Plant Cell and Agriculture - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Plant Cell and Agriculture

Plants, 2024

The aim of this research was to study the effect of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolat... more The aim of this research was to study the effect of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolated from the drought-tolerant plants camel thorn (Alhagi pseudoalhagi (M.Bieb.) Fisch) and white pigweed (Chenopodium album L.) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants cv. Lenigradskaya 6, growing under hydroponic conditions and osmotic stress (generated by 12% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG)). Based on the assumption that plants create a unique microbiome that helps them overcome various stresses, we hypothesized that bacteria isolated from drought-tolerant plants may assist cultivated wheat plants in coping with drought stress. PGPB were isolated from seeds and leaves of plants and identified as Bacillus spp. (strains Cap 07D, Cap 09D, and App 11D); Paenibacillus sp. (Cap 286); and Arthrobacter sp. (Cap 03D). All bacteria produced different phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GAS3) and were capable of stimulating wheat growth under normal and osmotic stress conditions. All PGPB reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased the total chlorophyll content by increasing chlorophyll a, and modulated wheat hormone homeostasis and CAT and POX activities under osmotic conditions. Selected strains can be promising candidates for the mitigating of the drought stress of wheat plants.

Plants, 2024

Soil salinization is an important factor that limits crop production. The effects of spraying sal... more Soil salinization is an important factor that limits crop production. The effects of spraying salicylic acid (SA) during the grain-filling stage on the salt tolerance of progeny seeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated in this study. The results showed that spraying SA during the grain-filling stage significantly increased the grain weight and yield of wheat plants. Meanwhile, the seeds from the SA-treated plants showed a higher germination rate, length and dry mass of the coleoptile and radicle, and a lower mean germination time compared to the seeds of water-treated plants under the salt germination condition, indicating that SA pretreatment during the grain-filling stage could effectively improve the salt tolerance of progeny seeds in wheat. SA pretreatment significantly increased the activities of amylases and the respiration rate, accompanied by a decrease in starch content, and a higher accumulation in the level of soluble sugars and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the germinated seedlings compared to the water pretreatment under salt stress. In addition, SA pretreatment obviously alleviated the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release rate in seedlings by activating antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) under salt stress. Moreover, the seedlings of the SA-treated plants showed lower Na + and higher K + contents compared to the seeds of water-treated plants under salt stress. The results of this study indicate that spraying SA during the grain-filling stage improves the capacity of offspring seeds to maintain osmotic and ion balance and redox homeostasis under salt stress, thereby conferring salt tolerance to the wheat seeds.

Plants , 2024

Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maek. has been employed in traditional Chinese medicine for mill... more Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maek. has been employed in traditional Chinese medicine for millennia. Nevertheless, the small size and the paucity of research on its pharmacological effects have restricted its extensive utilisation in clinical medicine. Polyploid breeding represents an effective method for the rapid enhancement of plant biomass and metabolites. In this study, the most effective in vitro method for inducing tetraploid formation was identified as axillary buds treated in a solution of colchicine at a concentration of 1% for 24 h. Meanwhile, a comparison between tetraploids and diploids yielded two significant findings: (1) The presence of 6-zonocolpate and 8-zonocolpate pollen grains can be used as distinguishing characteristics for diploid and tetraploid, respectively. (2) Genome duplication resulted in alterations to the polyphenol species and synthesis pathway in E. splendens. The accumulation of wogonin, oroxylin A, baicalin, chrysin, acacetin and related derivatives was markedly greater in tetraploid plants, whereas apigenin, naringenin, scutellarein and related derivatives were found to accumulate to a greater extent in diploid plants. It is noteworthy that wogonin and oroxylin A were uniquely detected in tetraploids, indicating that the generated tetraploids may harbor novel pharmacological value. The findings not only provided new insights into the metabolic mechanism of polyploidisation but also established a foundation for the selection and breeding of novel genetic resources of E. splendens.

Discover Plants, 2024

All of previous studies germinated the somatic embryos of date palm under light while neglecting ... more All of previous studies germinated the somatic embryos of date palm under light while neglecting germination under darkness that mimics germination in nature under soil. Studying the effect of light and darkness on the germination of somatic embryos led to the development of a modified protocol for inducing date palm somatic embryo germination and conversion into plants. Two types of somatic embryos were obtained, individual somatic embryos with bipolar structures and cluster primary embryos that multiplied to the cluster somatic embryos. The cluster embryos produced cluster shoots up on germination, while individual embryos developed into a single plantlet. The cluster somatic embryos that germinated in the dark exhibited sustained and vigorous growth, leading to the formation of long etiolated stems with thin leaves. Germination under darkness significantly shortened the conversion period of cluster somatic embryos into plants from 20 weeks, when using light, to only 7 weeks for both germination and elongation in one stage. Moreover, the plants incubated in the dark had the greatest percentage of rooting and plant acclimatization. Taken together, these results led to the development of an efficient new and simple protocol for date palm micropropagation, which led to improved germination and growth and significantly reduced time and costs.

Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, , 2024

Research Paper This study aimed to optimize embryogenic callus formation and transformation of th... more Research Paper This study aimed to optimize embryogenic callus formation and transformation of the CP57-614 sugarcane variety using particle bombardment. Young leaf explants were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; auxin) (1, 2, and 4 mg L-1) and two Dicamba concentrations (4 and 6 mg L-1). The highest callus induction rate was achieved with 2 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. Subsequently, particle bombardment was used to introduce genetic constructs containing the uidA reporter gene driven by three promoters (CaMV35S, ubiquitin, and actin1) into the embryogenic calli. We assessed the impact of various biological, physical, and DNA parameters, including bombardment pressure, target distance, particle size, DNA amount, and osmotic pretreatment, through histochemical GUS assay to quantify blue spots. Results showed that the most effective combination involved bombardment at 1100 psi, 6 cm target distance, 1 μm gold particles coated with 1 μg DNA, under a vacuum of 25 inHg. Additionally, the best osmotic pretreatment utilized a solution containing 0.2 M sorbitol and 0.2 M mannitol. Notably, the construct driven by the ubiquitin promoter resulted in the highest transient expression of the uidA gene, suggesting its superiority for gene expression in this system.

JBBI, 2023

Banana (Musa sp.) is an important crop that is widely cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. Banan... more Banana (Musa sp.) is an important crop that is widely cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. Banana plants production can be increased through tissue culture with the use of explants and the right combination of hormones. This study was conducted to determine the use of flower apices explants on local banana varieties using a combination of cytokinin hormones containing BAP (Benzylaminopurine) and several levels of TDZ (Thidiazuron). The result of this research was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. The hormone combination in this study consists of MS + BAP 2 mg/L + three concentrations of TDZ (2 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, and 3 mg/L) as a regeneration medium. Three local banana varieties (Kepok Putih, Kepok Kuning, and Pisang Susu) was cultured on the three combination medium. The results showed that the use of flower apices explants contained in banana flowers grown on MS media with a combination of cytokinin hormones could increase the efficiency of explant regeneration. Media MS + BAP 2 mg/L + TDZ 3 mg/L gave the best regeneration rate for Kepok Putih (62.50%), Kepok Kuning (62.50%) and Banana Susu (56.25%) compared to TDZ 2. mg/L and TDZ 3 mg/L. The novelty of this study can provide information in the propagation of local banana plants using flower apices explants

European Journal of Agricultural and Rural Education (EJARE), 2021

In this article, the importance of soybean plant, experimental method and conditions, the average... more In this article, the importance of soybean plant, experimental method and conditions, the average yield of varieties when applying mineral fertilizers to the local variety “Nafis” and foreign variety “Velana” from the soil and in the liquid state during the growing season, average yield was 43.4-42.4 c / ha, while soybean cultivation with liquid fertilizer was 38.9-40.6 c / ha, and NPK with selfapplication was 41.8-41.4 c / ha, and the best result was obtained from with NPK, which the variant applied in combination with liquid fertilizer was found to have a good effect on other morpho-physiological parameters of the plant.

European Journal of Agricultural and Rural Education (EJARE), 2022

Proline is an amino acid, an important role in the osmotic regulation of the cytoplasm of cells, ... more Proline is an amino acid, an important role in the osmotic regulation of the cytoplasm of cells, as a complementary solute, its effective role in maintaining the swelling of cells, on enzymatic activity in the cytoplasm, by keeping enzymes from degrading, the addition of proline to the plant increases the period and number of cell divisions and expands them.The external addition of proline acid, its action was equivalent to genetic modification of a plant, using genetic engineering technology. Spraying Proline on plants improves the absorption of nutrients, and increase its accumulation in the root and vegetative total, leads to an increase in the photosynthesis process and the efficiency of the transfer of materials in the plant body, leads to an increase in yield and its components, proline accumulates during abiotic stresses, it also accumulates in various plant tissues under natural conditions that are not exposed to stress.

J Bangladesh Agril Univ, 2024

The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a ... more The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a potential solution to increase yields. The motives of this investigation are to evaluate the yield and yield attributes of mustard varieties with different fertilizer combinations and gibberellic acid (GA3). The experiment was set at the Research Field of the Department Crop Physiology and Ecology of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, in accordance with randomized complete block design with three replications. Three mustard varieties viz., BARI mustard-14, BARI mustard-17 and BINA mustard-9 were evaluated against four combined fertilizations and GA3. The maximal yield and yield attributing traits were significantly subjugated by variant fertilization and varieties. The results expounded that BARI mustard-17 emanated the utmost values followed by varieties BARI mustard-14 and BINA mustard-9. In extent of fertilization, most of the growth parameters showed the highest values in Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Boric acid: 10 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1, GA3: Gibberellic Acid 10 % and the lowest values were recorded in Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1. In the majority of instances, the BARI mustard-17 and Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Boric acid: 10 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1, GA3: Gibberellic Acid 10 % exhibited the highest performance in the context of fertilization and variety interactions.

