Piyawadee Wuttikonsammakit - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Piyawadee Wuttikonsammakit

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Dengue Infection on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Thai Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, Feb 1, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Vaginal and Oral Progesterone After Tocolytic Therapy in Threatened Preterm Labor: A 3-Arm Parallel- Group Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 2021

Background: Progesterone has established roles in preventing preterm labor in women with history ... more Background: Progesterone has established roles in preventing preterm labor in women with history of spontaneous preterm labor and short cervix, but there is little evidence to support its use to prevent preterm delivery in women with threatened preterm labor. Objective: To evaluate clinical efficacy of oral and vaginal progesterone on prevention of preterm delivery before 34 and 37 weeks in threatened preterm labor. Materials and Methods: The present study was a 3-arm randomized control trial, 231 singleton pregnancies of 28- to 33-weeks-6-days who had threatened preterm labor were recruited and randomized to three groups,1) 200 mg/day vaginal micronized progesterone, 2) 30 mg/day oral dydrogesterone and 3) control group with no progesterone. All groups received identical standard treatment for threatened preterm labor. Comparison of primary outcomes, which is the preterm delivery before 34 and 37 weeks, across groups were performed using chi-square test. Secondary outcomes, which a...

Research paper thumbnail of Are the cardiac dimensions spared in growth-restricted fetuses resulting from uteroplacental insufficiency?

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), sp... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), specifically from uteroplacental insufficiency, on fetal cardiac dimensions. Cardiac circumference (CC) and cardiac area (CA) were measured in four-chamber view in 143 normal fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation. A study group comprised a homogeneous group of 49 IUGR fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery impedance. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare the cardiac dimensions between normal and IUGR fetuses and to determine if there were differences in cardiac measurements between those with normal and with abnormal ductus venosus Doppler. Fetal cardiac dimensions did not differ significantly between normal and IUGR fetuses. In IUGR fetuses, cardiac dimensions were not statistically different between those with normal and abnormal ductus venosus Doppler. Cardiac dimensions are spared and may be used for gestational age estimation in growth-restricted fetuses resulting from uteroplacental insufficiency.

Research paper thumbnail of Monochorionic twins with the same blood karyotype of 46,XY/47,XYY but different phenotypes

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2010

We report the case of a 13-year-old woman who was pregnant with phenotypically discordant monocho... more We report the case of a 13-year-old woman who was pregnant with phenotypically discordant monochorionic twins: one with cystic hygroma and hydrops, the other one normal. Fetal blood sampling was performed by intrahepatic blood collection for karyotyping of both fetuses, revealing the same genotype of 46,XY/47,XYY in 2:1 proportion. Phenotypic discordance in monozygotic twins can have various causes, such as placental vascular anatomy, differences in allocation of the number of blastomeres or genetic postzygotic events.

Research paper thumbnail of Causes and consequences of 93 fetuses with cardiomegaly in a tertiary center in Thailand

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2010

Objectives To assess etiology, perinatal mortality and associated factors of fetal cardiomegaly (... more Objectives To assess etiology, perinatal mortality and associated factors of fetal cardiomegaly (FC). Methods A retrospective study of fetuses with cardiomegaly was conducted. Demographic data, ultrasonographic findings, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Ninety-three fetuses were analyzed. The causes of FC were cardiac causes 49.5%, Bart's hemoglobinopathies 28%, and non-Bart's anemia 15%. Ascites, pericardial effusion, and hydrops were more prevalent in fetuses with anemia than those with cardiac abnormalities. The overall perinatal mortality was 69.9%. Although all Bart's hydrops died, perinatal mortality of non-Bart's anemia, and structural cardiac defect were 57.1 and 69.7%, respectively. Excluding Bart's anemia, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that cardiothoracic ratio of C0.58 best predictive for perinatal mortality. Earlier gestational age at diagnosis, skin edema, and chromosomal abnormality were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions Majority causes of FC were cardiac and anemic in origin. It carried high-perinatal mortality depending on the causes.

