Prachi Aneja - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Prachi Aneja

Research paper thumbnail of Detailed Morphometry and Morphology of Bicipital Groove of Humerus among North Indian Population

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2021

Introduction: Bicipital Groove (BG) represents an indentation on the proximal humerus which lodge... more Introduction: Bicipital Groove (BG) represents an indentation on the proximal humerus which lodges tendon of Long Head of Biceps (LHB) brachii with synovial sheath. It’s medial and lateral walls are formed by lesser and greater tubercles respectively and the transverse humeral ligament converts it into a tunnel. Aim: To find a detailed morphometry attributing to morphological classification of BG among North Indian population. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted over a period of one year on 100 adult intact dry humerii of unknown sexes obtained from Osteology Museum, Department of Anatomy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University, Gurugram, Haryana, India for several morphometric parameters like length, width, depth, length of medial and lateral walls as per descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The BG was classified according to the depth, opening angle and medial wall angles. Morp...

Research paper thumbnail of Relation of Axial Length with Corneal Curvature of the eye in adult subjects with refractive error

BACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only i... more BACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only is the global burden of refractive error very high, but also increasing day by day. A number of associated serious complications and the various modes of treatment aspect of the refractive errors warrant the necessity to explore the various factors that have impact on them. The present study was done with the purpose of establishing the relation of axial length with corneal curvature of the eye in adult subjects with refractive error.

Research paper thumbnail of Anatomy of of Suprascapular Notch among North Indian Dry Scapulae: A Morphological Evaluation

International Journal of Current Research and Review

Background: The suprascapular notch (SSN) is a depression located in the lateral portion of the u... more Background: The suprascapular notch (SSN) is a depression located in the lateral portion of the upper border of the scapula encroached by the superior transverse scapular ligament. It may be completely or partially ossified to transform the notch into a foramen which acts as a gateway for the passage of the suprascapular nerve. Methods: Two hundred & ninety adult dry scapulae (132 right & 158 left) from the osteology museum of the Department of Anatomy, belonging to North Indian population of unknown sex were obtained for the variable morphologic pattern of SSN by subjective evaluation according to Rengachary's classification. We have also examined the morphological variant of the ossified superior transverse suprascapular ligament (STSL). Results: We have concluded six different morphological variations of SSN. Among them, the Type III SSN had the highest incidence of 41.7%. Morphological variability was noted for the ossified STSL: fan-shaped & band like; morphometric analysis was also performed for the completely ossified STSL. The incidence of different types of ossified STSL was 57.5% (fan-shaped); 42.2% (band-like) category respectively & the mean length, width, thickness of the STSL were 7.49 mm; 3.43 mm & 2.18 mm respectively. The mean length & width of complete suprascapular foramen were 7.36 mm and 4.39 mm respectively. Conclusions: SSN shows highly variable morphological pictures, so the clinicians are desirable to be well versed with the diverse appearance of such anatomic variants of SSN on dry bones so that they can interpret its morphology on radiographs and MRI scans. This evaluation may be of great help for academicians and orthopaedic surgeons for the diagnosis & treatment modalities of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome.

Research paper thumbnail of Body Donation- a Dilemma Among Doctors

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2013

BACKGROUND: Dissection of human cadaver forms an integral part of anatomy pedagogy. 'Willed b... more BACKGROUND: Dissection of human cadaver forms an integral part of anatomy pedagogy. 'Willed body donation' is a must to maintain a constant supply of cadavers for anatomy teaching. To encourage the public towards body donation we must first develop a positive attitude in medical professionals towards the same. AIMS: The present study aims to evaluate the awareness, attitudes, beliefs of doctors towards willed body donation. METHOD: A questionnaire was administered to 250 consenting doctors (divided into two groups- male doctors and female doctors) practicing Delhi and NCR India. RESULTS: It was observed that though doctors unanimously agree to the importance of dissection in anatomy teaching and understanding they are themselves not keen on donating their bodies. The number of female doctors (29%) consenting to donation is significantly less than the number of male doctors (52%) (p<.0001). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Dissection does modulate the attitudes of doctors to...

