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Papers by Poliana Lins
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the... more Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or ...
American Journal of Primatology, 2022
Although the species-area relationship is well known, it may interact with and be augmented or ca... more Although the species-area relationship is well known, it may interact with and be augmented or cancelled out by other factors, such as local human disturbance. We used data on site occupancy of the Endangered blonde capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) based primarily on a standardized program of local interviews to model the influence of past human disturbance on the occurrence of this species across remaining forest patches of northeastern Brazil within the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes. To do so, we assessed environmental covariates that best represent the history of human impacts. We then used single-species occupancy models to assess site occupancy, while controlling for detection error during sampling. Surprisingly, we obtained a higher occupancy rate in the more arid Caatinga remnants than in the more mesic Atlantic Forest. Habitat patch size, history of site protection, and annual precipitation were the best predictors of local occupancy. Historical human disturbance, including subsistence hunting, has exerted considerable impact on the modern distribution of the blonde capuchin, whose geographic range largely spans a region historically lacking any wildlife protection. Matrix vegetation structure across the Caatinga, which so far has averted large-scale mechanized agriculture, also creates a benign landscape that likely benefits contemporary capuchin occupancy. Local extinctions of this endangered primate will most likely continue unabated unless a ban on hunting in remaining Atlantic Forest and Caatinga fragments can be enforced.
American Journal of Primatology, 2022
Although the species-area relationship is well known, it may interact with and be augmented or ca... more Although the species-area relationship is well known, it may interact with and be augmented or cancelled out by other factors, such as local human disturbance. We used data on site occupancy of the Endangered blonde capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) based primarily on a standardized program of local interviews to model the influence of past human disturbance on the occurrence of this species across remaining forest patches of northeastern Brazil within the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes. To do so, we assessed environmental covariates that best represent the history of human impacts. We then used single-species occupancy models to assess site occupancy, while controlling for detection error during sampling. Surprisingly, we obtained a higher occupancy rate in the more arid Caatinga remnants than in the more mesic Atlantic Forest. Habitat patch size, history of site protection, and annual precipitation were the best predictors of local occupancy. Historical human disturbance, including subsistence hunting, has exerted considerable impact on the modern distribution of the blonde capuchin, whose geographic range largely spans a region historically lacking any wildlife protection. Matrix vegetation structure across the Caatinga, which so far has averted large-scale mechanized agriculture, also creates a benign landscape that likely benefits contemporary capuchin occupancy. Local extinctions of this endangered primate will most likely continue unabated unless a ban on hunting in remaining Atlantic Forest and Caatinga fragments can be enforced.
O estado de Alagoas tem ocorrencia confirmada de tres especies de macacos de medio porte: Sapajus... more O estado de Alagoas tem ocorrencia confirmada de tres especies de macacos de medio porte: Sapajus libidinosus, S. flavius e Alouatta belzebul , estando os dois ultimos ameacados de extincao. Seus estados de conservacao sao uma consequencia do habitat perdido, caca e comercio ilegal. Enquanto isso, os centros de cuidados com a vida silvestre estao ficando sobrecarregados por causa do trafico de primatas. Este projeto tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da paisagem com e sem os macacos para modelar sua ocupacao. Ao realizar essas amostragens, nossos objetivos sao: (1) inferir o efeito da paisagem sobre a distribuicao das especies no estado de Alagoas; (2) realizar analises de riscos para sua conservacao no estado; (3) usar a analise de decisao para definir um plano de manejo para sua conservacao. Planejamos excursoes mensais, quando visitaremos as cidades proximas aos fragmentos ao chegar pelas tardes, e procuraremos ativamente os macacos pelas manhas. Tambem usaremos variaveis ...
Primates, 2018
Shifting to fallback food (FBF) consumption and crop raiding are behavioral adjustments that supp... more Shifting to fallback food (FBF) consumption and crop raiding are behavioral adjustments that support primates’ ability to endure in human-altered habitats. Nutritional models predict that the consumption of preferred foods leads to increased competition, while consumption of staple fallback foods results in decreased competition. We analyzed the competitive regime faced by individuals in a group of 133 blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius), an endangered species that inhabits a 270-ha fragment of Atlantic forest in northeast Brazil. During the study year, quantitative analyses show that fruits were a preferred food, while sugarcane was used as a staple FBF. As predicted by primate fallback foraging models, the consumption of sugarcane helped the group to survive in this fragment by providing these animals with half of the food they consumed throughout the year. Contrary to predictions, group dispersion increased with greater fruit abundance, while direct competition peaked during the consumption of sugarcane. We suggest that, although it is abundant and scattered in the area, the long handling time required to process sugarcane before consumption facilitates the direct competition. Overall, the pattern found indicates that consumption of a staple FBF does not directly translate into decreased competition and increased stability of social groups in forest fragments.