Research paper thumbnail of Association Between Intrapartum Cardiotocogram and Early Neonatal Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2017

Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has widely been used to monitor mothers in labor wh... more Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has widely been used to monitor mothers in labor who are at risk in clinical practice. There is little evidence to describe the association between EFM categories based on the newly proposed National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2008 criteria and neonatal outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Wang Nam Yen herbal tea on human milk production: A randomized controlled trial

Background Insufficient milk production is a common problem affecting breastfeeding women, in par... more Background Insufficient milk production is a common problem affecting breastfeeding women, in particular following Cesarean delivery. Wang Nam Yen herbal tea is a promising traditional Thai medicine used by postpartum women to stimulate milk production, as an alternative to pharmaceutical galactagogues. We aimed to compare the efficacy of Wang Nam Yen herbal tea, domperidone, and placebo, in increasing milk production in mothers who underwent Cesarean delivery. Methods Women who underwent uncomplicated cesarean delivery at Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital were randomized into three groups. The participants received the treatments daily for three consecutive days. The primary outcome was breast milk volume at 72 hours after delivery. Secondary outcomes were pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, adverse events, and participant satisfaction. Results Of the 1,450 pregnant women that underwent cesarean delivery, 120 women were enrolled. Their mean age and gestational ages were 28.7 years and 38.4 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Pregnancy outcomes of multiple repeated cesarean sections in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2006

OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women w... more OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with history of at least one previous cesarean section and to compare the pregnancy outcome of the women with the history of one previous cesarean section to the women with the history of two or more previous cesarean section. MATERIAL AND METHOD We performed a retrospective study of 458 patients undergoing repeated cesarean section from 1998 to 2005. Various factors that may be associated with repeated cesarean sections and pregnancy outcomes were assessed and analyzed. RESULTS Maternal morbidity rate was 18.6%, including operative complications (17.5%) and post operative complications (1.7%). The operative complications included intraperitoneal adhesion 45 cases (9.8%), excessive blood loss (> 1000 ml) 29 cases (6.3%), placenta previa 5 cases (1.1%), placenta adherens 6 cases (1.3%) and requirement of blood transfusion 10 cases (2.2%). Postoperative complications included postpartum ...

Research paper thumbnail of Association Between Intrapartum Cardiotocogram and Early Neonatal Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand

Background Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has widely been used to monitor mothers ... more Background Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has widely been used to monitor mothers in labor who are at risk in clinical practice. There is little evidence to describe the association between EFM categories based on the newly proposed National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2008 criteria and neonatal outcomes. Objective To investigate the association between intrapartum cardiotocogram categories based on the NICHD 2008 and early neonatal outcomes Material and Method Intrapartum EFM tracings of 120 singleton pregnant women of equal or more than week gestation were evaluated according to NICHD 2008 guidelines. Neonatal outcomes included Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, umbilical cord blood pH, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. The association between EFM and neonatal outcomes was analyzed using logistic regression. Results Among the 120 mothers, 83 (69.2%) had EFM tracings classified as Category I and 37 (30.8%) as Category II. Co...

Research paper thumbnail of Pregnancy outcomes of multiple repeated cesarean sections in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2006

To determine the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with history... more To determine the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with history of at least one previous cesarean section and to compare the pregnancy outcome of the women with the history of one previous cesarean section to the women with the history of two or more previous cesarean section. We performed a retrospective study of 458 patients undergoing repeated cesarean section from 1998 to 2005. Various factors that may be associated with repeated cesarean sections and pregnancy outcomes were assessed and analyzed. Maternal morbidity rate was 18.6%, including operative complications (17.5%) and post operative complications (1.7%). The operative complications included intraperitoneal adhesion 45 cases (9.8%), excessive blood loss (> 1000 ml) 29 cases (6.3%), placenta previa 5 cases (1.1%), placenta adherens 6 cases (1.3%) and requirement of blood transfusion 10 cases (2.2%). Postoperative complications included postpartum hemorrhage 4 cases (0.9%). No maternal ...

Research paper thumbnail of Are the cardiac dimensions spared in growth-restricted fetuses resulting from uteroplacental insufficiency?

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), sp... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), specifically from uteroplacental insufficiency, on fetal cardiac dimensions. Material and Methods: Cardiac circumference (CC) and cardiac area (CA) were measured in four-chamber view in 143 normal fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation. A study group comprised a homogeneous group of 49 IUGR fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery impedance. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare the cardiac dimensions between normal and IUGR fetuses and to determine if there were differences in cardiac measurements between those with normal and with abnormal ductus venosus Doppler. Results: Fetal cardiac dimensions did not differ significantly between normal and IUGR fetuses. In IUGR fetuses, cardiac dimensions were not statistically different between those with normal and abnormal ductus venosus Doppler. Conclusion: Cardiac dimensions are spared and may be used for gestational age estimation in growthrestricted fetuses resulting from uteroplacental insufficiency.