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Variations of Nutrient Foramen of Humerus and Its Clinical Significance

Background: Nutrient foramen is an opening in shaft of humerus which conducts nutrient vessels fo... more Background: Nutrient foramen is an opening in shaft of humerus which conducts nutrient vessels for medullary cavity. Nutrient artery is the major source of blood supply to long bone. Knowledge of nutrient foramen is important for orthopedic surgeon while doing any procedure on humerus like bone grafting, plating and also plays an important role in fracture healing. Aims and Objectives: To determine the number, direction and location of nutrient foramen of humerus. Methods: The present study was conducted on 62 adult humeri (32 of right side and 30 left side) collected from Department of Anatomy, SGT Medical College, Gurugram, Haryana during the period of 15th June to 31st July 2017. Each humerus was observed for number, direction and location of nutrient foramen in relation with surface, border and zone. Results: In the present study it has been observed that 61% of humeri had a single foramen, 31% double foramen and 8% had triple foramen. Majority of nutrient foramen (54.95 %) pres...

Research paper thumbnail of Relation of Refractive Error With Corneal Curvature of the Eye in Adult Subjects With Refractive Error

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2015

BACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only i... more BACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only is the global burden of refractive error very high, but also increasing every day. A number of associated serious complications and the various modes of treatment aspect of the refractive errors, warrants the necessity to explore the various factors that have impact on them. The present study was done with the purpose of establishing the relation of refractive error with corneal curvature of the eye in adult subjects. This study was done on one thousand eyes, of five hundred adult cases, over a total period of 2 years. The cases included were of both sex’s male and female, taken from Patiala and around Patiala. The subjects were recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria: refractive errormyopia and hyperopia, aged between 20-40 years. The subjects in our study included students of M.B.B.S. (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) and B.D.S. (Bachelor of Dental Sciences) and routin...

Research paper thumbnail of Biopsy, Clinically involved skin, histology, leprosy, lesions, uninvolved skin

Research paper thumbnail of Accessory Spleen, Clinical, Embryonic Development, Trauma

Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative Study of Dermatoglyphics (Finger Tip Pattern) in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Control Group

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2013

BACKGROUND : Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of epidermal ridges and their configurations... more BACKGROUND : Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of epidermal ridges and their configurations on the palmar region of hand and fingers and plantar region of foot and toes. The myocardial infarction is almost always caused by coronary artery disease. Against the genetic background of dermatoglyphic patterns and coronary artery disease, the study was undertaken to determine the correlation between them. AIMS To do a comparative study of the dermatoglyphics (finger tip pattern) in patients with myocardial infarction and control group and to assess the usefulness of finger tip pattern in serving as a predictor for myocardial infarction. SETTING AND DESIGN: The study was done in 200 persons of age between 40 to 75 years . Out of them,100 were confirmed cases of CAD and 100 were normal healthy controls. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The finger and palmar prints of both hands were taken on white paper by Ink method and kores duplicating ink was used for taking the prints . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS...

Research paper thumbnail of Smartphones, Attitude, Education, Medical, Dental, Students

Research paper thumbnail of Cervical Vertebrae, Foramen Transversarium, Vertebral Artery

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Dissection in Influencing the Outlook of Me dicos towards Cadaveric Donation

Background and objectives - Dissection of cadaver a nd specimen demonstration is the most importa... more Background and objectives - Dissection of cadaver a nd specimen demonstration is the most important tool in anatomy pedagogy. The steep upsurge of medical schools in the country is creati ng an ever rising demand of cadavers. 'Willed body donation' is the only plausi ble solution to this grave problem. The present study aims to evaluate the ro le of dissection and how, if any, personal exposure to dissection modifies the a ttitudes and opinions of medical students towards willed body donation. Meth od - A questionnaire was administered to 220 consenting students (divided in to two groups - exposed to dissection and still unexposed) in SGT Medical Coll ege Gurgaon India. Results- Respondents who have been exposed to dissection fel t more apprehensive towards donation than those still unexposed (p<0.00 1). Interpretation and conclusion- Dissection does modulate the attitudes of students towards donation. Major reasons given for refusal to donate include a feeling of uneasin...

Research paper thumbnail of Sutural Morphology of Asterion in Dry Human Skulls

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Sutural bones are usually small, irregularly shaped bones, often found in sutures of the cranium.... more Sutural bones are usually small, irregularly shaped bones, often found in sutures of the cranium. It is important to know about them as they may complicate the surgical orientation if present in the asterion. The study aims to observe the incidence of the sutural morphology of asterion in dry human skulls. Total 120 human adult dry skulls consisting of 80 male and 40 female skulls were analyzed for Type-I and Type-II asterions. out of 120 skulls, (n=240) Type-I asterion was observed in 36 (15%) skulls, and Type-II was observed in 204 (85%) skulls. Type-I was 28 (17.5%) in males, 8 (10.0%) in females and 36 (15.0%) in total skulls. Type-II was 132 (82.5%) in males, 72 (90.00%) in females and 204 (85.0%) in total skulls. In the present study, the incidence of Type-I asterion was found more in males than females. The study can be useful to neurosurgeons, forensic experts, anthropologists and radiologists.

