Poornima Timoti - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Poornima Timoti

Research paper thumbnail of Standardization of inoculation technique to identify the sources of resistance against stem and pod rot of groundnut

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2020

A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in g... more A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total of seven different inoculation techniques were screened by using susceptible genotype TMV-2. The techniques involved inoculation of 10 day old groundnut plants raised in pots by spreading mycelial propagules of S. rolfsii grown on sorghum grain medium (SGM) on soil surface, Inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum placed around the collar region, Inoculum placed around the collar region and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum mixed in the soil, Inoculum mixed in the soil and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Agar disc method. Among these techniques inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris was found to be most efficient in getting highest per cent incidence of stem rot (84.86%) and pod rot (70.48%). How to view point the article : Poornima and Sunkad, Gururaj (2020). Standardization of inoculation technique to identify the sources of resistance against stem and pod rot of groundnut.

Research paper thumbnail of Status and Location of Hot Spots of Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut in Karnataka

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

It is grown nearly in 100 countries worldwide and the major groundnut producing countries are Chi... more It is grown nearly in 100 countries worldwide and the major groundnut producing countries are China, India, Nigeria, USA, Indonesia and Sudan. In India, groundnut is the principal oilseed crop and is grown in an area of 52.50 lakh ha with an annual production of 94.72 lakh tons and a productivity of 1804 kg ha-1 (Anon., 2014). Major groundnut growing states of India include Gujarat,

Research paper thumbnail of Biological Management of Leaf Spot of Palak Caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc

Five bioagents viz Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus sub... more Five bioagents viz Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens under in vitro and three biorationals like Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azadiractin at 0.1% , 0.2% were tested under in vivo conditions against Cercospora beticola. Under in vitro conditions maximum reduction in colony growth was observed in Trichoderma harzianum which was significantly superior over other bioagents tested. Under in vivo conditions Pseudomonas fluorescens at 0.2% has found effective in reducing the leaf spot disease of palak with least per cent disease index. Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis Hort) belonging to family Chenopodiaceae is an important leafy vegetable grown in India. Since leaves are the edible parts in palak, so the foliar diseases play an important role. The leaves of palak are rich in Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Iron. Palak being the store house of useful minerals and vitamins at the cheapest price ...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular variability among the isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot of groundnut by RAPD, ITS-PCR and RFLP

EurAsian Journal of Biosciences, 2010

Genetic variability among the virulent isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii was studied using molecular... more Genetic variability among the virulent isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii was studied using molecular techniques like RAPD, ITS-PCR and RFLP. The RAPD banding pattern reflected the genetic diversity among the isolates by formation of two clusters. A total of 221 reproducible and scorable polymorphic bands ranging approximately as low as 100 bp to as high as 2500 bp were generated with five RAPD primers. ITS region of rDNA amplification with specific ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers produced approximately 650 to 700 bp in all the isolates confirmed that all the isolates obtained are Sclerotium rolfsii. Studies by ITS-RFLP indicated that there was no polymorphism in restriction banding pattern among the isolates with the restriction endonucleases used.

Research paper thumbnail of Cultural characterstics of Cercospora beticola sacc. causing leaf spot of palak

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2014

Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables widely ... more Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables widely grown in India. This crop is severely affected by leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola leading to brown coloured spots on the leaves which hinders the market quality of the leaves. All media are not equally good for all fungi, nor there is a universal substrate or artificial medium, upon which all fungi can grow. So, different media including both synthetic and non-synthetic were tried for C. beticola in the present experiment. Cultural studies of C. beticola grown on different solid media showed that Potato dextrose agar and Oat meal agar were good for growth. Among the nine liquid media evaluated, maximum dry mycelial weight of the fungus was obtained in Soypeptone broth which was significantly superior to all other media. Temperature requirement of the fungus was found 25°C where good growth was observed. How to view point the article : Poornima and Hegde, Yashoda R. (2014). Cultural characteristics of Cercospora beticola sacc. causing leaf spot of palak.