Research paper thumbnail of Monochorionic twins with the same blood karyotype of 46,XY/47,XYY but different phenotypes

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2010

We report the case of a 13-year-old woman who was pregnant with phenotypically discordant monocho... more We report the case of a 13-year-old woman who was pregnant with phenotypically discordant monochorionic twins: one with cystic hygroma and hydrops, the other one normal. Fetal blood sampling was performed by intrahepatic blood collection for karyotyping of both fetuses, revealing the same genotype of 46,XY/47,XYY in 2:1 proportion. Phenotypic discordance in monozygotic twins can have various causes, such as placental vascular anatomy, differences in allocation of the number of blastomeres or genetic postzygotic events.

Research paper thumbnail of Causes and consequences of 93 fetuses with cardiomegaly in a tertiary center in Thailand

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2011

Objectives To assess etiology, perinatal mortality and associated factors of fetal cardiomegaly (... more Objectives To assess etiology, perinatal mortality and associated factors of fetal cardiomegaly (FC). Methods A retrospective study of fetuses with cardiomegaly was conducted. Demographic data, ultrasonographic findings, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Ninety-three fetuses were analyzed. The causes of FC were cardiac causes 49.5%, Bart's hemoglobinopathies 28%, and non-Bart's anemia 15%. Ascites, pericardial effusion, and hydrops were more prevalent in fetuses with anemia than those with cardiac abnormalities. The overall perinatal mortality was 69.9%. Although all Bart's hydrops died, perinatal mortality of non-Bart's anemia, and structural cardiac defect were 57.1 and 69.7%, respectively. Excluding Bart's anemia, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that cardiothoracic ratio of C0.58 best predictive for perinatal mortality. Earlier gestational age at diagnosis, skin edema, and chromosomal abnormality were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions Majority causes of FC were cardiac and anemic in origin. It carried high-perinatal mortality depending on the causes.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Dengue Infection on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Thai Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, Feb 1, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Vaginal and Oral Progesterone After Tocolytic Therapy in Threatened Preterm Labor: A 3-Arm Parallel- Group Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 2021

Background: Progesterone has established roles in preventing preterm labor in women with history ... more Background: Progesterone has established roles in preventing preterm labor in women with history of spontaneous preterm labor and short cervix, but there is little evidence to support its use to prevent preterm delivery in women with threatened preterm labor. Objective: To evaluate clinical efficacy of oral and vaginal progesterone on prevention of preterm delivery before 34 and 37 weeks in threatened preterm labor. Materials and Methods: The present study was a 3-arm randomized control trial, 231 singleton pregnancies of 28- to 33-weeks-6-days who had threatened preterm labor were recruited and randomized to three groups,1) 200 mg/day vaginal micronized progesterone, 2) 30 mg/day oral dydrogesterone and 3) control group with no progesterone. All groups received identical standard treatment for threatened preterm labor. Comparison of primary outcomes, which is the preterm delivery before 34 and 37 weeks, across groups were performed using chi-square test. Secondary outcomes, which a...

Research paper thumbnail of Are the cardiac dimensions spared in growth-restricted fetuses resulting from uteroplacental insufficiency?

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), sp... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), specifically from uteroplacental insufficiency, on fetal cardiac dimensions. Cardiac circumference (CC) and cardiac area (CA) were measured in four-chamber view in 143 normal fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation. A study group comprised a homogeneous group of 49 IUGR fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery impedance. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare the cardiac dimensions between normal and IUGR fetuses and to determine if there were differences in cardiac measurements between those with normal and with abnormal ductus venosus Doppler. Fetal cardiac dimensions did not differ significantly between normal and IUGR fetuses. In IUGR fetuses, cardiac dimensions were not statistically different between those with normal and abnormal ductus venosus Doppler. Cardiac dimensions are spared and may be used for gestational age estimation in growth-restricted fetuses resulting from uteroplacental insufficiency.