JBBI, 2024

Refugia is a flowering plant that is intended to trap and destroy insects. Colchicine is reported... more Refugia is a flowering plant that is intended to trap and destroy insects. Colchicine is reported to induce polyploidy in plants. This study aims to determine germination, growth, and refugia performance of colchicine induced Zinnia elegans at different immersion concentrations and times. This research was conducted experimentally with a completely randomized design. The treatment was immersion in colchicine solution at different times duration. Colchicine concentration 0.01% with immersion time of 6,12,24,48, and 72 hours. Colchicine induction with different immersion times showed a decrease in sprouts height
(p<0.05), resulting in abnormal sprouts with three leaves and wider leaf area (correlation test r=0.560). The longer the colchicine immersion showed plant height (correlation test r=0.618). Morphologically, control and colchicine induction results were relatively the same,
but flowers resulting from colchicine induction had higher flower heights (correlation test r=0.772) and flower diameter (correlation test r=0.815). Induction of colchicine immersion had a different effect on the growth and reproduction performance of Z. elegans.

Jurnal Kultivasi, 2024

The common issues related to the potato production are the limitation and availability of quality... more The common issues related to the potato production are the limitation and availability of quality seeds as well as seed deterioration. This study aimed to determine the medium composition for plant growth and the formation of micro-tubers from in vitro culture to get the high quality of potato seed. This experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor, Sumedang, from October 2015 to May 2016. Randomized coplete design was used in this experiment with the combination of two kind's of basal medium (MS and MS modification). Moreover, we used three levels plant growth inhibitors (coumarin 105 mg L-1 and 120 mg L-1; paclobutrazol 0.4 mg L-1 and 1 mg L-1);three levels of jasmonic acid (0,4mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1); and two levels of sugar (90 g L-1 and 120 gL-1) and it were repeated five times. The results showed that B treatment (paclobutrazol) affect on the fresh weight potato micro-tuber. while the jasmonic acid affect on plantlet microtuber formation percentage.

Agro Tatanen

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh BAP terhadap... more Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh BAP terhadap pertumbuhan subkultur kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) varietas Granola dan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh BAP yang paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan subkultur kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) varietas Granola. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Benih Kentang, Desa Sukamanah, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung. Dengan suhu ruangan 22-25℃, kelembaban 60-70% dan intensitas cahaya 3000-5000lux. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dengan empat ulangan dimana perlakuan A (0 ppm), B (0,75 ppm), C (1,50 ppm), D (2,25 ppm), E (3,00 ppm), dan F (3,75 ppm). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian konsentrasi BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda pada pertumbuhan subkultur kentang dan pada pemberian konsentrasi BAP 0,75 ppm memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap jumlah daun, tinggi planlet dan panjang akar pada subkultur kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) varietas Granola.

Microbiotech, 2024

Kale is one of the lowland plants and is one type of annual herbaceous plant that is consumed as ... more Kale is one of the lowland plants and is one type of annual herbaceous plant that is consumed as a vegetable and is favored by people around the world. Kale plants are diploid (2n = 2x = 30) with small stem and leaf morphology. One of the efforts to increase productivity and biomass can be done by increasing ploidy. Induction using colchicine has been widely done in the process of polyploidization in plants and most of these inductions are successful. Colchicine with the right concentration will weaken the preparation of microtubules, this causes the mitotic stage to be inhibited resulting in the number of chromosomes in the plant will be doubled and produce polyploid plants. This type of research is experimental research in the form of polypoid induction in kale plants by administering colchicine. The treatment was given by soaking the kale seeds for 24 hours in colchicine solution consisting of control concentration (T0), 0.1% (T1), 0.3% (T2) and 0.5% (T3). In this study, no kale chromosomes were seen due to factors such as not using hydrolysis solution and lack of skill in squashing. In this study, kale chromosomes were not visible in all treatments. Many factors caused the invisibility of kale chromosomes such as not using hydrolysis solution and lack of skill in squashing. It is recommended that this research be developed again in the methods and solutions used so that chromosomes can be seen under the microscope

Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2024

The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a ... more The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a potential solution to increase yields. The motives of this investigation are to evaluate the yield and yield attributes of mustard varieties with different fertilizer combinations and gibberellic acid (GA3).

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2024

In this genetic study focusing on Kerala's west coast, particularly the southern region with dive... more In this genetic study focusing on Kerala's west coast, particularly the southern region with diverse demographics and fluctuating salinity, we utilized random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers to assess the genetic variation of the plant species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, which is facing habitat loss in the region. The ISSR marker demonstrated a higher degree of polymorphism (13.6%) compared with RAPD (3.5%). The polymorphic information content averaged 0.484 for ISSR and 0.354 for RAPD. The B. gymnorrhiza samples from Alappuzha and Thrissur clustered together in both markers. Nei's genetic diversity index (h) was determined to be 0.430 for RAPD and 0.453 for ISSR. The unweighted pair group with the arithmetic mean dendrogram, reflecting a greater degree of polymorphism, supports the conservation of B. gymnorrhiza throughout Kerala's west coast. Additionally, the marker index was calculated as 0.506 for ISSR and 0.392 for RAPD, highlighting the efficacy of ISSR markers in assessing the genetic diversity of B. gymnorrhiza.