Research paper thumbnail of Cultural characterstics of Cercospora beticola sacc. causing leaf spot of palak

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2014

Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables widely ... more Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables
widely grown in India. This crop is severely affected by leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora
beticola leading to brown coloured spots on the leaves which hinders the market quality of
the leaves. All media are not equally good for all fungi, nor there is a universal substrate or
artificial medium, upon which all fungi can grow. So, different media including both synthetic
and non–synthetic were tried for C. beticola in the present experiment. Cultural studies of C.
beticola grown on different solid media showed that Potato dextrose agar and Oat meal agar
were good for growth. Among the nine liquid media evaluated, maximum dry mycelial weight
of the fungus was obtained in Soypeptone broth which was significantly superior to all other
media. Temperature requirement of the fungus was found 25°C where good growth was
observed.

Research paper thumbnail of Biological Management of Leaf Spot of Palak Caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences , 2011

Five bioagents viz Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus sub... more Five bioagents viz Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens under in vitro and three biorationals like Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azadiractin at 0.1% , 0.2% were tested under in vivo conditions against Cercospora beticola. Under in vitro conditions maximum reduction in colony growth was observed in Trichoderma harzianum which was significantly superior over other bioagents tested. Under in vivo conditions Pseudomonas fluorescens at 0.2% has found effective in reducing the leaf spot disease of palak with least per cent disease index.

Research paper thumbnail of Standardization of inoculation technique to identify the sources of resistance against stem and pod rot of groundnut

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2020

A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in g... more A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total of seven different inoculation techniques were screened by using susceptible genotype TMV-2. The techniques involved inoculation of 10 day old groundnut plants raised in pots by spreading mycelial propagules of S. rolfsii grown on sorghum grain medium (SGM) on soil surface, Inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum placed around the collar region, Inoculum placed around the collar region and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum mixed in the soil, Inoculum mixed in the soil and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Agar disc method. Among these techniques inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris was found to be most efficient in getting highest per cent incidence of stem rot (84.86%) and pod rot (70.48%). How to view point the article : Poornima and Sunkad, Gururaj (2020). Standardization of inoculation technique to identify the sources of resistance against stem and pod rot of groundnut. Internat. J. Plant Protec., 13(1) : 58-61,

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated management of stem and pod rot of groundnut

Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 2017

An integrated approach was followed for the management of groundnut stem and pod rot disease, cau... more An integrated approach was followed for the management of groundnut stem and pod rot disease, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii under fi eld conditions using different biological agents, fungicides, oilcakes and organic manure as well as their combinations. Based on pooled analysis of two years performance of different treatments, two effective treatments were identifi ed for the management of stem and pod rot of groundnut. The treatment combination of deep ploughing + seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 4 g/kg of seed + furrow application of T. harzianum @ 4 kg enriched with 250 kg FYM/ha + neem cake @ 250 kg/ha was signifi cantly superior in recording least disease incidence of stem rot (9.9%) and pod rot (24.5%) and also recorded highest mean pod yield (13.64 q/ha), mean fodder yield (49.78 q/ha) and B:C ratio 3.03 followed by deep ploughing + seed treatment with T. harzianum @ 4g/kg of seed + furrow application of T. harzianum @ 4 kg enriched with 250 kg FYM/ha which recorded mean stem rot incidence of 12.3% and pod rot incidence of 30.7% and mean pod yield 11.28q/ha, mean fodder yield of 42.81 q/ha and B:C ratio 2.18.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular Variability among the Isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii Causing Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut Collected from Karnataka, India