Research paper thumbnail of Monochorionic twins with the same blood karyotype of 46,XY/47,XYY but different phenotypes

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2010

We report the case of a 13-year-old woman who was pregnant with phenotypically discordant monocho... more We report the case of a 13-year-old woman who was pregnant with phenotypically discordant monochorionic twins: one with cystic hygroma and hydrops, the other one normal. Fetal blood sampling was performed by intrahepatic blood collection for karyotyping of both fetuses, revealing the same genotype of 46,XY/47,XYY in 2:1 proportion. Phenotypic discordance in monozygotic twins can have various causes, such as placental vascular anatomy, differences in allocation of the number of blastomeres or genetic postzygotic events.

Research paper thumbnail of Causes and consequences of 93 fetuses with cardiomegaly in a tertiary center in Thailand

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2010

Objectives To assess etiology, perinatal mortality and associated factors of fetal cardiomegaly (... more Objectives To assess etiology, perinatal mortality and associated factors of fetal cardiomegaly (FC). Methods A retrospective study of fetuses with cardiomegaly was conducted. Demographic data, ultrasonographic findings, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Ninety-three fetuses were analyzed. The causes of FC were cardiac causes 49.5%, Bart's hemoglobinopathies 28%, and non-Bart's anemia 15%. Ascites, pericardial effusion, and hydrops were more prevalent in fetuses with anemia than those with cardiac abnormalities. The overall perinatal mortality was 69.9%. Although all Bart's hydrops died, perinatal mortality of non-Bart's anemia, and structural cardiac defect were 57.1 and 69.7%, respectively. Excluding Bart's anemia, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that cardiothoracic ratio of C0.58 best predictive for perinatal mortality. Earlier gestational age at diagnosis, skin edema, and chromosomal abnormality were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions Majority causes of FC were cardiac and anemic in origin. It carried high-perinatal mortality depending on the causes.

Research paper thumbnail of Association Between Intrapartum Cardiotocogram and Early Neonatal Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2017

Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has widely been used to monitor mothers in labor wh... more Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has widely been used to monitor mothers in labor who are at risk in clinical practice. There is little evidence to describe the association between EFM categories based on the newly proposed National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2008 criteria and neonatal outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Wang Nam Yen herbal tea on human milk production: A randomized controlled trial

Background Insufficient milk production is a common problem affecting breastfeeding women, in par... more Background Insufficient milk production is a common problem affecting breastfeeding women, in particular following Cesarean delivery. Wang Nam Yen herbal tea is a promising traditional Thai medicine used by postpartum women to stimulate milk production, as an alternative to pharmaceutical galactagogues. We aimed to compare the efficacy of Wang Nam Yen herbal tea, domperidone, and placebo, in increasing milk production in mothers who underwent Cesarean delivery. Methods Women who underwent uncomplicated cesarean delivery at Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital were randomized into three groups. The participants received the treatments daily for three consecutive days. The primary outcome was breast milk volume at 72 hours after delivery. Secondary outcomes were pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, adverse events, and participant satisfaction. Results Of the 1,450 pregnant women that underwent cesarean delivery, 120 women were enrolled. Their mean age and gestational ages were 28.7 years and 38.4 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Pregnancy outcomes of multiple repeated cesarean sections in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2006

OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women w... more OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with history of at least one previous cesarean section and to compare the pregnancy outcome of the women with the history of one previous cesarean section to the women with the history of two or more previous cesarean section. MATERIAL AND METHOD We performed a retrospective study of 458 patients undergoing repeated cesarean section from 1998 to 2005. Various factors that may be associated with repeated cesarean sections and pregnancy outcomes were assessed and analyzed. RESULTS Maternal morbidity rate was 18.6%, including operative complications (17.5%) and post operative complications (1.7%). The operative complications included intraperitoneal adhesion 45 cases (9.8%), excessive blood loss (> 1000 ml) 29 cases (6.3%), placenta previa 5 cases (1.1%), placenta adherens 6 cases (1.3%) and requirement of blood transfusion 10 cases (2.2%). Postoperative complications included postpartum ...