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2024

Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis plays a crucial role in polyploidization studies. It allows for the... more Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis plays a crucial role in polyploidization studies. It allows for the rapid identification of induced polyploids or mixoploids and plantlets with unchanged ploidy levels compared to the conventional method of chromosome counting. Therefore, the present study aims to optimize and develop an efficient FCM analysis
procedure to determine the ploidy level and DNA content of Neolamarckia cadamba. This involved investigating various types of leaf tissues of N. cadamba and lysis buffers to identify the best tissue-buffer combination for FCM analysis. The histograms generated by FCM analysis revealed that only fresh leaves combined with LB01 buffer produced clean histograms with sharper peaks, reduced noise, and low coefficient of variation values. FCM analysis effectively classified the nodal explants of N. cadamba treated with colchicine into three distinct groups of polyploid
plants: tetraploids, mixoploids, and octoploids. The N. cadamba tetraploids were found to have an estimated DNA content of 2.59 ± 0.09 pg, while octoploids showed an increase of DNA content to 5.35 ± 0.24 pg. These results highlight the effectiveness of FCM as a valuable tool in identifying mixoploids among the colchicine-induced polyploids of N. cadamba, as compared to the conventional method of chromosome counting. Mixoploids, which are characterized by cells with varying ploidy levels, deserve further investigation in future research.

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2024

Growth, haematology and histopathology are important indices in evaluating the health and physiol... more Growth, haematology and histopathology are important indices in evaluating the health and physiological state of fish. These metabolic and health indices were examined in Clarias gariepinus fed with Zingiber officinale (ginger) roots-powder supplemented diets in 40-litre freshwater-filled plastic tanks. 120 C. gariepinus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g) were fed with 40% crude protein diets containing three concentrations of Zingiber officinale roots-powder: GRP1-1%; GRP2-2%; GRP3-3%, and control-0% ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. Significant differences (p < 0.05) occurred in the growth parameters except feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate. Survival rate decreased as concentration of powder increased. Differences (p<0.05) seen in packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), and Red blood cell (RBC), thus highest in GRP3: PCV (37.00±1.16%), Hb (12.37±0.37g/dl) and RBC (3.47±0.08 x 10 6 /l) and lowest in control: PCV (22.00±0.58%), Hb (7.37±0.20g/dl) and RBC (2.07±0.06 x 10 6 /l). Liver histology of control fish was normal, while fatty degenerations were seen in the treated fish. The histology of fish kidney was normal in all treatments. The study concluded that 1% ginger root-powder dietary supplementation in cultured C. gariepinus could effectively improve the metabolic activities, health profile and survival of the fish.

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology , 2024

Ficus carica is one of the most important fruit species of Mediterranean countries. Egypt is one ... more Ficus carica is one of the most important fruit species of Mediterranean countries. Egypt is one of the top countries in the world for the production of various cultivars of fig. The present work aimed to evaluate in vitro tolerance of five fig cultivars (i.e., Achtoy White, Masone Black, Zeiblly Red, Zeiblly Flair, and Shami Stihy) to NaCl on morphological characters and biochemical changes in multiplication stage. The in vitro shoots of fig cultivars were subcultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 or 3 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L 2iP and augmented with different concentrations of NaCl (

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2024

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the raw material for the worldwide chocolate industry. To ensure hi... more Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the raw material for the worldwide chocolate industry. To ensure high quality and efficient field production, the industry relies on a uniformity of elite cocoa plants, which can be achieved through vegetative propagation methods like somatic embryogenesis. However, the low yield rate in the multiplication and regeneration of cocoa plants remains a challenge for basic research. To obtain a greater number of secondary somatic embryos (SSE) in cocoa, the effect of three osmoregulators on the disc cells of primary somatic embryos (PSE) of cocoa was studied. PSE was induced from cocoa staminodes of genotype I52. Epicotyls were selected from PSE at the torpedo and cotyledon stages, segmented into 3 mm discs, and placed in a secondary callus growth medium. The explants were transferred to embryo development medium 3, where they were exposed to the osmoregulatory polyethylene glycol (PEG), mannitol, and sorbitol at the following concentrations: 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%. D-Mannitol at 3% and D-Sorbitol at 1% increased the number of SSE at the torpedo, globular, and cotyledon stage per explant. The culture medium with 1% PEG significantly increased the formation of SSE in the globular and cotyledonal stages. The results presented a positive effect of the osmoregulators on the formation of cocoa SSE.

Research Square, 2024

Euonymus bungeanus Maxim. is a tree species with high ornamental, industrial, and medicinal value... more Euonymus bungeanus Maxim. is a tree species with high ornamental, industrial, and medicinal value. Establishing a method for rapid and efficient regeneration of E. bungeanus is essential to achieve industrial-scale production. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid tissue propagation technique for E. bungeanus and provide a foundation for the industrial production of tissue-cultured seedlings. Using stem segments of E. bungeanus as explants, we investigated effects of explant collection time, sterilization method, various culture media, and ratios of plant growth regulators on the initiation, subculture, and rooting stages of the tissue culture process for E. bungeanus. The optimal explant collection time was mid-April; a combination of 75% ethanol for 20 s, followed by 0.1% HgCl2 for 7 min was suitable for disinfection, yielding a survival rate of 55.00% for the explants. Initiation culture using the woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.2 mg L-1 of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) achieved an induction rate of 87.22% for explants. Proliferation culture on ¼ WPM medium containing 2.0 mg L-1 of 6-BA and 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA resulted in a propagation coefficient of 4.98. Rooting culture on ½ Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid achieved a rooting rate of 78.33%. However, the rooting rate was low, indicating the need for further optimization of rooting and acclimatization. This study is the first to develop a rapid and efficient regeneration system for E. bungeanus using stem segments.

