Phuong Pham - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Phuong Pham
Oxford Middle East Review, 2020
Political identity in armed conflict can significantly impact access to basic state services. In ... more Political identity in armed conflict can significantly impact access to basic state services. In Syria, access to higher education has been restricted, denied, or, in some cases, resulted in physical danger for individuals criticizing the regime and for those suspected of disloyalty. Journalists and NGOs have documented how, since 2011, the state conferred opposition identity on healthcare workers providing patient services to injured civilian protestors. Effectively, the provision of medical services has become “militarized.” In 2019, researchers from the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) conducted qualitative interviews with health educators, administrators, and students in northwest Syria and observed a trend of reports documenting restricted access to official medical and nursing programs due to political identity. Facing a shortage of healthcare providers in opposition areas, educators developed alternate teaching institutions for medical and nursing students. These efforts, unrecognized by the state, directly align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education,” even in war-affected settings, with policy implications for the international community.
Biochemistry Usa, Apr 1, 2009
BACE-1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme), a prominent target in Alzheimer&... more BACE-1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme), a prominent target in Alzheimer's disease drug discovery efforts, was surveyed using Tethering technology to discover small molecule fragment ligands that bind to the enzyme active site. Screens of a library of >15000 thiol-containing fragments versus a panel of BACE-1 active site cysteine mutants under redox-controlled conditions revealed several novel amine-containing fragments that could be selectively captured by subsets of the tethering sites. For one such hit class, defined by a central aminobenzylpiperidine (ABP) moiety, X-ray crystal structures of BACE mutant-disulfide conjugates revealed that the fragment bound by engaging both catalytic aspartates with hydrogen bonds. The affinities of ABP fragments were improved by structure-guided chemistry, first for conjugation as thiol-containing fragments and then for stand-alone, noncovalent inhibition of wild-type (WT) BACE-1 activity. Crystallography confirmed that the inhibitors bound in exactly the same mode as the disulfide-conjugated fragments that were originally selected from the screen. The ABP ligands represent a new type of nonpeptidic BACE-1 inhibitor motif that has not been described in the aspartyl protease literature and may serve as a starting point for the development of BACE-1-directed Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.
Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Sep 1, 2008
A series of 2-amino-pyrazolopyridines was designed and synthesized as Polo-like kinase (Plk) inhi... more A series of 2-amino-pyrazolopyridines was designed and synthesized as Polo-like kinase (Plk) inhibitors based on a low micromolar hit. The SAR was developed to provide compounds exhibiting low nanomolar inhibitory activity of Plk1; the phenotype of treated cells is consistent with Plk1 inhibition. A co-crystal structure of one of these compounds with zPlk1 confirms an ATP-competitive binding mode.
Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Nov 1, 2008
Modifications of the isonipecotic acid fragment of SNS-032 results in analogs which are more perm... more Modifications of the isonipecotic acid fragment of SNS-032 results in analogs which are more permeable and lower effluxed than SNS-032. The enantiomerically pure synthesis and the in vivo profile of analog 20 is described.
International Journal of Transitional Justice, Dec 1, 2008
... In 2005, a new constitution was drafted, and presidential and legislative elections were held... more ... In 2005, a new constitution was drafted, and presidential and legislative elections were held a year later. The victory of Joseph Kabila meant that the RCDGoma, which is closely tied to Rwanda, began losing political power in the east and ultimately losing economic interests. ...
University of California Press, Oct 1, 2011
... HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER University of California, Berkeley School of Law PHUONG PHAM PATRICK VINC... more ... HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER University of California, Berkeley School of Law PHUONG PHAM PATRICK VINCK MYCHELLE BALTHAZARD SOKHOM HEAN Page 2. ... THE COURTS OF CAMBODIA PHUONG PHAM PATRICK VINCK MYCHELLE BALTHAZARD SOKHOM HEAN ...