Research paper thumbnail of Association Between Intrapartum Cardiotocogram and Early Neonatal Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand

Background Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has widely been used to monitor mothers ... more Background Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has widely been used to monitor mothers in labor who are at risk in clinical practice. There is little evidence to describe the association between EFM categories based on the newly proposed National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2008 criteria and neonatal outcomes. Objective To investigate the association between intrapartum cardiotocogram categories based on the NICHD 2008 and early neonatal outcomes Material and Method Intrapartum EFM tracings of 120 singleton pregnant women of equal or more than week gestation were evaluated according to NICHD 2008 guidelines. Neonatal outcomes included Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, umbilical cord blood pH, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. The association between EFM and neonatal outcomes was analyzed using logistic regression. Results Among the 120 mothers, 83 (69.2%) had EFM tracings classified as Category I and 37 (30.8%) as Category II. Co...

Research paper thumbnail of Pregnancy outcomes of multiple repeated cesarean sections in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2006

To determine the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with history... more To determine the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with history of at least one previous cesarean section and to compare the pregnancy outcome of the women with the history of one previous cesarean section to the women with the history of two or more previous cesarean section. We performed a retrospective study of 458 patients undergoing repeated cesarean section from 1998 to 2005. Various factors that may be associated with repeated cesarean sections and pregnancy outcomes were assessed and analyzed. Maternal morbidity rate was 18.6%, including operative complications (17.5%) and post operative complications (1.7%). The operative complications included intraperitoneal adhesion 45 cases (9.8%), excessive blood loss (> 1000 ml) 29 cases (6.3%), placenta previa 5 cases (1.1%), placenta adherens 6 cases (1.3%) and requirement of blood transfusion 10 cases (2.2%). Postoperative complications included postpartum hemorrhage 4 cases (0.9%). No maternal ...

Research paper thumbnail of Are the cardiac dimensions spared in growth-restricted fetuses resulting from uteroplacental insufficiency?

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), sp... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), specifically from uteroplacental insufficiency, on fetal cardiac dimensions. Material and Methods: Cardiac circumference (CC) and cardiac area (CA) were measured in four-chamber view in 143 normal fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation. A study group comprised a homogeneous group of 49 IUGR fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery impedance. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare the cardiac dimensions between normal and IUGR fetuses and to determine if there were differences in cardiac measurements between those with normal and with abnormal ductus venosus Doppler. Results: Fetal cardiac dimensions did not differ significantly between normal and IUGR fetuses. In IUGR fetuses, cardiac dimensions were not statistically different between those with normal and abnormal ductus venosus Doppler. Conclusion: Cardiac dimensions are spared and may be used for gestational age estimation in growthrestricted fetuses resulting from uteroplacental insufficiency.

Research paper thumbnail of Monochorionic twins with the same blood karyotype of 46,XY/47,XYY but different phenotypes

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2010

We report the case of a 13-year-old woman who was pregnant with phenotypically discordant monocho... more We report the case of a 13-year-old woman who was pregnant with phenotypically discordant monochorionic twins: one with cystic hygroma and hydrops, the other one normal. Fetal blood sampling was performed by intrahepatic blood collection for karyotyping of both fetuses, revealing the same genotype of 46,XY/47,XYY in 2:1 proportion. Phenotypic discordance in monozygotic twins can have various causes, such as placental vascular anatomy, differences in allocation of the number of blastomeres or genetic postzygotic events.

Research paper thumbnail of Causes and consequences of 93 fetuses with cardiomegaly in a tertiary center in Thailand

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2011

Objectives To assess etiology, perinatal mortality and associated factors of fetal cardiomegaly (... more Objectives To assess etiology, perinatal mortality and associated factors of fetal cardiomegaly (FC). Methods A retrospective study of fetuses with cardiomegaly was conducted. Demographic data, ultrasonographic findings, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Ninety-three fetuses were analyzed. The causes of FC were cardiac causes 49.5%, Bart's hemoglobinopathies 28%, and non-Bart's anemia 15%. Ascites, pericardial effusion, and hydrops were more prevalent in fetuses with anemia than those with cardiac abnormalities. The overall perinatal mortality was 69.9%. Although all Bart's hydrops died, perinatal mortality of non-Bart's anemia, and structural cardiac defect were 57.1 and 69.7%, respectively. Excluding Bart's anemia, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that cardiothoracic ratio of C0.58 best predictive for perinatal mortality. Earlier gestational age at diagnosis, skin edema, and chromosomal abnormality were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions Majority causes of FC were cardiac and anemic in origin. It carried high-perinatal mortality depending on the causes.