Research paper thumbnail of A study of morphology of the chordae tendineae of the left ventricle in human cadaveric hearts of North West Indian population

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

The chordae tendineae form an important part of atrioventricular apparatus connecting papillary m... more The chordae tendineae form an important part of atrioventricular apparatus connecting papillary muscles to the valve leaflets. Gross morphology of the chordae tendineae of the left ventricle was studied, and any gender differences were noted. Material and methods: 30 grossly normal cadaveric fixed in 10% formalin were studied. An incision was given along left border of heart to open the left ventricle. Gross morphology of chordae tendineae were studied. Statistical analysis: In the anterior leaflet, two strut chordae were found in both males and females in all the cases. The posterior leaflet of mitral valve showed the presence of rough zone, cleft, and basal chordae. Cleft and basal chordae were seen only in the posterior leaflet of mitral valve and not in the anterior leaflet. The number of rough zone chordae was more in the posterior leaflet than other types of chordae, and they were always present. The extent of the spread of anterolateral commissural chorda was mainly to commissural 1/3 of valve leaflet. In males, the chorda spread to commissural 1/3 of leaflet in all the cases, while in females, it was so in 86.7% of cases only. Posteromedial commissural chorda was present in 96.7% of cases.

Research paper thumbnail of Morphometric Analysis of Frontal Sinus Dimensions Using Digital Radiographs

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

The present study was aimed to evaluate the importance of combined use of frontal sinus dimension... more The present study was aimed to evaluate the importance of combined use of frontal sinus dimensions and evaluating possible implications.The study was retrospective and intended to measure dimensions on 60 digital radiographs (PA Caldwell's View)of age group 20 to 50 years. The Institutional Ethical Committee approved the research protocol. Inclusion Criteria was taken as radiographs with good image quality and absence of any artefact. Radiographs of individuals with bilateral complete frontal sinus development were included while radiographs are exhibiting pathology like, e.g. mucous retention within the frontal sinus, aplasia(unilateral and bilateral) or rudimentary frontal sinus excluded from the study. Parameters measured were maximum height, width on both sides and symmetry of frontal sinus.Out of 60 radiographs five were excluded from the study (2 frontal sinus aplasia and 3 unilateral frontal sinuses). The final study involved 55 radiographs(N=55) which constituted 28 male...

Research paper thumbnail of Smartphones- Help or Hindrance in Advancing Medical/Dental Education

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Smartphone-a hand-held minicomputer housing in itself innumerable applications (Apps) ... more BACKGROUND Smartphone-a hand-held minicomputer housing in itself innumerable applications (Apps) from as simple as a clock to more complex apps like mobile banking etc. has completely revolutionized the very existence of human beings. There are myriads of apps available to the medical fraternity, which aids in not only practicing medicine but learning it too. The major advantage is the convenience it provides in accessing and organizing the data at a speed which is manually inconceivable. But as every coin has two sides, this tool like any other has disadvantages too. Distraction, dependence and reliability of information are some to name a few. The present survey was undertaken as a preliminary step to discern the stance of medical and dental students towards smartphone and its integration as an aid to promote teaching and learning. METHODS A questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted in SGT University and Manav Rachna Dental College. A total of 750 MBBS and BDS students participated in the study. RESULTS The study revealed that smartphones have permeated the medical education system, but their use is still limited to sharing timetables, assignment and staying connected with teachers and fellow students. Portability, ease of accessing data, time management, cost effectiveness and respite from carrying heavy books everywhere have endeared the device to students. But a majority of them (83%) still feel more comfortable in learning texts from conventional textbooks. CONCLUSIONS Though the merits of incorporating smartphones in our education system definitely outnumber the demerits, one cannot ignore the challenges facing us today. Addressing the limitations, especially devising a method to keep the smartphones in the campus but out of our lectures is of utmost importance.