Thesis Chapters by Poliana Lins
Tese de Doutorado, 2022
O estado de Alagoas tem ocorrência confirmada do Ameaçado macaco de médio porte, Sapajus flavius,... more O estado de Alagoas tem ocorrência confirmada do Ameaçado macaco de médio porte, Sapajus flavius, o macaco-prego-galego. Seus níveis de conservação são uma consequência do habitat perdido, caça e comércio ilegal. Enquanto isso, os centros de cuidados com a vida silvestre estão ficando sobrecarregados por causa do tráfico de primatas. Este projeto tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da paisagem com e sem os macacos-prego-galego para modelar sua ocupação. Ao realizar essas amostragens, nossos objetivos são: (1) inferir o efeito da paisagem sobre a distribuição da espécie no estado de Alagoas; (2) obter índices de defaunação para estabelecer o risco para conservação em cada fragmento visitado; (3) combinar a adequabilidade e o risco para classificar os remanescentes e definir um plano de manejo para sua conservação no Estado. Realizamos idas a campo mensais até obter dados sobre a detecção dos macacos-prego-galego, uma lista dos mamíferos com mais de 500g habitando os fragmentos e informações sobre caça, cortes de árvores e status de proteção dos fragmentos. Também obtive variáveis físicas e biológicas do fragmento, sejam eles habitados ou não por primatas. Descobrimos que há mais macacos-prego-galego em fragmentos de Caatinga do que de Mata Atlântica, mas apenas 20% deles eram ocupados, e que as chances dos fragmentos florestais serem ocupados aumentam com maior área e mais proteção. 57% dos fragmentos estudados possuem mais que 74.9% de defaunação de mamíferos, ou seja, menos de 4 gêneros de mamíferos. Ao subtrair as chances de encontrar os macacos-prego galego pela defaunação sofrida encontramos dois fragmentos de Mata Atlântica que devem ser prioridade de conservação por serem considerados os melhores refúgios da espécie-alvo. A espécie está sobre grande risco nos demais fragmentos onde é encontrada, visto os níveis de defaunação atingidos. Um cenário em que a sociedade se compromete e investe em ações ambientais deveria considerar reintroduzir animais em fragmentos defaunados que ainda possuem um nível intermediário de adequabilidade. No entanto, um cenário político onde a sociedade não quer investir no meio ambiente precisa priorizar a educação para perceber a conexão dos serviços ecossistêmicos que podem estar perdendo e criar a expectativa de propiciar isso para seus filhos.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the... more Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or ...
American Journal of Primatology, 2022
Although the species-area relationship is well known, it may interact with and be augmented or ca... more Although the species-area relationship is well known, it may interact with and be augmented or cancelled out by other factors, such as local human disturbance. We used data on site occupancy of the Endangered blonde capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) based primarily on a standardized program of local interviews to model the influence of past human disturbance on the occurrence of this species across remaining forest patches of northeastern Brazil within the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes. To do so, we assessed environmental covariates that best represent the history of human impacts. We then used single-species occupancy models to assess site occupancy, while controlling for detection error during sampling. Surprisingly, we obtained a higher occupancy rate in the more arid Caatinga remnants than in the more mesic Atlantic Forest. Habitat patch size, history of site protection, and annual precipitation were the best predictors of local occupancy. Historical human disturbance, including subsistence hunting, has exerted considerable impact on the modern distribution of the blonde capuchin, whose geographic range largely spans a region historically lacking any wildlife protection. Matrix vegetation structure across the Caatinga, which so far has averted large-scale mechanized agriculture, also creates a benign landscape that likely benefits contemporary capuchin occupancy. Local extinctions of this endangered primate will most likely continue unabated unless a ban on hunting in remaining Atlantic Forest and Caatinga fragments can be enforced.
American Journal of Primatology, 2022
Although the species-area relationship is well known, it may interact with and be augmented or ca... more Although the species-area relationship is well known, it may interact with and be augmented or cancelled out by other factors, such as local human disturbance. We used data on site occupancy of the Endangered blonde capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) based primarily on a standardized program of local interviews to model the influence of past human disturbance on the occurrence of this species across remaining forest patches of northeastern Brazil within the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes. To do so, we assessed environmental covariates that best represent the history of human impacts. We then used single-species occupancy models to assess site occupancy, while controlling for detection error during sampling. Surprisingly, we obtained a higher occupancy rate in the more arid Caatinga remnants than in the more mesic Atlantic Forest. Habitat patch size, history of site protection, and annual precipitation were the best predictors of local occupancy. Historical human disturbance, including subsistence hunting, has exerted considerable impact on the modern distribution of the blonde capuchin, whose geographic range largely spans a region historically lacking any wildlife protection. Matrix vegetation structure across the Caatinga, which so far has averted large-scale mechanized agriculture, also creates a benign landscape that likely benefits contemporary capuchin occupancy. Local extinctions of this endangered primate will most likely continue unabated unless a ban on hunting in remaining Atlantic Forest and Caatinga fragments can be enforced.