Human Rights Center, Jun 1, 2006
Hurricane Katrina, which landed just east of New Orleans, Louisiana on the morning of August 29, ... more Hurricane Katrina, which landed just east of New Orleans, Louisiana on the morning of August 29, 2005, displaced hundreds of thousands of citizens, caused over 1,800 fatalities, and left much of the city in ruins. In its aftermath,
This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterisation of surface micromachined polysil... more This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterisation of surface micromachined polysilicon microheaters to be used as microigniters for micropropulsion applications. The microigniters are heated up by Joule effect and the thermal losses through the substrate are minimised by suspending the microheaters above the substrate. The developed process was compatible with the integration of the nozzle part of the microthruster. The electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics of the microheaters were studied with the aim of evaluating their reliability. Temperatures up to 470 • C could be reached with an electrical power of 45 mW/beam. The current-voltage relation followed a linear characteristic at low power; at high bias voltages, a drift of the electrical resistance was measured after a few I-V cycles at power higher than 40 mW/beam. The elastic and plastic deformation threshold of the microheaters in operation and their maximum deflection before rupture were measured. The microheaters could dissipate relatively high constant powers for a few minutes to hours. The fabricated microheaters are promising candidates for the ignition of solid propellant microthrusters.
Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, 2007
workers faced, researchers surveyed key informants (legal advocates, health care providers, and o... more workers faced, researchers surveyed key informants (legal advocates, health care providers, and other groups and organizations involved in rebuilding New Orleans) in the community and randomly interviewed documented and undocumented workers throughout the affected areas.
Nature, 2000
The expression of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerases pol V (UmuD' 2C complex) and pol IV (DinB)... more The expression of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerases pol V (UmuD' 2C complex) and pol IV (DinB) increases in response to DNA damage. The induction of pol V is accompanied by a substantial increase in mutations targeted at DNA template lesions in a process called SOS-induced error-prone repair. Here we show that the common DNA template lesions, TT (6-4) photoproducts, TT cis-syn photodimers and abasic sites, are efficiently bypassed within 30 seconds by pol V in the presence of activated RecA protein (RecA*), single-stranded binding protein (SSB) and pol III's processivity beta,gamma-complex. There is no detectable bypass by either pol IV or pol III on this time scale. A mutagenic `signature' for pol V is its incorporation of guanine opposite the 3'-thymine of a TT (6-4) photoproduct, in agreement with mutational spectra. In contrast, pol III and pol IV incorporate adenine almost exclusively. When copying undamaged DNA, pol V exhibits low fidelity with error rates of around 10-3 to 10-4, with pol IV being 5- to 10-fold more accurate. The effects of RecA protein on pol V, and beta,gamma-complex on pol IV, cause a 15,000- and 3,000-fold increase in DNA synthesis efficiency, respectively. However, both polymerases exhibit low processivity, adding 6 to 8 nucleotides before dissociating. Lesion bypass by pol V does not require beta,gamma-complex in the presence of non-hydrolysable ATPgammaS, indicating that an intact RecA filament may be required for translesion synthesis.
Journal of Molecular Biology, May 16, 2003
Human Rights Center, Aug 1, 2007
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Nov 1, 1987
The ability of several glutamate receptor antagonists to reduce hypoxic cortical neuronal injury ... more The ability of several glutamate receptor antagonists to reduce hypoxic cortical neuronal injury was quantitatively examined in cell cultures derived from fetal mice. Cultures exposed to hypoxia for 8 hr showed by the following day widespread neuronal injury, which was substantially attenuated by addition of the specific N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV). The protective effect of APV was concentration dependent (ED50 about 2 microM) and stereospecific (D-APV approximately 100 times more potent that L-APV). Neuron-protective effects were also observed with several other NMDA antagonists: 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate, phencyclidine and (+)-SKF 10,047 [(+)-N-allylnormetazocine]--as well as with the nonspecific glutamate antagonists D-glutamylglycine and kynurenate. In addition, a similar antagonist profile was observed with a chemical model of hypoxic neuronal injury, produced by brief exposure to high concentrations of cyanide. In contrast, 1 mM concentrations of glutamate diethylester and gamma-aminomethyl sulfonate, compounds reported in some studies to preferentially antagonize non-NMDA glutamate receptors, failed to protect neurons against either hypoxia or cyanide. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NMDA receptors are preferentially involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxic cortical neuronal injury and suggest that cortical cell culture may be a useful system in which to quantitatively characterize the pharmacology of that injury.