Plants, 2024

The aim of this research was to study the effect of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolat... more The aim of this research was to study the effect of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolated from the drought-tolerant plants camel thorn (Alhagi pseudoalhagi (M.Bieb.) Fisch) and white pigweed (Chenopodium album L.) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants cv. Lenigradskaya 6, growing under hydroponic conditions and osmotic stress (generated by 12% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG)). Based on the assumption that plants create a unique microbiome that helps them overcome various stresses, we hypothesized that bacteria isolated from drought-tolerant plants may assist cultivated wheat plants in coping with drought stress. PGPB were isolated from seeds and leaves of plants and identified as Bacillus spp. (strains Cap 07D, Cap 09D, and App 11D); Paenibacillus sp. (Cap 286); and Arthrobacter sp. (Cap 03D). All bacteria produced different phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GAS3) and were capable of stimulating wheat growth under normal and osmotic stress conditions. All PGPB reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased the total chlorophyll content by increasing chlorophyll a, and modulated wheat hormone homeostasis and CAT and POX activities under osmotic conditions. Selected strains can be promising candidates for the mitigating of the drought stress of wheat plants.

Plants, 2024

Soil salinization is an important factor that limits crop production. The effects of spraying sal... more Soil salinization is an important factor that limits crop production. The effects of spraying salicylic acid (SA) during the grain-filling stage on the salt tolerance of progeny seeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated in this study. The results showed that spraying SA during the grain-filling stage significantly increased the grain weight and yield of wheat plants. Meanwhile, the seeds from the SA-treated plants showed a higher germination rate, length and dry mass of the coleoptile and radicle, and a lower mean germination time compared to the seeds of water-treated plants under the salt germination condition, indicating that SA pretreatment during the grain-filling stage could effectively improve the salt tolerance of progeny seeds in wheat. SA pretreatment significantly increased the activities of amylases and the respiration rate, accompanied by a decrease in starch content, and a higher accumulation in the level of soluble sugars and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the germinated seedlings compared to the water pretreatment under salt stress. In addition, SA pretreatment obviously alleviated the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release rate in seedlings by activating antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) under salt stress. Moreover, the seedlings of the SA-treated plants showed lower Na + and higher K + contents compared to the seeds of water-treated plants under salt stress. The results of this study indicate that spraying SA during the grain-filling stage improves the capacity of offspring seeds to maintain osmotic and ion balance and redox homeostasis under salt stress, thereby conferring salt tolerance to the wheat seeds.

Plants , 2024

Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maek. has been employed in traditional Chinese medicine for mill... more Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maek. has been employed in traditional Chinese medicine for millennia. Nevertheless, the small size and the paucity of research on its pharmacological effects have restricted its extensive utilisation in clinical medicine. Polyploid breeding represents an effective method for the rapid enhancement of plant biomass and metabolites. In this study, the most effective in vitro method for inducing tetraploid formation was identified as axillary buds treated in a solution of colchicine at a concentration of 1% for 24 h. Meanwhile, a comparison between tetraploids and diploids yielded two significant findings: (1) The presence of 6-zonocolpate and 8-zonocolpate pollen grains can be used as distinguishing characteristics for diploid and tetraploid, respectively. (2) Genome duplication resulted in alterations to the polyphenol species and synthesis pathway in E. splendens. The accumulation of wogonin, oroxylin A, baicalin, chrysin, acacetin and related derivatives was markedly greater in tetraploid plants, whereas apigenin, naringenin, scutellarein and related derivatives were found to accumulate to a greater extent in diploid plants. It is noteworthy that wogonin and oroxylin A were uniquely detected in tetraploids, indicating that the generated tetraploids may harbor novel pharmacological value. The findings not only provided new insights into the metabolic mechanism of polyploidisation but also established a foundation for the selection and breeding of novel genetic resources of E. splendens.

Discover Plants, 2024

All of previous studies germinated the somatic embryos of date palm under light while neglecting ... more All of previous studies germinated the somatic embryos of date palm under light while neglecting germination under darkness that mimics germination in nature under soil. Studying the effect of light and darkness on the germination of somatic embryos led to the development of a modified protocol for inducing date palm somatic embryo germination and conversion into plants. Two types of somatic embryos were obtained, individual somatic embryos with bipolar structures and cluster primary embryos that multiplied to the cluster somatic embryos. The cluster embryos produced cluster shoots up on germination, while individual embryos developed into a single plantlet. The cluster somatic embryos that germinated in the dark exhibited sustained and vigorous growth, leading to the formation of long etiolated stems with thin leaves. Germination under darkness significantly shortened the conversion period of cluster somatic embryos into plants from 20 weeks, when using light, to only 7 weeks for both germination and elongation in one stage. Moreover, the plants incubated in the dark had the greatest percentage of rooting and plant acclimatization. Taken together, these results led to the development of an efficient new and simple protocol for date palm micropropagation, which led to improved germination and growth and significantly reduced time and costs.

Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, , 2024

Research Paper This study aimed to optimize embryogenic callus formation and transformation of th... more Research Paper This study aimed to optimize embryogenic callus formation and transformation of the CP57-614 sugarcane variety using particle bombardment. Young leaf explants were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; auxin) (1, 2, and 4 mg L-1) and two Dicamba concentrations (4 and 6 mg L-1). The highest callus induction rate was achieved with 2 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. Subsequently, particle bombardment was used to introduce genetic constructs containing the uidA reporter gene driven by three promoters (CaMV35S, ubiquitin, and actin1) into the embryogenic calli. We assessed the impact of various biological, physical, and DNA parameters, including bombardment pressure, target distance, particle size, DNA amount, and osmotic pretreatment, through histochemical GUS assay to quantify blue spots. Results showed that the most effective combination involved bombardment at 1100 psi, 6 cm target distance, 1 μm gold particles coated with 1 μg DNA, under a vacuum of 25 inHg. Additionally, the best osmotic pretreatment utilized a solution containing 0.2 M sorbitol and 0.2 M mannitol. Notably, the construct driven by the ubiquitin promoter resulted in the highest transient expression of the uidA gene, suggesting its superiority for gene expression in this system.

JBBI, 2023

Banana (Musa sp.) is an important crop that is widely cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. Banan... more Banana (Musa sp.) is an important crop that is widely cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. Banana plants production can be increased through tissue culture with the use of explants and the right combination of hormones. This study was conducted to determine the use of flower apices explants on local banana varieties using a combination of cytokinin hormones containing BAP (Benzylaminopurine) and several levels of TDZ (Thidiazuron). The result of this research was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. The hormone combination in this study consists of MS + BAP 2 mg/L + three concentrations of TDZ (2 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, and 3 mg/L) as a regeneration medium. Three local banana varieties (Kepok Putih, Kepok Kuning, and Pisang Susu) was cultured on the three combination medium. The results showed that the use of flower apices explants contained in banana flowers grown on MS media with a combination of cytokinin hormones could increase the efficiency of explant regeneration. Media MS + BAP 2 mg/L + TDZ 3 mg/L gave the best regeneration rate for Kepok Putih (62.50%), Kepok Kuning (62.50%) and Banana Susu (56.25%) compared to TDZ 2. mg/L and TDZ 3 mg/L. The novelty of this study can provide information in the propagation of local banana plants using flower apices explants

European Journal of Agricultural and Rural Education (EJARE), 2021

In this article, the importance of soybean plant, experimental method and conditions, the average... more In this article, the importance of soybean plant, experimental method and conditions, the average yield of varieties when applying mineral fertilizers to the local variety “Nafis” and foreign variety “Velana” from the soil and in the liquid state during the growing season, average yield was 43.4-42.4 c / ha, while soybean cultivation with liquid fertilizer was 38.9-40.6 c / ha, and NPK with selfapplication was 41.8-41.4 c / ha, and the best result was obtained from with NPK, which the variant applied in combination with liquid fertilizer was found to have a good effect on other morpho-physiological parameters of the plant.

European Journal of Agricultural and Rural Education (EJARE), 2022

Proline is an amino acid, an important role in the osmotic regulation of the cytoplasm of cells, ... more Proline is an amino acid, an important role in the osmotic regulation of the cytoplasm of cells, as a complementary solute, its effective role in maintaining the swelling of cells, on enzymatic activity in the cytoplasm, by keeping enzymes from degrading, the addition of proline to the plant increases the period and number of cell divisions and expands them.The external addition of proline acid, its action was equivalent to genetic modification of a plant, using genetic engineering technology. Spraying Proline on plants improves the absorption of nutrients, and increase its accumulation in the root and vegetative total, leads to an increase in the photosynthesis process and the efficiency of the transfer of materials in the plant body, leads to an increase in yield and its components, proline accumulates during abiotic stresses, it also accumulates in various plant tissues under natural conditions that are not exposed to stress.

J Bangladesh Agril Univ, 2024

The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a ... more The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a potential solution to increase yields. The motives of this investigation are to evaluate the yield and yield attributes of mustard varieties with different fertilizer combinations and gibberellic acid (GA3). The experiment was set at the Research Field of the Department Crop Physiology and Ecology of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, in accordance with randomized complete block design with three replications. Three mustard varieties viz., BARI mustard-14, BARI mustard-17 and BINA mustard-9 were evaluated against four combined fertilizations and GA3. The maximal yield and yield attributing traits were significantly subjugated by variant fertilization and varieties. The results expounded that BARI mustard-17 emanated the utmost values followed by varieties BARI mustard-14 and BINA mustard-9. In extent of fertilization, most of the growth parameters showed the highest values in Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Boric acid: 10 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1, GA3: Gibberellic Acid 10 % and the lowest values were recorded in Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1. In the majority of instances, the BARI mustard-17 and Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Boric acid: 10 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1, GA3: Gibberellic Acid 10 % exhibited the highest performance in the context of fertilization and variety interactions.

JBBI, 2024

Refugia is a flowering plant that is intended to trap and destroy insects. Colchicine is reported... more Refugia is a flowering plant that is intended to trap and destroy insects. Colchicine is reported to induce polyploidy in plants. This study aims to determine germination, growth, and refugia performance of colchicine induced Zinnia elegans at different immersion concentrations and times. This research was conducted experimentally with a completely randomized design. The treatment was immersion in colchicine solution at different times duration. Colchicine concentration 0.01% with immersion time of 6,12,24,48, and 72 hours. Colchicine induction with different immersion times showed a decrease in sprouts height
(p<0.05), resulting in abnormal sprouts with three leaves and wider leaf area (correlation test r=0.560). The longer the colchicine immersion showed plant height (correlation test r=0.618). Morphologically, control and colchicine induction results were relatively the same,
but flowers resulting from colchicine induction had higher flower heights (correlation test r=0.772) and flower diameter (correlation test r=0.815). Induction of colchicine immersion had a different effect on the growth and reproduction performance of Z. elegans.

