desire of the nursing students to...

Research paper thumbnail of Fetus papyraceous: A case report of Kapkatet Sub-County Hospital, Kenya

Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health

Research paper thumbnail of Case Management of Substance Induced Psychosis Using Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Clinical practice, 2017

Substance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other... more Substance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other drugs. The symptoms for this form of psychosis can resolve within days or weeks though tendencies of relapsing occur with persistent use of the drugs. The purpose of this article was to examine Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations as a framework to assist nurses in understanding and managing patients with substance induced psychosis. The theory involves a therapeutic process that is collaboratively undertaken by both the nurse and the patient towards resolving an identified health problem. The nurse-patient relationship evolves through three phases of orientation, working and termination. The nurse may function as a stranger, leader, teacher, resource person, surrogate and counsellor in helping the patient adopt a healthier behaviour. The nurse-patient relationship allows the patient to freely express their emotions, feelings and thoughts about a given health problem. This enhances understanding of the health problem and guides nurses to helping the patients meet their individual needs. Nursing practice should focus on strengthening interpersonal relationships with patients to improve health outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Experience of Parents with Children with Autism in Mandaue City, Philippines

Journal of medicine, nursing & public health, May 13, 2022

This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experiences of parents raising children wit... more This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experiences of parents raising children with autism and to compare how the experiences of each parent differed from the other. The research aimed to provide insight into how parents with children with autism experienced the pre-diagnostic phase, how they were able to cope up with their activities of daily living and other concerns related to the future of their child. The study provided an understanding of the condition parents with a child with autism are in, and points out their greatest needs, which include the need for information regarding autism and emotional support. Nurses after knowing the challenges parents and the child with autism go through will be more sensitive and therapeutic when rendering care. The support that nurses extended will be more appreciated by parents with a child with autism, especially during their vulnerable times. Finally due to the limited knowledge parents have at the time of diagnosis nurses will be there to educate parents on the nature of the disorder and to answer their concerns. Nurses together with other health care providers should focus on creating therapeutic relationships with parents with a child with autism to open up channels for interaction and sharing of vital information. This way parents will be comfortable to open up their fears and their struggles with ease that will aid in giving relevant interventions. To be able to provide quality care in public schools, the government should work on improving the working condition of teachers by employing more teachers who meet the need of the enrolled students. More classrooms should be opened and more teachers trained to help children with autism. Keywords: Experience of Parents, Children with Autism, Mandaue City, Philippines

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Covid-19 vaccine uptake among the elderly aged 58 years and above in Kericho County, Kenya: Institution based cross sectional survey

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Jan 18, 2023

Background Hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of... more Background Hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of the value of vaccine in preventing disease and saving lives. It is suggested that context-specific strategies can enhance acceptability and decrease hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine. Hence, the study determined uptake and determinants of Covid-19 vaccine following a sustained voluntary vaccination drive by Kenyan government. Method We conducted institution based cross-sectional survey of 1244 elderly persons aged 58 to 98 years in the months of January, February and March, 2022. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate determinants of Covid 19 vaccine uptake. The predictor variables included socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, convenience and ease of access of the vaccine, collective responsibility, complacency and the three dimensions of confidence; trust in safety, trust in decision makers and delivery system. The findings are reported as the adjusted odd ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Significant level was considered at p <0.05.

Research paper thumbnail of Experience of Nursing Students in Mental Health Training in Kenya

International journal of clinical psychiatry and mental health, May 10, 2018

There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the num... more There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the number of psychiatric nurses available. Few students enroll in the psychiatric nursing specialty in Kenya. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of nursing students and their attitudes towards psychiatric nursing. The study was carried out at three universities and five colleges of nursing in Western Kenya among students pursuing bachelor's degree & diploma courses (n=245). Cluster and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. A descriptive cross sectional design was used and data were collected using semistructured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 21. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Two-sided t-test was used to compare the mean of those willing to pursue psychiatric nursing and those not willing. There was a significant relationship between religion and preparation for mental health clinical placement (p=0.03). The Catholics had a higher mean of 2.9 (95% CI = 2.8-3.0) unlike the protestants who had a mean of 2.8 (95% CI = 2.8-2.9). Female participants were significantly knowledgeable about mental illness compared to males (p = 0.03) with a mean of 2.8 (95% CI = 2.7-2.8) versus a mean of 2.7 (95% CI = 2.6-2.8) for the males. A significant relationship between anxiety surrounding mental illness and availability of a psychiatric unit within the training institution was noted (p=0.008). Those who had a psychiatric unit within their training institution had a higher mean of 2.5 (95% CI = 2.4-2.6) compared to that of those in institutions that did not have psychiatric training institutions within the learning institutions with a mean of 2.3 (95% CI = 2.2-2.4). There was a significant relationship between the students' interests in nursing after completion of secondary school and experience during clinical placement (p = 0.05). Those who had higher interest had a higher mean of 2.8, 95% CI=2.7-2.8 compared to their counterparts with a mean of mean 2.4 (95% CI=1.9-2.8). The researchers recommends early exposure of students to psychiatric patients in their training, improvement on mentorship programmes for the students in psychiatry, thorough preparation of students for their clinical placement and provision of more opportunities for further studies in psychiatric nursing. A study to determine the influence of religion on attitudes towards psychiatric nursing is recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Covid-19 vaccine uptake among the elderly aged 58 years and above in Kericho County, Kenya: Institution based cross sectional survey

BackgroundHesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of ... more BackgroundHesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of the value of vaccine in preventing disease and saving lives. It is suggested that context-specific strategies can enhance acceptability and decrease hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine. Hence, the study determined uptake and determinants of Covid-19 vaccine following a sustained voluntary vaccination drive by Kenyan government.MethodWe conducted institution based cross-sectional survey of 1244 elderly persons aged 58 to 98 years in the months of January, February and March, 2022. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate determinants of Covid 19 vaccine uptake. The predictor variables included socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, convenience and ease of access of the vaccine, collective responsibility, complacency and the three dimensions of confidence; trust in safety, trust in decision makers and delivery system. The findings are reported as the adjusted od...

Research paper thumbnail of Experience of Parents with Children with Autism in Mandaue City, Philippines

Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health

This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experiences of parents raising children wit... more This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experiences of parents raising children with autism and to compare how the experiences of each parent differed from the other. The research aimed to provide insight into how parents with children with autism experienced the pre-diagnostic phase, how they were able to cope up with their activities of daily living and other concerns related to the future of their child. The study provided an understanding of the condition parents with a child with autism are in, and points out their greatest needs, which include the need for information regarding autism and emotional support. Nurses after knowing the challenges parents and the child with autism go through will be more sensitive and therapeutic when rendering care. The support that nurses extended will be more appreciated by parents with a child with autism, especially during their vulnerable times. Finally due to the limited knowledge parents have at the time of diagnosis nurses wi...

Research paper thumbnail of The Relationship between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Recruitment, Retention, and Health Improvements in a Worksite Health Promotion Program

American Journal of Health Promotion, 1991

Background. Recruitment, retention, and success in a worksite health promotion program was examin... more Background. Recruitment, retention, and success in a worksite health promotion program was examined among various demographic groups of employees (n = 11,830) of the Dallas, Texas Independent School District. Methods. Enrolled employees (n =3,873) were given a health screen consisting of health habit assessment, measurement of clinical variables, physical fitness testing, and a medical examination. Results. Thirty-three percent of employees were successfully recruited into the program. Recruitment rates were virtually identical for men and women (32 % and 33%, respectively), but varied across ethnic, age, and education groups. Blacks, younger employees, and noncollege graduates were less likely to be recruited. Sixtynine percent of the employees were retained in the program, as defined by participation in the second screen, and women were more likely to be retained than men (71 % versus 64%, respectively). Retention rates throughout the 10-week program were higher for whites and His...

Research paper thumbnail of Experience of Nursing Students in Mental Health Training in Kenya

International Journal of Clinical Psychiatry and Mental Health

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship Between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Attitudes of Nursing Students Toward Psychiatry in Kenya

American Journal of Nursing Science, 2017

There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the num... more There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the number of psychiatric nurses available. Few students enroll in the psychiatric nursing specialty in Kenya. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of nursing students and their attitudes towards psychiatric nursing. The study was carried out at three universities and five colleges of nursing in Western Kenya among students pursuing bachelor's degree & diploma courses (n=245). Cluster and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. A descriptive cross sectional design was used and data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 21. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Two-sided t-test was used to compare the mean of those willing to pursue psychiatric nursing and those not willing. Th...

Research paper thumbnail of Case Management of Substance Induced Psychosis Using Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Substance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other... more Substance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other drugs. The symptoms for this form of psychosis can resolve within days or weeks though tendencies of relapsing occur with persistent use of the drugs. The purpose of this article was to examine Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations as a framework to assist nurses in understanding and managing patients with substance induced psychosis. The theory involves a therapeutic process that is collaboratively undertaken by both the nurse and the patient towards resolving an identified health problem. The nurse-patient relationship evolves through three phases of orientation, working and termination. The nurse may function as a stranger, leader, teacher, resource person, surrogate and counsellor in helping the patient adopt a healthier behaviour. The nurse-patient relationship allows the patient to freely express their emotions, feelings and thoughts about a given health problem. This enhance...

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship Between Nursing Students’ Psychiatric Encounters and the Choice of Psychiatric Nursing Specialty in Kenya

Management of mentally ill patients is mainly done by psychiatric nurses in Kenya. This study sou... more Management of mentally ill patients is mainly done by psychiatric nurses in Kenya. This study sought to identify the association between nursing students’ psychiatric encounters and the perception towards psychiatric nursing in Kenya using a cross-sectional study design. Cluster and systematic random sampling were used to select the study participants. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21. Odds ratio was used to identify the association between variables. A significant association existed between the students who were supported by clinical instructor/mentor and the desire to pursue psychiatric nursing (OR: 2.31; CI: 1.14-4.70; p=0.018). A strong association existed between the preparedness of the nursing staff for the arrival of the students and their wish to pursue psychiatric nursing programme (OR: 0.69; CI: 0.63-0.76; p<0.001). A significant association existed between the nursing staff knowledge about the objectives of the students and the desire of the nursing students to...

Research paper thumbnail of Fetus papyraceous: A case report of Kapkatet Sub-County Hospital, Kenya

Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health