Research paper thumbnail of A Morphometric Study of the Papillary Muscles of the Right Ventricle of Human Cadaveric Hearts in North-West Indian Population

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Atrioventricular (AV) valvular apparatus comprises of AV orifice and its annulus, valv... more BACKGROUND Atrioventricular (AV) valvular apparatus comprises of AV orifice and its annulus, valvular leaflets, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. The study was done with a purpose to find out the gross morphology of papillary muscles of right ventricle and to compare any gender differences. This is helpful in understanding right atrioventricular valve dysfunction like regurgitations and also helpful in valve repair surgeries. The aim of this study was 1. To note the shape, origin, number of heads and other gross features of papillary muscles of right ventricle. 2. To find out sexual difference in the gross morphology of papillary muscles of right ventricle. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 30 apparently normal cadaveric hearts after fixing in 10% formalin. The right ventricle was opened after giving an incision and gross morphology of papillary muscles of right ventricles was studied by using Vernier calliper. Statistical Analysis-In statistical analysis SPSS software was used and unpaired 't' test was used. P value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS It was found that anterior and posterior papillary muscles of right ventricle were always present while septal group of papillary muscles were absent in 10% cases. Number of heads of papillary muscles ranged from 1 to 4 in right ventricle. Length of anterior papillary muscle was more in males while rest of the papillary muscles of right ventricles were longer in females. The origin of the Anterior Papillary Muscle (APM) was mainly from lower 1/3 of the ventricular wall (80.5%). In rest of the cases (19.5%) the muscle took origin from middle 1/3 of the right ventricular wall. Muscle belly of APM was intraluminal in all the cases. No mixed or sessile types were found.

Research paper thumbnail of Accessory Spleen: A Clinically Relevant Anatomic Anomaly

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

Research paper thumbnail of Variations in the Number of Foramen Transversarium: An Osteological Study

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Foramen transversarium is located on the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. The... more BACKGROUND Foramen transversarium is located on the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. These foramina are known to exhibit variations with regard to number, size, shape etc. Vertebral artery and vein passes through the FT of upper six cervical vertebrae. AIMS The aim of this study to observe the variations in number of foramen transversarium in typical cervical vertebrae. METHOD The study was done on 240 dry typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6). Broken or damaged typical cervical vertebrae were excluded from the study. RESULTS In this study 20 cervical vertebrae (8.4%) are having double foramen transversarium. Unilaterally and bilaterally the incidence of double foramen transversarium is 6.66% and 1.66% respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The variations of the foramen transversarium appears to more on lower cervical vertebrae. The knowledge of these variations are helpful for spinal surgeons and radiologist for evaluation of the patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Acromial morphology and subacromial impingement syndrome: A clinicoanatomical study

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India

BACKGROUND The purpose of this present study was to observe the morphological variations of adult... more BACKGROUND The purpose of this present study was to observe the morphological variations of adult acromion processes by subjective evaluation method, because morphologic variants of adult acromion processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of various disorders of the shoulder joint and rotator cuff-particularly Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SAIS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred adult dry scapulae from the osteology museum of MAMC, New Delhi, were obtained for evaluation of morphologic pattern of acromion process by visual inspection according to Bigliani's classification. We have also done subjective evaluation (visual inspection) on 32 supraspinatus outlet radiographs from patients suffering from subacromial impingement syndrome (as per inclusion criteria) for morphological variant of acromion process according to Bigliani's classification. Our observations were compared with other osteological and radiographic studies performed on different other population groups. RESULTS Of the 200 scapulae studied, 91 belonged to right side and 109 belonged to left side. By visual inspection, 35% scapulae displayed type I (flat) acromion; 61% scapulae exhibited type II (curved) acromion; only 4% scapulae displayed type III (hooked) acromion process. Frequency distribution of acromial shape on supraspinatus outlet view of SAIS patients shows 46.87% type II (curved) acromion process; 53.12% exhibited type III (hooked) acromion process. No Type I (flat) acromion process was observed in radiographs of SAIS cases. CONCLUSIONS Predominantly type II (curved) acromion processes were observed in general population by visual inspection. But, among the cases it was mainly type III (hooked) type of acromion process. So the clinicians should be well versed with the appearance of acromion on dry bones, so that they can interpret acromial morphology on radiographs and MRI scans. Association between SAIS and acromial variant is well documented. So results of this subjective evaluation may be of help not only to the anthropologists, anatomists, but also for the orthopaedic surgeons.

