Plamen Kirilov - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Plamen Kirilov

Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, 2014

The aim of this study was to elaborate a stable dispersion of organogel nanoparticles in water. O... more The aim of this study was to elaborate a stable dispersion of organogel nanoparticles in water. Organogels are soft materials, which result from the immobilization of an organic liquid in a three-dimensional network by a gelator. The organogels in this study were obtained from an organic oil and a low molecular-mass organic gelator (LMOG). These organic gelators have several advantages over polymer gelators because of their greater flexibility of use and their gelling capacity even in very small quantities. LMOG based organogels are usually prepared by dissolving the gelator in an oil at high temperature and then cooling the solution below its characteristic sol-gel transition temperature (Tgel). Tgel is empirically defined as the temperature below which flow is not discernible. It depends on the concentration of the gelator, the properties of the oil (polarity, viscosity, etc.) and, in some cases, the conditions of cooling. As the LMOG, we chose 12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA), an eff...

Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, 2014

Nowadays, several therapeutic, cosmetic and dermo-cosmetic studies consider gelling agents to pro... more Nowadays, several therapeutic, cosmetic and dermo-cosmetic studies consider gelling agents to produce innovative face and body care formulations. Organogels are an interesting perspective because they possess the ability to confer hardness due to their fibrous structure, and to allow new organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the final product. These formulations are semi-solid systems, in which an organic liquid phase of cosmetic or dermo-cosmetic interest (soybean, almond, emollients, …) is immobilized by a three dimensional network composed of self-assembled, intertwined gelator fibers. The most commonly employed oganogelators in cosmetics are polymers, but these are not the only gelling agents used. Indeed, smaller molecules, Low Molecular-Mass Organic Gelators Organogelators (LMOGs), may also present similar properties towards organic liquids. LMOGs are frequently used in cosmetology for their desirable physical organization properties within the oil phase or their capa...

The present invention relates to organogel nanospheres comprising a low molecular weight organoge... more The present invention relates to organogel nanospheres comprising a low molecular weight organogelling agent capable of gelling a cosmetic or pharmaceutical active ingredient, lipophilic or amphiphilic, nonvolatile and liquid at room temperature. The low molecular weight organogelling agent is in particular The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of organogel nanospheres comprising in particular a step of emulsification or hot microemulsification of an organogel, followed by cooling at room temperature. The invention also relates to the nanospheres and aqueous dispersions of nanospheres obtained by the process according to the invention, and the cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

In this review, we survey sustainable approaches, which are encountered in the development of “gr... more In this review, we survey sustainable approaches, which are encountered in the development of “green” organogelators. These molecules, Low Molecular Weight Organogelators (LMOG), are of increasing interest as precursors of solid-like supra-molecular materials. Nowadays, the development of organogelators is moving towards the rational design of smarter molecules with more functionality. Some of these have been exploited in environmental applications like water purification. Biodegradability and biocompatibility of green gelators have found interest as drug delivery systems like in-situ forming implants. These molecules have often been synthetized from renewable raw materials, using sometimes efficient solvent-free approaches. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of synthetic work about organogelators development in the field of the green chemistry. In that sense, we first tried to document the challenging design of green organogelators starting with natural readily available...

Lipid-Based Nanostructures for Food Encapsulation Purposes

Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2006

The synthesis of a number of new 2,2′-bipyridine ligands functionalized with bulky amino side gro... more The synthesis of a number of new 2,2′-bipyridine ligands functionalized with bulky amino side groups is reported. Three homoleptic polypyridyl ruthenium (II) complexes, [Ru(L)3]2+ 2(PF6−), where L is 4,4′-dioctylaminomethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Ru4a), 4,4′-didodecylaminomethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Ru4b) and 4,4′-dioctadodecylaminomethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Ru4c), have been synthesized. These compounds were characterized and their photophysical properties examined. The electronic spectra of three complexes show pyridyl π π* transitions in the UV region and metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands in the visible region. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method using diode array detection for ... more A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method using diode array detection for determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in snake’s plasma was developed. Several snakes were treated transdermally with a single dose of enrofloxacin emulsions corresponding to an antibiotic dose of 5 mg/kg. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were analyzed using a core-shell silica particle stationary phase (Kinetex® RP–C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, particle size 5 μm) and 0.002 M phosphoric acid/acetonitrile (83:17, v/v) as mobile phase. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 2–100 μM and 3–100 µM. The intra-day and inter-day coefficient of variations were below or equal to 10% for both compounds. Limits of quantification for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 2 μM and 3 μM respectively. Sample treatment procedure consisted of deproteinization with perchloric acid. The described HPLC method using core-shell silica particles results in better resolution, higher sensitiv...

