Prabath Singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Prabath Singh

Amrita Journal of Medicine

Contemporary Clinical Dentistry

Context: The usual cause of nonfulfillment of endodontic therapy is the persistence of microorgan... more Context: The usual cause of nonfulfillment of endodontic therapy is the persistence of microorganisms in the root canal system due to ineffective disinfection. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most prevalently isolated microorganisms following a failure in root canal treatments. Sodium hypochlorite is among the most effectively used irrigant solutions but has many shortcomings. Herbal alternatives for sodium hypochlorite might prove to be superior due to their high antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aims: This study is aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi oil and Elettaria cardamomum oil against 2-week-old and 4-week-old E. faecalis biofilms formed on tooth substrate. Settings and Design: A pure culture of E. faecalis was grown on brain heart infusion agar, inoculated into brain heart infusion broth, and incubated at 37°C overnight. Single rooted human mandibular premolars were sectioned below cementoenamel junction, enlarged, and vertically sectioned along the midsagittal plane. The samples were then placed in tissue culture wells inoculated with 2 ml of the bacterial solution and incubated at 37°C. Materials and Methods: Group 1 E. cardamomum oil (cardamom), Group 2 T. ammi oil (ajwain), Group 3 5% sodium hypochlorite, and Group 4 Saline (control) (n = 10). At the end of the 2nd and 4th weeks, all groups were treated for 10 min with 3 ml of the respective solutions. Quantitative analysis was performed by serial dilution. Results: T. ammi oil and sodium hypochlorite treated teeth showed complete elimination of both the 2-week-old and 4-week-old E. faecalis biofilm. Meanwhile, saline and E. cardamomum oil-treated teeth still showed the presence of E. faecalis. Conclusions: The use of T. ammi oil as a root canal irrigant solution can be considered as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite.

$Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of effect of core build-up materials on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth$

International Journal of Dental Materials

Background: Restoration of teeth after endodontic treatment is becoming an integral part of recon... more Background: Restoration of teeth after endodontic treatment is becoming an integral part of reconstructive dentistry. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different core build-up materials on fracture resistance of endodontic ally treated teeth. Materials and methods:Freshly extracted forty permanent mandibular first molars were selected. Standardized access cavities were prepared, following which mesial canals were prepared up to F2 (8%25) and distal canals up to F3 (9%30)and obturated. The coronal portion of the specimen was altered by removing the mesial wall and retaining buccal, lingual and mesial walls of 2mm and distal 5mm girth.Ten specimens each were rehabilitated with high copper amalgam, type IX GIC, posterior composite and Alkasite as core build-ups. All the specimens were finally rehabilitated with a metal crown. The specimens were tested for fracture resistance using a universal testing machine under oblique (135oto the long axis of teeth) cyclic lo...

Aim:To compare the incidence of dentinal defects after preparation with reciprocating (Reciproc a... more Aim:To compare the incidence of dentinal defects after preparation with reciprocating (Reciproc and WaveOne) and fullsequence rotary ProTaper Universal and Protaper Next instruments. Materials and methods:One hundred human mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 20 teeth per group). The root canals were instrumented by using the reciprocating single-file systems Reciproc and WaveOneand the fullsequence rotary protaper universal andProTaper nextinstruments.One group was left unprepared as control. Roots were sectioned horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and the sections were then observed under a stereomicroscope. The absence/presence of cracks was recorded, and the data were analysed with a chi-square test. The significance level was set atP= .05. Results:The control group Protaper universal, protaper next, waveone and reciproc caused cracks in 0%, 50%, 35%, 15% and 20% of samples, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between t...

Background: Saliva is a complex mixture of fluids which regulates oral health. Studies have state... more Background: Saliva is a complex mixture of fluids which regulates oral health. Studies have stated that calcium and phosphorous content of saliva is low in caries active persons. But most investigators have been unable to confirm this finding .This is attributed to the interplay of other factors including proteins and enzymes. Thus levels and state of calcium and phosphorous in saliva may be an indicator of susceptibility to dental caries.Thus the current study aims to determine the levels of salivary constituents like calcium, phosphorous, proteins and alkaline phosphatase in caries group and caries free group and assess their relationship with prevalence of dental caries. Materials & Methods: Based on the DMFS score,50 subjects in the age group of 18-25 were selected and they were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=30) consisted of subjects with caries (DMFS ≥5). Group 2 (n=20) is the caries free group(DMFS <0).5ml of unstimulated saliva samples were collected from each and anal...