Research paper thumbnail of Detailed Morphometry and Morphology of Bicipital Groove of Humerus among North Indian Population

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2021

Introduction: Bicipital Groove (BG) represents an indentation on the proximal humerus which lodge... more Introduction: Bicipital Groove (BG) represents an indentation on the proximal humerus which lodges tendon of Long Head of Biceps (LHB) brachii with synovial sheath. It’s medial and lateral walls are formed by lesser and greater tubercles respectively and the transverse humeral ligament converts it into a tunnel. Aim: To find a detailed morphometry attributing to morphological classification of BG among North Indian population. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted over a period of one year on 100 adult intact dry humerii of unknown sexes obtained from Osteology Museum, Department of Anatomy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University, Gurugram, Haryana, India for several morphometric parameters like length, width, depth, length of medial and lateral walls as per descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The BG was classified according to the depth, opening angle and medial wall angles. Morp...

Research paper thumbnail of Relation of Axial Length with Corneal Curvature of the eye in adult subjects with refractive error

BACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only i... more BACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only is the global burden of refractive error very high, but also increasing day by day. A number of associated serious complications and the various modes of treatment aspect of the refractive errors warrant the necessity to explore the various factors that have impact on them. The present study was done with the purpose of establishing the relation of axial length with corneal curvature of the eye in adult subjects with refractive error.

Research paper thumbnail of Anatomy of of Suprascapular Notch among North Indian Dry Scapulae: A Morphological Evaluation

International Journal of Current Research and Review

Background: The suprascapular notch (SSN) is a depression located in the lateral portion of the u... more Background: The suprascapular notch (SSN) is a depression located in the lateral portion of the upper border of the scapula encroached by the superior transverse scapular ligament. It may be completely or partially ossified to transform the notch into a foramen which acts as a gateway for the passage of the suprascapular nerve. Methods: Two hundred & ninety adult dry scapulae (132 right & 158 left) from the osteology museum of the Department of Anatomy, belonging to North Indian population of unknown sex were obtained for the variable morphologic pattern of SSN by subjective evaluation according to Rengachary's classification. We have also examined the morphological variant of the ossified superior transverse suprascapular ligament (STSL). Results: We have concluded six different morphological variations of SSN. Among them, the Type III SSN had the highest incidence of 41.7%. Morphological variability was noted for the ossified STSL: fan-shaped & band like; morphometric analysis was also performed for the completely ossified STSL. The incidence of different types of ossified STSL was 57.5% (fan-shaped); 42.2% (band-like) category respectively & the mean length, width, thickness of the STSL were 7.49 mm; 3.43 mm & 2.18 mm respectively. The mean length & width of complete suprascapular foramen were 7.36 mm and 4.39 mm respectively. Conclusions: SSN shows highly variable morphological pictures, so the clinicians are desirable to be well versed with the diverse appearance of such anatomic variants of SSN on dry bones so that they can interpret its morphology on radiographs and MRI scans. This evaluation may be of great help for academicians and orthopaedic surgeons for the diagnosis & treatment modalities of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome.

Research paper thumbnail of Body Donation- a Dilemma Among Doctors

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2013

BACKGROUND: Dissection of human cadaver forms an integral part of anatomy pedagogy. 'Willed b... more BACKGROUND: Dissection of human cadaver forms an integral part of anatomy pedagogy. 'Willed body donation' is a must to maintain a constant supply of cadavers for anatomy teaching. To encourage the public towards body donation we must first develop a positive attitude in medical professionals towards the same. AIMS: The present study aims to evaluate the awareness, attitudes, beliefs of doctors towards willed body donation. METHOD: A questionnaire was administered to 250 consenting doctors (divided into two groups- male doctors and female doctors) practicing Delhi and NCR India. RESULTS: It was observed that though doctors unanimously agree to the importance of dissection in anatomy teaching and understanding they are themselves not keen on donating their bodies. The number of female doctors (29%) consenting to donation is significantly less than the number of male doctors (52%) (p<.0001). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Dissection does modulate the attitudes of doctors to...