O estado de Alagoas tem ocorrencia confirmada de tres especies de macacos de medio porte: Sapajus... more O estado de Alagoas tem ocorrencia confirmada de tres especies de macacos de medio porte: Sapajus libidinosus, S. flavius e Alouatta belzebul , estando os dois ultimos ameacados de extincao. Seus estados de conservacao sao uma consequencia do habitat perdido, caca e comercio ilegal. Enquanto isso, os centros de cuidados com a vida silvestre estao ficando sobrecarregados por causa do trafico de primatas. Este projeto tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da paisagem com e sem os macacos para modelar sua ocupacao. Ao realizar essas amostragens, nossos objetivos sao: (1) inferir o efeito da paisagem sobre a distribuicao das especies no estado de Alagoas; (2) realizar analises de riscos para sua conservacao no estado; (3) usar a analise de decisao para definir um plano de manejo para sua conservacao. Planejamos excursoes mensais, quando visitaremos as cidades proximas aos fragmentos ao chegar pelas tardes, e procuraremos ativamente os macacos pelas manhas. Tambem usaremos variaveis ...
Primates, 2018
Shifting to fallback food (FBF) consumption and crop raiding are behavioral adjustments that supp... more Shifting to fallback food (FBF) consumption and crop raiding are behavioral adjustments that support primates’ ability to endure in human-altered habitats. Nutritional models predict that the consumption of preferred foods leads to increased competition, while consumption of staple fallback foods results in decreased competition. We analyzed the competitive regime faced by individuals in a group of 133 blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius), an endangered species that inhabits a 270-ha fragment of Atlantic forest in northeast Brazil. During the study year, quantitative analyses show that fruits were a preferred food, while sugarcane was used as a staple FBF. As predicted by primate fallback foraging models, the consumption of sugarcane helped the group to survive in this fragment by providing these animals with half of the food they consumed throughout the year. Contrary to predictions, group dispersion increased with greater fruit abundance, while direct competition peaked during the consumption of sugarcane. We suggest that, although it is abundant and scattered in the area, the long handling time required to process sugarcane before consumption facilitates the direct competition. Overall, the pattern found indicates that consumption of a staple FBF does not directly translate into decreased competition and increased stability of social groups in forest fragments.
Tese de Doutorado, 2022
O estado de Alagoas tem ocorrência confirmada do Ameaçado macaco de médio porte, Sapajus flavius,... more O estado de Alagoas tem ocorrência confirmada do Ameaçado macaco de médio porte, Sapajus flavius, o macaco-prego-galego. Seus níveis de conservação são uma consequência do habitat perdido, caça e comércio ilegal. Enquanto isso, os centros de cuidados com a vida silvestre estão ficando sobrecarregados por causa do tráfico de primatas. Este projeto tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da paisagem com e sem os macacos-prego-galego para modelar sua ocupação. Ao realizar essas amostragens, nossos objetivos são: (1) inferir o efeito da paisagem sobre a distribuição da espécie no estado de Alagoas; (2) obter índices de defaunação para estabelecer o risco para conservação em cada fragmento visitado; (3) combinar a adequabilidade e o risco para classificar os remanescentes e definir um plano de manejo para sua conservação no Estado. Realizamos idas a campo mensais até obter dados sobre a detecção dos macacos-prego-galego, uma lista dos mamíferos com mais de 500g habitando os fragmentos e informações sobre caça, cortes de árvores e status de proteção dos fragmentos. Também obtive variáveis físicas e biológicas do fragmento, sejam eles habitados ou não por primatas. Descobrimos que há mais macacos-prego-galego em fragmentos de Caatinga do que de Mata Atlântica, mas apenas 20% deles eram ocupados, e que as chances dos fragmentos florestais serem ocupados aumentam com maior área e mais proteção. 57% dos fragmentos estudados possuem mais que 74.9% de defaunação de mamíferos, ou seja, menos de 4 gêneros de mamíferos. Ao subtrair as chances de encontrar os macacos-prego galego pela defaunação sofrida encontramos dois fragmentos de Mata Atlântica que devem ser prioridade de conservação por serem considerados os melhores refúgios da espécie-alvo. A espécie está sobre grande risco nos demais fragmentos onde é encontrada, visto os níveis de defaunação atingidos. Um cenário em que a sociedade se compromete e investe em ações ambientais deveria considerar reintroduzir animais em fragmentos defaunados que ainda possuem um nível intermediário de adequabilidade. No entanto, um cenário político onde a sociedade não quer investir no meio ambiente precisa priorizar a educação para perceber a conexão dos serviços ecossistêmicos que podem estar perdendo e criar a expectativa de propiciar isso para seus filhos.