Trends in Microbiology, 2004
Oxford Middle East Review, 2020
Political identity in armed conflict can significantly impact access to basic state services. In ... more Political identity in armed conflict can significantly impact access to basic state services. In Syria, access to higher education has been restricted, denied, or, in some cases, resulted in physical danger for individuals criticizing the regime and for those suspected of disloyalty. Journalists and NGOs have documented how, since 2011, the state conferred opposition identity on healthcare workers providing patient services to injured civilian protestors. Effectively, the provision of medical services has become “militarized.” In 2019, researchers from the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) conducted qualitative interviews with health educators, administrators, and students in northwest Syria and observed a trend of reports documenting restricted access to official medical and nursing programs due to political identity. Facing a shortage of healthcare providers in opposition areas, educators developed alternate teaching institutions for medical and nursing students. These efforts, unrecognized by the state, directly align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education,” even in war-affected settings, with policy implications for the international community.
Biochemistry Usa, Apr 1, 2009
BACE-1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme), a prominent target in Alzheimer&... more BACE-1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme), a prominent target in Alzheimer's disease drug discovery efforts, was surveyed using Tethering technology to discover small molecule fragment ligands that bind to the enzyme active site. Screens of a library of >15000 thiol-containing fragments versus a panel of BACE-1 active site cysteine mutants under redox-controlled conditions revealed several novel amine-containing fragments that could be selectively captured by subsets of the tethering sites. For one such hit class, defined by a central aminobenzylpiperidine (ABP) moiety, X-ray crystal structures of BACE mutant-disulfide conjugates revealed that the fragment bound by engaging both catalytic aspartates with hydrogen bonds. The affinities of ABP fragments were improved by structure-guided chemistry, first for conjugation as thiol-containing fragments and then for stand-alone, noncovalent inhibition of wild-type (WT) BACE-1 activity. Crystallography confirmed that the inhibitors bound in exactly the same mode as the disulfide-conjugated fragments that were originally selected from the screen. The ABP ligands represent a new type of nonpeptidic BACE-1 inhibitor motif that has not been described in the aspartyl protease literature and may serve as a starting point for the development of BACE-1-directed Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.
Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Sep 1, 2008
A series of 2-amino-pyrazolopyridines was designed and synthesized as Polo-like kinase (Plk) inhi... more A series of 2-amino-pyrazolopyridines was designed and synthesized as Polo-like kinase (Plk) inhibitors based on a low micromolar hit. The SAR was developed to provide compounds exhibiting low nanomolar inhibitory activity of Plk1; the phenotype of treated cells is consistent with Plk1 inhibition. A co-crystal structure of one of these compounds with zPlk1 confirms an ATP-competitive binding mode.
Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Nov 1, 2008
Modifications of the isonipecotic acid fragment of SNS-032 results in analogs which are more perm... more Modifications of the isonipecotic acid fragment of SNS-032 results in analogs which are more permeable and lower effluxed than SNS-032. The enantiomerically pure synthesis and the in vivo profile of analog 20 is described.
International Journal of Transitional Justice, Dec 1, 2008
... In 2005, a new constitution was drafted, and presidential and legislative elections were held... more ... In 2005, a new constitution was drafted, and presidential and legislative elections were held a year later. The victory of Joseph Kabila meant that the RCDGoma, which is closely tied to Rwanda, began losing political power in the east and ultimately losing economic interests. ...
University of California Press, Oct 1, 2011
... HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER University of California, Berkeley School of Law PHUONG PHAM PATRICK VINC... more ... HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER University of California, Berkeley School of Law PHUONG PHAM PATRICK VINCK MYCHELLE BALTHAZARD SOKHOM HEAN Page 2. ... THE COURTS OF CAMBODIA PHUONG PHAM PATRICK VINCK MYCHELLE BALTHAZARD SOKHOM HEAN ...