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

Genetic variability among the 24 isolates of S. rolfsii was studied by using molecular markers li... more Genetic variability among the 24 isolates of S. rolfsii was studied by using molecular
markers like ITS-PCR and RAPD primers. Amplification of ITS region of rDNA with
specific ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers produced approximately 650 to 700 bp in all the
isolates of the fungus confirmed that all the isolates obtained are Sclerotium rolfsii and
were sequenced. Identity of the isolates was confirmed with sequences of NCBI data base
of S. rolfsii. Among the twenty four isolates, four random primers viz., UBC-467, UBC-
482, UBC-485 and UBC-489 generated reproducible polymorphism. Amplified products
with all the primers have showed polymorphic and distinguishable banding pattern
indicating the genetic diversity among all the isolates of S. rolfsii. A total of 342
reproducible and scorable polymorphic bands ranging approximately as low as 150 bp to
as high as 2000 bp was generated with four primers among the twenty four isolates
studied. All the twenty four isolates were grouped into three main clusters indicating there
is genetic diversity in the isolates of S. rolfsii. Cluster I contained thirteen isolates, main
cluster divided into two sub clusters, sub cluster I had eight isolates (Sr21, Sr20, Sr19,
Sr18, Sr22, Sr24, Sr17 and Sr23) and subcluster II had five isolates (Sr5, Sr2, Sr1, Sr6 and
Sr4). Main cluster II has two sub clusters, sub cluster I consisted of six isolates (Sr8, Sr3,
Sr7, Sr12, Sr15 and Sr14) and in sub cluster II three isolates (Sr16, Sr10 and Sr13) were
grouped. Cluster III consisted of two isolates (Sr9 and Sr11).

Research paper thumbnail of Status and Location of Hot Spots of Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut in Karnataka, India

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

A survey was conducted in major groundnut growing areas of Karnataka during kharif 2013 and khari... more A survey was conducted in major groundnut growing areas of Karnataka during kharif 2013 and
kharif 2014 to identify hot spots of stem and pod rot of groundnut. A total of 80 different locations of
eight districts of Karnataka were covered during the survey. During kharif 2013, the highest stem rot
(62.80%) and pod rot (73.67%) was recorded in Chitradurga district followed by Tumkur district
which recorded stem rot incidence of 42.59% and pod rot of 40.70%. Least incidence of stem rot
(17.19%) was recorded in Koppal district and pod rot (8.33%) in Gadag district. During kharif 2014,
highest incidence of stem rot (57.83%) and pod rot (71.63%) was observed in Chitradurga district
followed by Tumkur district recorded stem rot (46.09%) and pod rot (48.34%). Least stem rot of
(17.23%) and pod rot of (8.58%) was recorded in Koppal district. Among surveyed districts,
Chitradurga showed highest mean incidence of stem rot (60.31%) and pod rot (72.65%) followed by
Tumkur (44.34% and 44.52%, respectively). Hence, Chitradurga and Tumkur districs were
considered as hot spot for stem and pod rot of groundnut in Karnataka. However, the lowest mean
incidence was observed in Koppal (stem rot - 17.21% and pod rot - 11.29%) followed by Gadag
(stem rot - 17.93% and pod rot - 10.79%) and Kalaburgi (stem rot - 21.31% and pod rot - 18.45%).

Research paper thumbnail of Biochemical Changes in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Infected by Stem and Pod Rot Disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc

JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY,, 2016

Peroxidases (POD), poly phenol oxidases (PPO) and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from healthy... more Peroxidases (POD), poly phenol oxidases (PPO) and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from healthy and Sclerotium rolfsii inoculated stems of 6 genotypes of groundnut were estimated after 3 days of inoculation. The activity of PO, PPO and PAL began from 3 rd DAI and gradually increased up to 6 th DAI and thereafter declined. PO, PPO, and PAL activity was more in infected stem sample compared to healthy stem. Among the genotypes resistant and moderately resistant genotypes recorded maximum PO, PPO and PAL activity whereas susceptible genotypes recorded less activity. Further, biochemical constituents of healthy and stem rot infected tissues of different genotypes of groundnut were evaluated. The results revealed that total sugar content was more in resistant genotypes (12009 and 17110), moderately resistant genotypes (17159 and 17169) when compared to highly susceptible genotypes (TMV-2 and KRG-1). Further, it is also found that healthy stems of groundnut recorded more sugar, reducing and non reducing sugar content compared to diseased stems. Phenol and protein contents in healthy and infected stems varied among genotypes. Phenol and protein contents were more in infected stem as compared to healthy stem. Further, resistant and moderately resistant genotypes showed more contents of phenol and protein than susceptible genotypes.