The stability of urea solutions (20 % N) in presence of mineral acids (HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4) and th... more The stability of urea solutions (20 % N) in presence of mineral acids (HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4) and their ammonium salts (NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4H2PO4) is studied in the course of 150 days storage at 298.15 K. The study is carried out by periodical measurement of the electric conductivity and pH values of the solutions.

With the increase in occupation-specific risks of lip cancer associated with solar radiation, the... more With the increase in occupation-specific risks of lip cancer associated with solar radiation, there is a need for developing photoprotective lipsticks to protect skin against harmful effects of UV radiation. Considering the unique chemical and physical properties of low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs), the present study intended to assess the UV protective properties of LMOGs-based lipstick formulations. In this study, dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) were used to formulate lipsticks : L1 (1% DBS), L2 (10% 12-HSA), L3 (1.5% DBS) and L4 (control, no LMOGs). The lipstick formulations were tested for in vitro sun protection factors (SPF), UVA protection factor (UVA-PF), thermal, mechanical and texture analyses. Lipsticks with LMOGs exhibited higher UVA-PF and SPF, and more particularly 12-HSA-based lipstick. Results showed also the viscoelastic and heat-resistant properties of LMOGs and their effect of increasing pay-off values. In general, tex...

Gels

1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) are well-known as low-... more 1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) are well-known as low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) capable of gelling an organic liquid phase. Considering their unique chemical and physical properties, we assessed their potential effects in new lipstick formulations by discrimination testing; in vitro measurements of the sun protection factor (SPF); and thermal, mechanical and texture analyzes. DBS and 12-HSA were used to formulate four types of lipsticks: L1 (1% DBS), L2 (10% 12-HSA), L3 (1.5% DBS) and L4 (control, no LMOGs). The lipsticks were tested for sensory perception with an untrained panel of 16 consumers. LMOG formulations exhibited higher UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) and in vitro SPF, particularly in the 12-HSA-based lipstick. Regarding thermal properties, the 12-HSA-based lipstick and those without LMOGs were more heat-amenable compared to thermoresistant DBS-based lipsticks. The results also showed the viscoelastic and thermally r...

Materials Science and Engineering: C

Journal of Solution Chemistry

Degradation of urea in 8 mol·L−1 aqueous solution (20% w/w N) has been studied at 298.15 ± 0.01 K... more Degradation of urea in 8 mol·L−1 aqueous solution (20% w/w N) has been studied at 298.15 ± 0.01 K over a time period of 150 days. The data were obtained by periodicaly measuring the electric conductivity, acidity, and concentrations of the main species of the solution, such as cyanate, ammonim carbonate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate. The concentration of un-ionized ammonia was calculated on the basis of the data for the total ammonia content in the solution.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, Jan 10, 2018

ABSTRACT Organogels are semi‐solid systems with an organic liquid phase immobilized by a three‐di... more ABSTRACT Organogels are semi‐solid systems with an organic liquid phase immobilized by a three‐dimensional network composed of self‐assembled, crosslinked or entangled gelator fibers. Organogel applications are various, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnologies and food technology. In pharmacology, they are used as drug and vaccine delivery platforms for active ingredients via diverse routes such as transdermal, oral and parenteral. In a close past, their uses as drug delivery systems have been unfortunately hampered by the toxicity of the selected organic solvents. More recently, the synthesis of more biocompatible organogels has strengthened the development of several biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This review provides a global view of organogels, such as nature, syntheses, characterizations and properties. An emphasis is placed on the most recent technologies used in the design of organogels as potential controlled delivery systems. A particular attention is provided to their newest therapeutic applications. Graphical abstract Owing their gel‐sol transition, organogels issued from organogelators organized in biocompatible organic solvents present various drug release profiles. Adapted to broad applications, they are versatile controlled released systems. Figure. No caption available.

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

Abstract Current treatment options for snake infections are straightforward for experienced veter... more Abstract Current treatment options for snake infections are straightforward for experienced veterinarians, but are less so for non-veterinarian snake owners. In this study, we analysed the in-vitro permeation of an antibiotic, enrofloxacin, administered percutaneously to the shed skin of a snake ( Python molurus bivittatus ) using a Franz cell. The test formulation was based on the incorporation of enrofloxacin (5 wt %) into a commercial vehicle, Pentravan ® cream. This cream is a hydrophilic emulsion that uses liposomal technology to promote transdermal drug delivery. Two different parts of the shed skin were tested; the first part was close to the head and the second part was just before the cloaca. The amount of enrofloxacin absorbed through the skin was assayed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results seemed to indicate that delivery of enrofloxacin was greater across the skin sampled close to the head than across the skin sampled close to the cloaca. This is due to the lower scale: hinge ratio associated with skin from close to the head. This study confirmed that enrofloxacin can be absorbed through the shed skin of snakes and investigated the percutaneous route as a new option of administering drugs when treating snakes.