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Variations of Nutrient Foramen of Humerus and Its Clinical Significance

Background: Nutrient foramen is an opening in shaft of humerus which conducts nutrient vessels fo... more Background: Nutrient foramen is an opening in shaft of humerus which conducts nutrient vessels for medullary cavity. Nutrient artery is the major source of blood supply to long bone. Knowledge of nutrient foramen is important for orthopedic surgeon while doing any procedure on humerus like bone grafting, plating and also plays an important role in fracture healing. Aims and Objectives: To determine the number, direction and location of nutrient foramen of humerus. Methods: The present study was conducted on 62 adult humeri (32 of right side and 30 left side) collected from Department of Anatomy, SGT Medical College, Gurugram, Haryana during the period of 15th June to 31st July 2017. Each humerus was observed for number, direction and location of nutrient foramen in relation with surface, border and zone. Results: In the present study it has been observed that 61% of humeri had a single foramen, 31% double foramen and 8% had triple foramen. Majority of nutrient foramen (54.95 %) pres...

Research paper thumbnail of Relation of Refractive Error With Corneal Curvature of the Eye in Adult Subjects With Refractive Error

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2015

BACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only i... more BACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only is the global burden of refractive error very high, but also increasing every day. A number of associated serious complications and the various modes of treatment aspect of the refractive errors, warrants the necessity to explore the various factors that have impact on them. The present study was done with the purpose of establishing the relation of refractive error with corneal curvature of the eye in adult subjects. This study was done on one thousand eyes, of five hundred adult cases, over a total period of 2 years. The cases included were of both sex’s male and female, taken from Patiala and around Patiala. The subjects were recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria: refractive errormyopia and hyperopia, aged between 20-40 years. The subjects in our study included students of M.B.B.S. (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) and B.D.S. (Bachelor of Dental Sciences) and routin...

Research paper thumbnail of Biopsy, Clinically involved skin, histology, leprosy, lesions, uninvolved skin

Research paper thumbnail of Accessory Spleen, Clinical, Embryonic Development, Trauma

Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative Study of Dermatoglyphics (Finger Tip Pattern) in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Control Group

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2013

BACKGROUND : Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of epidermal ridges and their configurations... more BACKGROUND : Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of epidermal ridges and their configurations on the palmar region of hand and fingers and plantar region of foot and toes. The myocardial infarction is almost always caused by coronary artery disease. Against the genetic background of dermatoglyphic patterns and coronary artery disease, the study was undertaken to determine the correlation between them. AIMS To do a comparative study of the dermatoglyphics (finger tip pattern) in patients with myocardial infarction and control group and to assess the usefulness of finger tip pattern in serving as a predictor for myocardial infarction. SETTING AND DESIGN: The study was done in 200 persons of age between 40 to 75 years . Out of them,100 were confirmed cases of CAD and 100 were normal healthy controls. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The finger and palmar prints of both hands were taken on white paper by Ink method and kores duplicating ink was used for taking the prints . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS...

Research paper thumbnail of Smartphones, Attitude, Education, Medical, Dental, Students

Research paper thumbnail of Cervical Vertebrae, Foramen Transversarium, Vertebral Artery

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Dissection in Influencing the Outlook of Me dicos towards Cadaveric Donation

Background and objectives - Dissection of cadaver a nd specimen demonstration is the most importa... more Background and objectives - Dissection of cadaver a nd specimen demonstration is the most important tool in anatomy pedagogy. The steep upsurge of medical schools in the country is creati ng an ever rising demand of cadavers. 'Willed body donation' is the only plausi ble solution to this grave problem. The present study aims to evaluate the ro le of dissection and how, if any, personal exposure to dissection modifies the a ttitudes and opinions of medical students towards willed body donation. Meth od - A questionnaire was administered to 220 consenting students (divided in to two groups - exposed to dissection and still unexposed) in SGT Medical Coll ege Gurgaon India. Results- Respondents who have been exposed to dissection fel t more apprehensive towards donation than those still unexposed (p<0.00 1). Interpretation and conclusion- Dissection does modulate the attitudes of students towards donation. Major reasons given for refusal to donate include a feeling of uneasin...

Research paper thumbnail of Sutural Morphology of Asterion in Dry Human Skulls

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Sutural bones are usually small, irregularly shaped bones, often found in sutures of the cranium.... more Sutural bones are usually small, irregularly shaped bones, often found in sutures of the cranium. It is important to know about them as they may complicate the surgical orientation if present in the asterion. The study aims to observe the incidence of the sutural morphology of asterion in dry human skulls. Total 120 human adult dry skulls consisting of 80 male and 40 female skulls were analyzed for Type-I and Type-II asterions. out of 120 skulls, (n=240) Type-I asterion was observed in 36 (15%) skulls, and Type-II was observed in 204 (85%) skulls. Type-I was 28 (17.5%) in males, 8 (10.0%) in females and 36 (15.0%) in total skulls. Type-II was 132 (82.5%) in males, 72 (90.00%) in females and 204 (85.0%) in total skulls. In the present study, the incidence of Type-I asterion was found more in males than females. The study can be useful to neurosurgeons, forensic experts, anthropologists and radiologists.