Research paper thumbnail of Standardization of inoculation technique to identify the sources of resistance against stem and pod rot of groundnut

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2020

A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in g... more A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total of seven different inoculation techniques were screened by using susceptible genotype TMV-2. The techniques involved inoculation of 10 day old groundnut plants raised in pots by spreading mycelial propagules of S. rolfsii grown on sorghum grain medium (SGM) on soil surface, Inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum placed around the collar region, Inoculum placed around the collar region and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum mixed in the soil, Inoculum mixed in the soil and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Agar disc method. Among these techniques inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris was found to be most efficient in getting highest per cent incidence of stem rot (84.86%) and pod rot (70.48%). How to view point the article : Poornima and Sunkad, Gururaj (2020). Standardization of inoculation technique to identify the sources of resistance against stem and pod rot of groundnut.

Research paper thumbnail of Status and Location of Hot Spots of Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut in Karnataka

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

It is grown nearly in 100 countries worldwide and the major groundnut producing countries are Chi... more It is grown nearly in 100 countries worldwide and the major groundnut producing countries are China, India, Nigeria, USA, Indonesia and Sudan. In India, groundnut is the principal oilseed crop and is grown in an area of 52.50 lakh ha with an annual production of 94.72 lakh tons and a productivity of 1804 kg ha-1 (Anon., 2014). Major groundnut growing states of India include Gujarat,

Research paper thumbnail of Biological Management of Leaf Spot of Palak Caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc

Five bioagents viz Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus sub... more Five bioagents viz Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens under in vitro and three biorationals like Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azadiractin at 0.1% , 0.2% were tested under in vivo conditions against Cercospora beticola. Under in vitro conditions maximum reduction in colony growth was observed in Trichoderma harzianum which was significantly superior over other bioagents tested. Under in vivo conditions Pseudomonas fluorescens at 0.2% has found effective in reducing the leaf spot disease of palak with least per cent disease index. Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis Hort) belonging to family Chenopodiaceae is an important leafy vegetable grown in India. Since leaves are the edible parts in palak, so the foliar diseases play an important role. The leaves of palak are rich in Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Iron. Palak being the store house of useful minerals and vitamins at the cheapest price ...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular variability among the isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot of groundnut by RAPD, ITS-PCR and RFLP

EurAsian Journal of Biosciences, 2010

Genetic variability among the virulent isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii was studied using molecular... more Genetic variability among the virulent isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii was studied using molecular techniques like RAPD, ITS-PCR and RFLP. The RAPD banding pattern reflected the genetic diversity among the isolates by formation of two clusters. A total of 221 reproducible and scorable polymorphic bands ranging approximately as low as 100 bp to as high as 2500 bp were generated with five RAPD primers. ITS region of rDNA amplification with specific ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers produced approximately 650 to 700 bp in all the isolates confirmed that all the isolates obtained are Sclerotium rolfsii. Studies by ITS-RFLP indicated that there was no polymorphism in restriction banding pattern among the isolates with the restriction endonucleases used.

Research paper thumbnail of Cultural characterstics of Cercospora beticola sacc. causing leaf spot of palak

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2014

Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables widely ... more Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables widely grown in India. This crop is severely affected by leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola leading to brown coloured spots on the leaves which hinders the market quality of the leaves. All media are not equally good for all fungi, nor there is a universal substrate or artificial medium, upon which all fungi can grow. So, different media including both synthetic and non-synthetic were tried for C. beticola in the present experiment. Cultural studies of C. beticola grown on different solid media showed that Potato dextrose agar and Oat meal agar were good for growth. Among the nine liquid media evaluated, maximum dry mycelial weight of the fungus was obtained in Soypeptone broth which was significantly superior to all other media. Temperature requirement of the fungus was found 25°C where good growth was observed. How to view point the article : Poornima and Hegde, Yashoda R. (2014). Cultural characteristics of Cercospora beticola sacc. causing leaf spot of palak.