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Abstract In this study, the blood concentrations of enrofloxacin administered transdermally to 3 ... more Abstract In this study, the blood concentrations of enrofloxacin administered transdermally to 3 different reptilian species, Python regius, Acrantophis dumerili, and Boa constrictor imperator, at 50 mg/kg was determined. The formulation used was a transdermal commercial vehicle, Pentravan cream, a hydrophilic base emulsion that uses the liposomal technique to penetrate the skin. The enrofloxacin was incorporated at 5 wt% in the Pentravan cream, and the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the detected amounts of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (0.33 and <0.15 &mgr;g/mL, respectively) were below the limit of quantification. Enrofloxacin was detected in P. regius and B. constrictor, while ciprofloxacin was detected only in A. dumerili. Although the values were unquantifiable, this study confirms the absorption of enrofloxacin. Therefore, these findings suggests that enrofloxacin may be a candidate for treatment using the transdermal route in certain reptile species.

Gels

The interest in using colloidal dispersions of gelled lipid nanoparticles (GLN) for different fie... more The interest in using colloidal dispersions of gelled lipid nanoparticles (GLN) for different fields of application has increased in recent years, notably in cosmetic, dermatology, and/or pharmaceutics due to their capacity to immobilize compounds with poor water solubility. The pharmaceutical field desires to achieve lipophilic drug formulations which are able to conserve their stability, although it is well-known that emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) present a lack of stability over time, leading to system destabilization. Furthermore, stable colloidal dispersions of gelled oil particles do not affect the properties of the molecule to be delivered, and they result as an alternative for the previously appointed systems. This review is an attempt to present the reader with an overview of colloidal dispersions of GLN, their concept, formulation methods, as well as the techniques used for their characterization. Moreover, various application fields of organogel dispersion...

Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, 2014

The aim of this study was to elaborate a stable dispersion of organogel nanoparticles in water. O... more The aim of this study was to elaborate a stable dispersion of organogel nanoparticles in water. Organogels are soft materials, which result from the immobilization of an organic liquid in a three-dimensional network by a gelator. The organogels in this study were obtained from an organic oil and a low molecular-mass organic gelator (LMOG). These organic gelators have several advantages over polymer gelators because of their greater flexibility of use and their gelling capacity even in very small quantities. LMOG based organogels are usually prepared by dissolving the gelator in an oil at high temperature and then cooling the solution below its characteristic sol-gel transition temperature (Tgel). Tgel is empirically defined as the temperature below which flow is not discernible. It depends on the concentration of the gelator, the properties of the oil (polarity, viscosity, etc.) and, in some cases, the conditions of cooling. As the LMOG, we chose 12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA), an eff...

Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, 2014

Nowadays, several therapeutic, cosmetic and dermo-cosmetic studies consider gelling agents to pro... more Nowadays, several therapeutic, cosmetic and dermo-cosmetic studies consider gelling agents to produce innovative face and body care formulations. Organogels are an interesting perspective because they possess the ability to confer hardness due to their fibrous structure, and to allow new organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the final product. These formulations are semi-solid systems, in which an organic liquid phase of cosmetic or dermo-cosmetic interest (soybean, almond, emollients, …) is immobilized by a three dimensional network composed of self-assembled, intertwined gelator fibers. The most commonly employed oganogelators in cosmetics are polymers, but these are not the only gelling agents used. Indeed, smaller molecules, Low Molecular-Mass Organic Gelators Organogelators (LMOGs), may also present similar properties towards organic liquids. LMOGs are frequently used in cosmetology for their desirable physical organization properties within the oil phase or their capa...