Research paper thumbnail of A study of morphology of the chordae tendineae of the left ventricle in human cadaveric hearts of North West Indian population

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

The chordae tendineae form an important part of atrioventricular apparatus connecting papillary m... more The chordae tendineae form an important part of atrioventricular apparatus connecting papillary muscles to the valve leaflets. Gross morphology of the chordae tendineae of the left ventricle was studied, and any gender differences were noted. Material and methods: 30 grossly normal cadaveric fixed in 10% formalin were studied. An incision was given along left border of heart to open the left ventricle. Gross morphology of chordae tendineae were studied. Statistical analysis: In the anterior leaflet, two strut chordae were found in both males and females in all the cases. The posterior leaflet of mitral valve showed the presence of rough zone, cleft, and basal chordae. Cleft and basal chordae were seen only in the posterior leaflet of mitral valve and not in the anterior leaflet. The number of rough zone chordae was more in the posterior leaflet than other types of chordae, and they were always present. The extent of the spread of anterolateral commissural chorda was mainly to commissural 1/3 of valve leaflet. In males, the chorda spread to commissural 1/3 of leaflet in all the cases, while in females, it was so in 86.7% of cases only. Posteromedial commissural chorda was present in 96.7% of cases.

Research paper thumbnail of Morphometric Analysis of Frontal Sinus Dimensions Using Digital Radiographs

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

The present study was aimed to evaluate the importance of combined use of frontal sinus dimension... more The present study was aimed to evaluate the importance of combined use of frontal sinus dimensions and evaluating possible implications.The study was retrospective and intended to measure dimensions on 60 digital radiographs (PA Caldwell's View)of age group 20 to 50 years. The Institutional Ethical Committee approved the research protocol. Inclusion Criteria was taken as radiographs with good image quality and absence of any artefact. Radiographs of individuals with bilateral complete frontal sinus development were included while radiographs are exhibiting pathology like, e.g. mucous retention within the frontal sinus, aplasia(unilateral and bilateral) or rudimentary frontal sinus excluded from the study. Parameters measured were maximum height, width on both sides and symmetry of frontal sinus.Out of 60 radiographs five were excluded from the study (2 frontal sinus aplasia and 3 unilateral frontal sinuses). The final study involved 55 radiographs(N=55) which constituted 28 male...

Research paper thumbnail of Smartphones- Help or Hindrance in Advancing Medical/Dental Education

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Smartphone-a hand-held minicomputer housing in itself innumerable applications (Apps) ... more BACKGROUND Smartphone-a hand-held minicomputer housing in itself innumerable applications (Apps) from as simple as a clock to more complex apps like mobile banking etc. has completely revolutionized the very existence of human beings. There are myriads of apps available to the medical fraternity, which aids in not only practicing medicine but learning it too. The major advantage is the convenience it provides in accessing and organizing the data at a speed which is manually inconceivable. But as every coin has two sides, this tool like any other has disadvantages too. Distraction, dependence and reliability of information are some to name a few. The present survey was undertaken as a preliminary step to discern the stance of medical and dental students towards smartphone and its integration as an aid to promote teaching and learning. METHODS A questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted in SGT University and Manav Rachna Dental College. A total of 750 MBBS and BDS students participated in the study. RESULTS The study revealed that smartphones have permeated the medical education system, but their use is still limited to sharing timetables, assignment and staying connected with teachers and fellow students. Portability, ease of accessing data, time management, cost effectiveness and respite from carrying heavy books everywhere have endeared the device to students. But a majority of them (83%) still feel more comfortable in learning texts from conventional textbooks. CONCLUSIONS Though the merits of incorporating smartphones in our education system definitely outnumber the demerits, one cannot ignore the challenges facing us today. Addressing the limitations, especially devising a method to keep the smartphones in the campus but out of our lectures is of utmost importance.