Research paper thumbnail of Cultural characterstics of Cercospora beticola sacc. causing leaf spot of palak

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2014

Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables widely ... more Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables
widely grown in India. This crop is severely affected by leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora
beticola leading to brown coloured spots on the leaves which hinders the market quality of
the leaves. All media are not equally good for all fungi, nor there is a universal substrate or
artificial medium, upon which all fungi can grow. So, different media including both synthetic
and non–synthetic were tried for C. beticola in the present experiment. Cultural studies of C.
beticola grown on different solid media showed that Potato dextrose agar and Oat meal agar
were good for growth. Among the nine liquid media evaluated, maximum dry mycelial weight
of the fungus was obtained in Soypeptone broth which was significantly superior to all other
media. Temperature requirement of the fungus was found 25°C where good growth was
observed.

Research paper thumbnail of Biological Management of Leaf Spot of Palak Caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences , 2011

Five bioagents viz Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus sub... more Five bioagents viz Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens under in vitro and three biorationals like Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azadiractin at 0.1% , 0.2% were tested under in vivo conditions against Cercospora beticola. Under in vitro conditions maximum reduction in colony growth was observed in Trichoderma harzianum which was significantly superior over other bioagents tested. Under in vivo conditions Pseudomonas fluorescens at 0.2% has found effective in reducing the leaf spot disease of palak with least per cent disease index.

Research paper thumbnail of Standardization of inoculation technique to identify the sources of resistance against stem and pod rot of groundnut

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2020

A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in g... more A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total of seven different inoculation techniques were screened by using susceptible genotype TMV-2. The techniques involved inoculation of 10 day old groundnut plants raised in pots by spreading mycelial propagules of S. rolfsii grown on sorghum grain medium (SGM) on soil surface, Inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum placed around the collar region, Inoculum placed around the collar region and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum mixed in the soil, Inoculum mixed in the soil and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Agar disc method. Among these techniques inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris was found to be most efficient in getting highest per cent incidence of stem rot (84.86%) and pod rot (70.48%). How to view point the article : Poornima and Sunkad, Gururaj (2020). Standardization of inoculation technique to identify the sources of resistance against stem and pod rot of groundnut. Internat. J. Plant Protec., 13(1) : 58-61,

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated management of stem and pod rot of groundnut

Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 2017

An integrated approach was followed for the management of groundnut stem and pod rot disease, cau... more An integrated approach was followed for the management of groundnut stem and pod rot disease, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii under fi eld conditions using different biological agents, fungicides, oilcakes and organic manure as well as their combinations. Based on pooled analysis of two years performance of different treatments, two effective treatments were identifi ed for the management of stem and pod rot of groundnut. The treatment combination of deep ploughing + seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 4 g/kg of seed + furrow application of T. harzianum @ 4 kg enriched with 250 kg FYM/ha + neem cake @ 250 kg/ha was signifi cantly superior in recording least disease incidence of stem rot (9.9%) and pod rot (24.5%) and also recorded highest mean pod yield (13.64 q/ha), mean fodder yield (49.78 q/ha) and B:C ratio 3.03 followed by deep ploughing + seed treatment with T. harzianum @ 4g/kg of seed + furrow application of T. harzianum @ 4 kg enriched with 250 kg FYM/ha which recorded mean stem rot incidence of 12.3% and pod rot incidence of 30.7% and mean pod yield 11.28q/ha, mean fodder yield of 42.81 q/ha and B:C ratio 2.18.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular Variability among the Isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii Causing Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut Collected from Karnataka, India