The present invention relates to organogel nanospheres comprising a low molecular weight organoge... more The present invention relates to organogel nanospheres comprising a low molecular weight organogelling agent capable of gelling a cosmetic or pharmaceutical active ingredient, lipophilic or amphiphilic, nonvolatile and liquid at room temperature. The low molecular weight organogelling agent is in particular The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of organogel nanospheres comprising in particular a step of emulsification or hot microemulsification of an organogel, followed by cooling at room temperature. The invention also relates to the nanospheres and aqueous dispersions of nanospheres obtained by the process according to the invention, and the cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

In this review, we survey sustainable approaches, which are encountered in the development of “gr... more In this review, we survey sustainable approaches, which are encountered in the development of “green” organogelators. These molecules, Low Molecular Weight Organogelators (LMOG), are of increasing interest as precursors of solid-like supra-molecular materials. Nowadays, the development of organogelators is moving towards the rational design of smarter molecules with more functionality. Some of these have been exploited in environmental applications like water purification. Biodegradability and biocompatibility of green gelators have found interest as drug delivery systems like in-situ forming implants. These molecules have often been synthetized from renewable raw materials, using sometimes efficient solvent-free approaches. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of synthetic work about organogelators development in the field of the green chemistry. In that sense, we first tried to document the challenging design of green organogelators starting with natural readily available...

Lipid-Based Nanostructures for Food Encapsulation Purposes

Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2006

The synthesis of a number of new 2,2′-bipyridine ligands functionalized with bulky amino side gro... more The synthesis of a number of new 2,2′-bipyridine ligands functionalized with bulky amino side groups is reported. Three homoleptic polypyridyl ruthenium (II) complexes, [Ru(L)3]2+ 2(PF6−), where L is 4,4′-dioctylaminomethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Ru4a), 4,4′-didodecylaminomethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Ru4b) and 4,4′-dioctadodecylaminomethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Ru4c), have been synthesized. These compounds were characterized and their photophysical properties examined. The electronic spectra of three complexes show pyridyl π π* transitions in the UV region and metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands in the visible region. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method using diode array detection for ... more A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method using diode array detection for determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in snake’s plasma was developed. Several snakes were treated transdermally with a single dose of enrofloxacin emulsions corresponding to an antibiotic dose of 5 mg/kg. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were analyzed using a core-shell silica particle stationary phase (Kinetex® RP–C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, particle size 5 μm) and 0.002 M phosphoric acid/acetonitrile (83:17, v/v) as mobile phase. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 2–100 μM and 3–100 µM. The intra-day and inter-day coefficient of variations were below or equal to 10% for both compounds. Limits of quantification for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 2 μM and 3 μM respectively. Sample treatment procedure consisted of deproteinization with perchloric acid. The described HPLC method using core-shell silica particles results in better resolution, higher sensitiv...

The stability of urea solutions (20 % N) in presence of mineral acids (HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4) and th... more The stability of urea solutions (20 % N) in presence of mineral acids (HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4) and their ammonium salts (NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4H2PO4) is studied in the course of 150 days storage at 298.15 K. The study is carried out by periodical measurement of the electric conductivity and pH values of the solutions.

With the increase in occupation-specific risks of lip cancer associated with solar radiation, the... more With the increase in occupation-specific risks of lip cancer associated with solar radiation, there is a need for developing photoprotective lipsticks to protect skin against harmful effects of UV radiation. Considering the unique chemical and physical properties of low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs), the present study intended to assess the UV protective properties of LMOGs-based lipstick formulations. In this study, dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) were used to formulate lipsticks : L1 (1% DBS), L2 (10% 12-HSA), L3 (1.5% DBS) and L4 (control, no LMOGs). The lipstick formulations were tested for in vitro sun protection factors (SPF), UVA protection factor (UVA-PF), thermal, mechanical and texture analyses. Lipsticks with LMOGs exhibited higher UVA-PF and SPF, and more particularly 12-HSA-based lipstick. Results showed also the viscoelastic and heat-resistant properties of LMOGs and their effect of increasing pay-off values. In general, tex...

Gels

1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) are well-known as low-... more 1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) are well-known as low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) capable of gelling an organic liquid phase. Considering their unique chemical and physical properties, we assessed their potential effects in new lipstick formulations by discrimination testing; in vitro measurements of the sun protection factor (SPF); and thermal, mechanical and texture analyzes. DBS and 12-HSA were used to formulate four types of lipsticks: L1 (1% DBS), L2 (10% 12-HSA), L3 (1.5% DBS) and L4 (control, no LMOGs). The lipsticks were tested for sensory perception with an untrained panel of 16 consumers. LMOG formulations exhibited higher UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) and in vitro SPF, particularly in the 12-HSA-based lipstick. Regarding thermal properties, the 12-HSA-based lipstick and those without LMOGs were more heat-amenable compared to thermoresistant DBS-based lipsticks. The results also showed the viscoelastic and thermally r...