Saudi Endodontic Journal, 2021

Autotransplantation is a viable option for immediate rehabilitation of missing teeth in young pat... more Autotransplantation is a viable option for immediate rehabilitation of missing teeth in young patients. It aims to preserve pulp vitality and proprioception, aiding complete root formation and osseous development, resulting in esthetic outcomes. A 20-year-old healthy female patient presented with pain in relation to a grossly mutilated nonrestorable right upper second molar tooth. Due to the young age of the patient, the proposed treatment was autotransplantation of upper third molar with incompletely formed roots to rehabilitate the second molar. Following precise diagnosis and application of strictly standardized treatment protocols, the strategically chosen donor tooth was atraumatically extracted and transplanted into the recipient site causing minimal damage to the periodontal ligament cells (PDLs). Clinical and radiographic findings over the 4-year follow-up period demonstrated normal gingival healing along with gradual bone regeneration. There was continued root formation and...

Journal of Oral Biosciences, 2021

OBJECTIVES This systematic review was designed to measure the pooled prevalence of morphological ... more OBJECTIVES This systematic review was designed to measure the pooled prevalence of morphological variations in the root canal of permanent incisors and canines among Asian adults. METHODS An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases, and relevant studies were included. Studies reporting on the Vertucci canal configuration (types I to VIII) were included. A weighted proportion (pooled prevalence) with 95% confidence interval was calculated for each canal type, and the outcome was stratified based on country, technique of assessment, gender, and age. RESULTS Sixty articles were included in the final review. In all types of maxillary anterior teeth, the pooled prevalence of type I canal configuration was greater than 97%, whereas mandibular central incisor, lateral incisor, and canines had a prevalence of 78.4%, 69.2%, and 91.1%, respectively. Mandibular anterior teeth had a lower prevalence of type I configuration (70.1%). Variations were also observed between countries. Males had a significantly lower prevalence of type I and a higher prevalence of type II and III canal configurations in the mandibular anterior teeth. A variation in canal types was also noted with advancing age, with younger age groups showing more variations. CONCLUSION The majority of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth have type I Vertucci canal configuration, but variations in mandibular anterior teeth, especially lateral incisors, are also common. Variations were also observed among population, gender, age, and prevalence based on the diagnostic techniques used.

Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, 2019

Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength and failure mode of total-etch and self-etch bonding age... more Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength and failure mode of total-etch and self-etch bonding agents on human dentin with and without application of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted premolars were chosen and stored in 10% formalin until use. Samples were mounted in cold cure acrylic resin and the occlusal enamel perpendicular to long axis of each tooth was removed using a low-speed diamond saw under water coolant. The prepared teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 20 samples each according to the adhesive system used. Groups 1 and 2 were the control group in which total-etch and self-etch adhesives were applied as per manufacturer’s instructions, Groups 3 and 4 were the experimental groups in which 2% CHX was applied and blot dried prior to the application of total-etch and self-etch adhesives. A custom-designed rig was fabricated to place composite on samples. The customized rig comprised a cylindrical mold with height of 3mm and internal diameter of 2.5mm. Resin was placed in increments of 1mm and was cured after each increments. After the composite placements, samples were placed in distilled water at 37°C for 24h. The samples were then thermocycled between 5°C and 55°C in water with a dwell time of 30s in each temperature to a total of 10,000 cycles. The shear test was performed using universal testing machine and fracture modes were evaluated using stereomicroscope. Results: Both the experimental total-etch and self-etch groups showed better shear bond strength than the control groups, which was statistically significant, and also the least mode of failure at the adhesive interface was observed in both the experimental groups. Conclusion: 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate effectively improved the shear bond strength and helped maintaining the durability of adhesive interface in both total-etch and self-etch adhesives.

Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal, 2018

Background Knowledge: Calcium hydroxide with a pH of almost 12.5 is a strong alkaline substance. ... more Background Knowledge: Calcium hydroxide with a pH of almost 12.5 is a strong alkaline substance. In an aqueous solution, dissolution of calcium hydroxide occurs into calcium and hydroxyl ions. Its biological properties include antimicrobial activity, inhibiting resorption of tooth and inducing of repair by formation of hard tissue. Hence it is widely used in several clinical situations. The capacity of calcium hydroxide to produce an alkaline shift in pH is responsible for its antimicrobial effect. This property will be affected when it is combined with other substances/ vehicles like 2% chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite etc, which makes the action last longer. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the changes in pH of five different types of calcium hydroxide based intracanal medicaments. Materials and methods: This study assesses the changes in pH when calcium hydroxide is mixed with different vehicles like 2% chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, povidone iodine and also commercially available RC Cal (premixed) and Metapex. It is an in vitro study with time intervals of 24 hours, 48 hours and 1 week. Results and conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it is found that calcium hydroxide when mixed with distilled water has given the best results.

Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal, 2017

This case report highlights the effective management of a maxillary lateral incisor with perio-en... more This case report highlights the effective management of a maxillary lateral incisor with perio-endo lesion precipitated and complicated by the presence of a deep palatoradicular groove extending up to the root apex. Despite an apparently poor prognosis, the tooth was successfully managed by a collaborative endodontic and surgical periodontal therapy. The periodontal ligament attachment and periradicular healing were appreciated both clinically and radiographically at 3-month follow-up. How to cite this article Krishnan DR, Haridas N, Singh VPP, Balakrishnan B. Effective Management of a Perio-endo Lesion associated with Palatoradicular Groove. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(1):16-23.

Case Reports in Dentistry, 2014

Rarely cases have been reported regarding depigmented lesions of the oral cavity. On reviewing th... more Rarely cases have been reported regarding depigmented lesions of the oral cavity. On reviewing the literature, only few cases of gingival vitiligo or similar lesions have been reported till date. These lesions pose a cosmetic challenge. We present here a case of vitiligo affecting gingiva. Vitiligo has been defined as an acquired, slowly progressive loss of cutaneous pigment which occurs as irregular, sharply defined patches which may or may not be surrounded by macroscopic hyperpigmentation. Differential diagnosis, detailed clinical history, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and pathogenesis of this condition are discussed.

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of archaea in the subgingival crevices of... more The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of archaea in the subgingival crevices of patients with chronic periodontitis in an Indian population. Thirty four chronic periodontitis patients and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. Thirty four subgingival plaque samples were collected from chronic periodontitis patients, of which 17 samples were from deep pockets and 17 were from shallow pockets. Sixteen subgingival plaque samples were collected from healthy subjects. The presence of archaea in plaque samples was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence of archaea in chronic periodontitis patients was 29.4% and in healthy subjects was 11.8%, which was not a statistically significant difference. However, prevalence of archaea, in deep periodontal pockets was 47.1%, in shallow periodontal pockets was 11.8% and in healthy sulcus was 12.5%, respectively. Thus, showing a statistically significant difference between prevalence of archaea in deep periodontal pockets (47.1%) and healthy sulcus (12.5%) and also between deep periodontal pockets (47.1%) and shallow pockets (11.8%), respectively. Archaea were detected commonly in severe periodontitis suggesting that these microorganisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2013

Diagnosis is essentially the appraisal of the nature of a disease, based on the study of signs an... more Diagnosis is essentially the appraisal of the nature of a disease, based on the study of signs and symptoms. Patients with chronic oral or facial pain often present a diagnostic challenge to the practitioner. This paper is on the diagnosis and management of a case of chronic pain in the maxillary anterior region. The final diagnosis was made as phantom tooth pain. This case report illustrates the importance of having a thorough knowledge of both odontogenic and nonodontogenic causes of orofacial pain and stresses the need for careful diagnosis before rendering any treatment.