Human Rights Center, Jun 1, 2006
Hurricane Katrina, which landed just east of New Orleans, Louisiana on the morning of August 29, ... more Hurricane Katrina, which landed just east of New Orleans, Louisiana on the morning of August 29, 2005, displaced hundreds of thousands of citizens, caused over 1,800 fatalities, and left much of the city in ruins. In its aftermath,
This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterisation of surface micromachined polysil... more This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterisation of surface micromachined polysilicon microheaters to be used as microigniters for micropropulsion applications. The microigniters are heated up by Joule effect and the thermal losses through the substrate are minimised by suspending the microheaters above the substrate. The developed process was compatible with the integration of the nozzle part of the microthruster. The electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics of the microheaters were studied with the aim of evaluating their reliability. Temperatures up to 470 • C could be reached with an electrical power of 45 mW/beam. The current-voltage relation followed a linear characteristic at low power; at high bias voltages, a drift of the electrical resistance was measured after a few I-V cycles at power higher than 40 mW/beam. The elastic and plastic deformation threshold of the microheaters in operation and their maximum deflection before rupture were measured. The microheaters could dissipate relatively high constant powers for a few minutes to hours. The fabricated microheaters are promising candidates for the ignition of solid propellant microthrusters.
Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, 2007
workers faced, researchers surveyed key informants (legal advocates, health care providers, and o... more workers faced, researchers surveyed key informants (legal advocates, health care providers, and other groups and organizations involved in rebuilding New Orleans) in the community and randomly interviewed documented and undocumented workers throughout the affected areas.
Nature, 2000
The expression of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerases pol V (UmuD' 2C complex) and pol IV (DinB)... more The expression of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerases pol V (UmuD' 2C complex) and pol IV (DinB) increases in response to DNA damage. The induction of pol V is accompanied by a substantial increase in mutations targeted at DNA template lesions in a process called SOS-induced error-prone repair. Here we show that the common DNA template lesions, TT (6-4) photoproducts, TT cis-syn photodimers and abasic sites, are efficiently bypassed within 30 seconds by pol V in the presence of activated RecA protein (RecA*), single-stranded binding protein (SSB) and pol III's processivity beta,gamma-complex. There is no detectable bypass by either pol IV or pol III on this time scale. A mutagenic `signature' for pol V is its incorporation of guanine opposite the 3'-thymine of a TT (6-4) photoproduct, in agreement with mutational spectra. In contrast, pol III and pol IV incorporate adenine almost exclusively. When copying undamaged DNA, pol V exhibits low fidelity with error rates of around 10-3 to 10-4, with pol IV being 5- to 10-fold more accurate. The effects of RecA protein on pol V, and beta,gamma-complex on pol IV, cause a 15,000- and 3,000-fold increase in DNA synthesis efficiency, respectively. However, both polymerases exhibit low processivity, adding 6 to 8 nucleotides before dissociating. Lesion bypass by pol V does not require beta,gamma-complex in the presence of non-hydrolysable ATPgammaS, indicating that an intact RecA filament may be required for translesion synthesis.
Journal of Molecular Biology, May 16, 2003
Human Rights Center, Aug 1, 2007
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Nov 1, 1987
The ability of several glutamate receptor antagonists to reduce hypoxic cortical neuronal injury ... more The ability of several glutamate receptor antagonists to reduce hypoxic cortical neuronal injury was quantitatively examined in cell cultures derived from fetal mice. Cultures exposed to hypoxia for 8 hr showed by the following day widespread neuronal injury, which was substantially attenuated by addition of the specific N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV). The protective effect of APV was concentration dependent (ED50 about 2 microM) and stereospecific (D-APV approximately 100 times more potent that L-APV). Neuron-protective effects were also observed with several other NMDA antagonists: 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate, phencyclidine and (+)-SKF 10,047 [(+)-N-allylnormetazocine]--as well as with the nonspecific glutamate antagonists D-glutamylglycine and kynurenate. In addition, a similar antagonist profile was observed with a chemical model of hypoxic neuronal injury, produced by brief exposure to high concentrations of cyanide. In contrast, 1 mM concentrations of glutamate diethylester and gamma-aminomethyl sulfonate, compounds reported in some studies to preferentially antagonize non-NMDA glutamate receptors, failed to protect neurons against either hypoxia or cyanide. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NMDA receptors are preferentially involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxic cortical neuronal injury and suggest that cortical cell culture may be a useful system in which to quantitatively characterize the pharmacology of that injury.
Trends in Microbiology, 2004