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

Genetic variability among the 24 isolates of S. rolfsii was studied by using molecular markers li... more Genetic variability among the 24 isolates of S. rolfsii was studied by using molecular
markers like ITS-PCR and RAPD primers. Amplification of ITS region of rDNA with
specific ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers produced approximately 650 to 700 bp in all the
isolates of the fungus confirmed that all the isolates obtained are Sclerotium rolfsii and
were sequenced. Identity of the isolates was confirmed with sequences of NCBI data base
of S. rolfsii. Among the twenty four isolates, four random primers viz., UBC-467, UBC-
482, UBC-485 and UBC-489 generated reproducible polymorphism. Amplified products
with all the primers have showed polymorphic and distinguishable banding pattern
indicating the genetic diversity among all the isolates of S. rolfsii. A total of 342
reproducible and scorable polymorphic bands ranging approximately as low as 150 bp to
as high as 2000 bp was generated with four primers among the twenty four isolates
studied. All the twenty four isolates were grouped into three main clusters indicating there
is genetic diversity in the isolates of S. rolfsii. Cluster I contained thirteen isolates, main
cluster divided into two sub clusters, sub cluster I had eight isolates (Sr21, Sr20, Sr19,
Sr18, Sr22, Sr24, Sr17 and Sr23) and subcluster II had five isolates (Sr5, Sr2, Sr1, Sr6 and
Sr4). Main cluster II has two sub clusters, sub cluster I consisted of six isolates (Sr8, Sr3,
Sr7, Sr12, Sr15 and Sr14) and in sub cluster II three isolates (Sr16, Sr10 and Sr13) were
grouped. Cluster III consisted of two isolates (Sr9 and Sr11).

Research paper thumbnail of Status and Location of Hot Spots of Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut in Karnataka, India

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

A survey was conducted in major groundnut growing areas of Karnataka during kharif 2013 and khari... more A survey was conducted in major groundnut growing areas of Karnataka during kharif 2013 and
kharif 2014 to identify hot spots of stem and pod rot of groundnut. A total of 80 different locations of
eight districts of Karnataka were covered during the survey. During kharif 2013, the highest stem rot
(62.80%) and pod rot (73.67%) was recorded in Chitradurga district followed by Tumkur district
which recorded stem rot incidence of 42.59% and pod rot of 40.70%. Least incidence of stem rot
(17.19%) was recorded in Koppal district and pod rot (8.33%) in Gadag district. During kharif 2014,
highest incidence of stem rot (57.83%) and pod rot (71.63%) was observed in Chitradurga district
followed by Tumkur district recorded stem rot (46.09%) and pod rot (48.34%). Least stem rot of
(17.23%) and pod rot of (8.58%) was recorded in Koppal district. Among surveyed districts,
Chitradurga showed highest mean incidence of stem rot (60.31%) and pod rot (72.65%) followed by
Tumkur (44.34% and 44.52%, respectively). Hence, Chitradurga and Tumkur districs were
considered as hot spot for stem and pod rot of groundnut in Karnataka. However, the lowest mean
incidence was observed in Koppal (stem rot - 17.21% and pod rot - 11.29%) followed by Gadag
(stem rot - 17.93% and pod rot - 10.79%) and Kalaburgi (stem rot - 21.31% and pod rot - 18.45%).

Research paper thumbnail of Biochemical Changes in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Infected by Stem and Pod Rot Disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc

JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY,, 2016

Peroxidases (POD), poly phenol oxidases (PPO) and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from healthy... more Peroxidases (POD), poly phenol oxidases (PPO) and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from healthy and Sclerotium rolfsii inoculated stems of 6 genotypes of groundnut were estimated after 3 days of inoculation. The activity of PO, PPO and PAL began from 3 rd DAI and gradually increased up to 6 th DAI and thereafter declined. PO, PPO, and PAL activity was more in infected stem sample compared to healthy stem. Among the genotypes resistant and moderately resistant genotypes recorded maximum PO, PPO and PAL activity whereas susceptible genotypes recorded less activity. Further, biochemical constituents of healthy and stem rot infected tissues of different genotypes of groundnut were evaluated. The results revealed that total sugar content was more in resistant genotypes (12009 and 17110), moderately resistant genotypes (17159 and 17169) when compared to highly susceptible genotypes (TMV-2 and KRG-1). Further, it is also found that healthy stems of groundnut recorded more sugar, reducing and non reducing sugar content compared to diseased stems. Phenol and protein contents in healthy and infected stems varied among genotypes. Phenol and protein contents were more in infected stem as compared to healthy stem. Further, resistant and moderately resistant genotypes showed more contents of phenol and protein than susceptible genotypes.