Jurnal Kultivasi, 2024

The common issues related to the potato production are the limitation and availability of quality... more The common issues related to the potato production are the limitation and availability of quality seeds as well as seed deterioration. This study aimed to determine the medium composition for plant growth and the formation of micro-tubers from in vitro culture to get the high quality of potato seed. This experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor, Sumedang, from October 2015 to May 2016. Randomized coplete design was used in this experiment with the combination of two kind's of basal medium (MS and MS modification). Moreover, we used three levels plant growth inhibitors (coumarin 105 mg L-1 and 120 mg L-1; paclobutrazol 0.4 mg L-1 and 1 mg L-1);three levels of jasmonic acid (0,4mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1); and two levels of sugar (90 g L-1 and 120 gL-1) and it were repeated five times. The results showed that B treatment (paclobutrazol) affect on the fresh weight potato micro-tuber. while the jasmonic acid affect on plantlet microtuber formation percentage.

Agro Tatanen

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh BAP terhadap... more Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh BAP terhadap pertumbuhan subkultur kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) varietas Granola dan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh BAP yang paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan subkultur kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) varietas Granola. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Benih Kentang, Desa Sukamanah, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung. Dengan suhu ruangan 22-25℃, kelembaban 60-70% dan intensitas cahaya 3000-5000lux. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dengan empat ulangan dimana perlakuan A (0 ppm), B (0,75 ppm), C (1,50 ppm), D (2,25 ppm), E (3,00 ppm), dan F (3,75 ppm). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian konsentrasi BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda pada pertumbuhan subkultur kentang dan pada pemberian konsentrasi BAP 0,75 ppm memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap jumlah daun, tinggi planlet dan panjang akar pada subkultur kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) varietas Granola.

Microbiotech, 2024

Kale is one of the lowland plants and is one type of annual herbaceous plant that is consumed as ... more Kale is one of the lowland plants and is one type of annual herbaceous plant that is consumed as a vegetable and is favored by people around the world. Kale plants are diploid (2n = 2x = 30) with small stem and leaf morphology. One of the efforts to increase productivity and biomass can be done by increasing ploidy. Induction using colchicine has been widely done in the process of polyploidization in plants and most of these inductions are successful. Colchicine with the right concentration will weaken the preparation of microtubules, this causes the mitotic stage to be inhibited resulting in the number of chromosomes in the plant will be doubled and produce polyploid plants. This type of research is experimental research in the form of polypoid induction in kale plants by administering colchicine. The treatment was given by soaking the kale seeds for 24 hours in colchicine solution consisting of control concentration (T0), 0.1% (T1), 0.3% (T2) and 0.5% (T3). In this study, no kale chromosomes were seen due to factors such as not using hydrolysis solution and lack of skill in squashing. In this study, kale chromosomes were not visible in all treatments. Many factors caused the invisibility of kale chromosomes such as not using hydrolysis solution and lack of skill in squashing. It is recommended that this research be developed again in the methods and solutions used so that chromosomes can be seen under the microscope

Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2024

The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a ... more The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a potential solution to increase yields. The motives of this investigation are to evaluate the yield and yield attributes of mustard varieties with different fertilizer combinations and gibberellic acid (GA3).

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2024

In this genetic study focusing on Kerala's west coast, particularly the southern region with dive... more In this genetic study focusing on Kerala's west coast, particularly the southern region with diverse demographics and fluctuating salinity, we utilized random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers to assess the genetic variation of the plant species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, which is facing habitat loss in the region. The ISSR marker demonstrated a higher degree of polymorphism (13.6%) compared with RAPD (3.5%). The polymorphic information content averaged 0.484 for ISSR and 0.354 for RAPD. The B. gymnorrhiza samples from Alappuzha and Thrissur clustered together in both markers. Nei's genetic diversity index (h) was determined to be 0.430 for RAPD and 0.453 for ISSR. The unweighted pair group with the arithmetic mean dendrogram, reflecting a greater degree of polymorphism, supports the conservation of B. gymnorrhiza throughout Kerala's west coast. Additionally, the marker index was calculated as 0.506 for ISSR and 0.392 for RAPD, highlighting the efficacy of ISSR markers in assessing the genetic diversity of B. gymnorrhiza.