Materials Science and Engineering: C

Journal of Solution Chemistry

Degradation of urea in 8 mol·L−1 aqueous solution (20% w/w N) has been studied at 298.15 ± 0.01 K... more Degradation of urea in 8 mol·L−1 aqueous solution (20% w/w N) has been studied at 298.15 ± 0.01 K over a time period of 150 days. The data were obtained by periodicaly measuring the electric conductivity, acidity, and concentrations of the main species of the solution, such as cyanate, ammonim carbonate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate. The concentration of un-ionized ammonia was calculated on the basis of the data for the total ammonia content in the solution.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, Jan 10, 2018

ABSTRACT Organogels are semi‐solid systems with an organic liquid phase immobilized by a three‐di... more ABSTRACT Organogels are semi‐solid systems with an organic liquid phase immobilized by a three‐dimensional network composed of self‐assembled, crosslinked or entangled gelator fibers. Organogel applications are various, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnologies and food technology. In pharmacology, they are used as drug and vaccine delivery platforms for active ingredients via diverse routes such as transdermal, oral and parenteral. In a close past, their uses as drug delivery systems have been unfortunately hampered by the toxicity of the selected organic solvents. More recently, the synthesis of more biocompatible organogels has strengthened the development of several biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This review provides a global view of organogels, such as nature, syntheses, characterizations and properties. An emphasis is placed on the most recent technologies used in the design of organogels as potential controlled delivery systems. A particular attention is provided to their newest therapeutic applications. Graphical abstract Owing their gel‐sol transition, organogels issued from organogelators organized in biocompatible organic solvents present various drug release profiles. Adapted to broad applications, they are versatile controlled released systems. Figure. No caption available.

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

Abstract Current treatment options for snake infections are straightforward for experienced veter... more Abstract Current treatment options for snake infections are straightforward for experienced veterinarians, but are less so for non-veterinarian snake owners. In this study, we analysed the in-vitro permeation of an antibiotic, enrofloxacin, administered percutaneously to the shed skin of a snake ( Python molurus bivittatus ) using a Franz cell. The test formulation was based on the incorporation of enrofloxacin (5 wt %) into a commercial vehicle, Pentravan ® cream. This cream is a hydrophilic emulsion that uses liposomal technology to promote transdermal drug delivery. Two different parts of the shed skin were tested; the first part was close to the head and the second part was just before the cloaca. The amount of enrofloxacin absorbed through the skin was assayed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results seemed to indicate that delivery of enrofloxacin was greater across the skin sampled close to the head than across the skin sampled close to the cloaca. This is due to the lower scale: hinge ratio associated with skin from close to the head. This study confirmed that enrofloxacin can be absorbed through the shed skin of snakes and investigated the percutaneous route as a new option of administering drugs when treating snakes.

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Abstract In this study, the blood concentrations of enrofloxacin administered transdermally to 3 ... more Abstract In this study, the blood concentrations of enrofloxacin administered transdermally to 3 different reptilian species, Python regius, Acrantophis dumerili, and Boa constrictor imperator, at 50 mg/kg was determined. The formulation used was a transdermal commercial vehicle, Pentravan cream, a hydrophilic base emulsion that uses the liposomal technique to penetrate the skin. The enrofloxacin was incorporated at 5 wt% in the Pentravan cream, and the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the detected amounts of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (0.33 and <0.15 &mgr;g/mL, respectively) were below the limit of quantification. Enrofloxacin was detected in P. regius and B. constrictor, while ciprofloxacin was detected only in A. dumerili. Although the values were unquantifiable, this study confirms the absorption of enrofloxacin. Therefore, these findings suggests that enrofloxacin may be a candidate for treatment using the transdermal route in certain reptile species.

Gels

The interest in using colloidal dispersions of gelled lipid nanoparticles (GLN) for different fie... more The interest in using colloidal dispersions of gelled lipid nanoparticles (GLN) for different fields of application has increased in recent years, notably in cosmetic, dermatology, and/or pharmaceutics due to their capacity to immobilize compounds with poor water solubility. The pharmaceutical field desires to achieve lipophilic drug formulations which are able to conserve their stability, although it is well-known that emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) present a lack of stability over time, leading to system destabilization. Furthermore, stable colloidal dispersions of gelled oil particles do not affect the properties of the molecule to be delivered, and they result as an alternative for the previously appointed systems. This review is an attempt to present the reader with an overview of colloidal dispersions of GLN, their concept, formulation methods, as well as the techniques used for their characterization. Moreover, various application fields of organogel dispersion...