Research paper thumbnail of A Morphometric Study of the Papillary Muscles of the Right Ventricle of Human Cadaveric Hearts in North-West Indian Population

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Atrioventricular (AV) valvular apparatus comprises of AV orifice and its annulus, valv... more BACKGROUND Atrioventricular (AV) valvular apparatus comprises of AV orifice and its annulus, valvular leaflets, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. The study was done with a purpose to find out the gross morphology of papillary muscles of right ventricle and to compare any gender differences. This is helpful in understanding right atrioventricular valve dysfunction like regurgitations and also helpful in valve repair surgeries. The aim of this study was 1. To note the shape, origin, number of heads and other gross features of papillary muscles of right ventricle. 2. To find out sexual difference in the gross morphology of papillary muscles of right ventricle. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 30 apparently normal cadaveric hearts after fixing in 10% formalin. The right ventricle was opened after giving an incision and gross morphology of papillary muscles of right ventricles was studied by using Vernier calliper. Statistical Analysis-In statistical analysis SPSS software was used and unpaired 't' test was used. P value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS It was found that anterior and posterior papillary muscles of right ventricle were always present while septal group of papillary muscles were absent in 10% cases. Number of heads of papillary muscles ranged from 1 to 4 in right ventricle. Length of anterior papillary muscle was more in males while rest of the papillary muscles of right ventricles were longer in females. The origin of the Anterior Papillary Muscle (APM) was mainly from lower 1/3 of the ventricular wall (80.5%). In rest of the cases (19.5%) the muscle took origin from middle 1/3 of the right ventricular wall. Muscle belly of APM was intraluminal in all the cases. No mixed or sessile types were found.

Research paper thumbnail of Accessory Spleen: A Clinically Relevant Anatomic Anomaly

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

Research paper thumbnail of Variations in the Number of Foramen Transversarium: An Osteological Study

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Foramen transversarium is located on the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. The... more BACKGROUND Foramen transversarium is located on the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. These foramina are known to exhibit variations with regard to number, size, shape etc. Vertebral artery and vein passes through the FT of upper six cervical vertebrae. AIMS The aim of this study to observe the variations in number of foramen transversarium in typical cervical vertebrae. METHOD The study was done on 240 dry typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6). Broken or damaged typical cervical vertebrae were excluded from the study. RESULTS In this study 20 cervical vertebrae (8.4%) are having double foramen transversarium. Unilaterally and bilaterally the incidence of double foramen transversarium is 6.66% and 1.66% respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The variations of the foramen transversarium appears to more on lower cervical vertebrae. The knowledge of these variations are helpful for spinal surgeons and radiologist for evaluation of the patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Acromial morphology and subacromial impingement syndrome: A clinicoanatomical study

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India

BACKGROUND The purpose of this present study was to observe the morphological variations of adult... more BACKGROUND The purpose of this present study was to observe the morphological variations of adult acromion processes by subjective evaluation method, because morphologic variants of adult acromion processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of various disorders of the shoulder joint and rotator cuff-particularly Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SAIS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred adult dry scapulae from the osteology museum of MAMC, New Delhi, were obtained for evaluation of morphologic pattern of acromion process by visual inspection according to Bigliani's classification. We have also done subjective evaluation (visual inspection) on 32 supraspinatus outlet radiographs from patients suffering from subacromial impingement syndrome (as per inclusion criteria) for morphological variant of acromion process according to Bigliani's classification. Our observations were compared with other osteological and radiographic studies performed on different other population groups. RESULTS Of the 200 scapulae studied, 91 belonged to right side and 109 belonged to left side. By visual inspection, 35% scapulae displayed type I (flat) acromion; 61% scapulae exhibited type II (curved) acromion; only 4% scapulae displayed type III (hooked) acromion process. Frequency distribution of acromial shape on supraspinatus outlet view of SAIS patients shows 46.87% type II (curved) acromion process; 53.12% exhibited type III (hooked) acromion process. No Type I (flat) acromion process was observed in radiographs of SAIS cases. CONCLUSIONS Predominantly type II (curved) acromion processes were observed in general population by visual inspection. But, among the cases it was mainly type III (hooked) type of acromion process. So the clinicians should be well versed with the appearance of acromion on dry bones, so that they can interpret acromial morphology on radiographs and MRI scans. Association between SAIS and acromial variant is well documented. So results of this subjective evaluation may be of help not only to the anthropologists, anatomists, but also for the orthopaedic surgeons.