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2024

Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis plays a crucial role in polyploidization studies. It allows for the... more Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis plays a crucial role in polyploidization studies. It allows for the rapid identification of induced polyploids or mixoploids and plantlets with unchanged ploidy levels compared to the conventional method of chromosome counting. Therefore, the present study aims to optimize and develop an efficient FCM analysis
procedure to determine the ploidy level and DNA content of Neolamarckia cadamba. This involved investigating various types of leaf tissues of N. cadamba and lysis buffers to identify the best tissue-buffer combination for FCM analysis. The histograms generated by FCM analysis revealed that only fresh leaves combined with LB01 buffer produced clean histograms with sharper peaks, reduced noise, and low coefficient of variation values. FCM analysis effectively classified the nodal explants of N. cadamba treated with colchicine into three distinct groups of polyploid
plants: tetraploids, mixoploids, and octoploids. The N. cadamba tetraploids were found to have an estimated DNA content of 2.59 ± 0.09 pg, while octoploids showed an increase of DNA content to 5.35 ± 0.24 pg. These results highlight the effectiveness of FCM as a valuable tool in identifying mixoploids among the colchicine-induced polyploids of N. cadamba, as compared to the conventional method of chromosome counting. Mixoploids, which are characterized by cells with varying ploidy levels, deserve further investigation in future research.

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2024

Growth, haematology and histopathology are important indices in evaluating the health and physiol... more Growth, haematology and histopathology are important indices in evaluating the health and physiological state of fish. These metabolic and health indices were examined in Clarias gariepinus fed with Zingiber officinale (ginger) roots-powder supplemented diets in 40-litre freshwater-filled plastic tanks. 120 C. gariepinus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g) were fed with 40% crude protein diets containing three concentrations of Zingiber officinale roots-powder: GRP1-1%; GRP2-2%; GRP3-3%, and control-0% ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. Significant differences (p < 0.05) occurred in the growth parameters except feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate. Survival rate decreased as concentration of powder increased. Differences (p<0.05) seen in packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), and Red blood cell (RBC), thus highest in GRP3: PCV (37.00±1.16%), Hb (12.37±0.37g/dl) and RBC (3.47±0.08 x 10 6 /l) and lowest in control: PCV (22.00±0.58%), Hb (7.37±0.20g/dl) and RBC (2.07±0.06 x 10 6 /l). Liver histology of control fish was normal, while fatty degenerations were seen in the treated fish. The histology of fish kidney was normal in all treatments. The study concluded that 1% ginger root-powder dietary supplementation in cultured C. gariepinus could effectively improve the metabolic activities, health profile and survival of the fish.

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology , 2024

Ficus carica is one of the most important fruit species of Mediterranean countries. Egypt is one ... more Ficus carica is one of the most important fruit species of Mediterranean countries. Egypt is one of the top countries in the world for the production of various cultivars of fig. The present work aimed to evaluate in vitro tolerance of five fig cultivars (i.e., Achtoy White, Masone Black, Zeiblly Red, Zeiblly Flair, and Shami Stihy) to NaCl on morphological characters and biochemical changes in multiplication stage. The in vitro shoots of fig cultivars were subcultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 or 3 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L 2iP and augmented with different concentrations of NaCl (

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2024

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the raw material for the worldwide chocolate industry. To ensure hi... more Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the raw material for the worldwide chocolate industry. To ensure high quality and efficient field production, the industry relies on a uniformity of elite cocoa plants, which can be achieved through vegetative propagation methods like somatic embryogenesis. However, the low yield rate in the multiplication and regeneration of cocoa plants remains a challenge for basic research. To obtain a greater number of secondary somatic embryos (SSE) in cocoa, the effect of three osmoregulators on the disc cells of primary somatic embryos (PSE) of cocoa was studied. PSE was induced from cocoa staminodes of genotype I52. Epicotyls were selected from PSE at the torpedo and cotyledon stages, segmented into 3 mm discs, and placed in a secondary callus growth medium. The explants were transferred to embryo development medium 3, where they were exposed to the osmoregulatory polyethylene glycol (PEG), mannitol, and sorbitol at the following concentrations: 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%. D-Mannitol at 3% and D-Sorbitol at 1% increased the number of SSE at the torpedo, globular, and cotyledon stage per explant. The culture medium with 1% PEG significantly increased the formation of SSE in the globular and cotyledonal stages. The results presented a positive effect of the osmoregulators on the formation of cocoa SSE.

Research Square, 2024

Euonymus bungeanus Maxim. is a tree species with high ornamental, industrial, and medicinal value... more Euonymus bungeanus Maxim. is a tree species with high ornamental, industrial, and medicinal value. Establishing a method for rapid and efficient regeneration of E. bungeanus is essential to achieve industrial-scale production. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid tissue propagation technique for E. bungeanus and provide a foundation for the industrial production of tissue-cultured seedlings. Using stem segments of E. bungeanus as explants, we investigated effects of explant collection time, sterilization method, various culture media, and ratios of plant growth regulators on the initiation, subculture, and rooting stages of the tissue culture process for E. bungeanus. The optimal explant collection time was mid-April; a combination of 75% ethanol for 20 s, followed by 0.1% HgCl2 for 7 min was suitable for disinfection, yielding a survival rate of 55.00% for the explants. Initiation culture using the woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.2 mg L-1 of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) achieved an induction rate of 87.22% for explants. Proliferation culture on ¼ WPM medium containing 2.0 mg L-1 of 6-BA and 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA resulted in a propagation coefficient of 4.98. Rooting culture on ½ Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid achieved a rooting rate of 78.33%. However, the rooting rate was low, indicating the need for further optimization of rooting and acclimatization. This study is the first to develop a rapid and efficient regeneration system for E. bungeanus using stem segments.