Pradeep Goel - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Pradeep Goel

Research paper thumbnail of Methods for the preparation of mercury and osmium samples suitable for ion microprobe measurements

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 1994

Using radiotracer solutions of Hg (203Hg) and Os (185Os), techniques have been developed for samp... more Using radiotracer solutions of Hg (203Hg) and Os (185Os), techniques have been developed for sampling these elements presumably suitable for ion probe measurements. Mercury has been electrodeposited on the cross-sectional area (∼5 mm2) of an electrochemically pure Cu wire giving a recovery ∼25 to 30% at the tip. Similar efficiency is found for Hg distillate solutions. Osmium has been collected in a Ni−NiS bead after loading its thiourea complex solution on filter paper. The recovery in the bead is 80–90%. These methods should be of help for isotopic study of these elements by ion microprobe. The suitability of these samples for measurements remains unconfirmed.

Research paper thumbnail of Variable ratio in stone meteorites and in some of their carbon-rich residues

Chemical Geology, 1992

The ratio has been measured in Hg fractions released by stepwise heating (and in four cases in so... more The ratio has been measured in Hg fractions released by stepwise heating (and in four cases in solvent extracts) from bulk samples of 17 different stone meteorites using the radiochemical neutron activation (RNA) method. Carbon-rich (CR) residues obtained from four stones (Allende, Ambapur Nagla, Plainview and Rangala) by the HF/1bHCI demineralisation process have been studied. About 50% of the Hg fractions of bulk samples (from 14 meteorites) have given both positive and negative types of anomalies (10–40%). The distillates of solvent extracts (Hg contents = 0.008–0.120 ppm) showed no clear anomaly. The residual meteoritic materials (SR-residues) after these extractions did show Hg isotopic anomalies in some distillates. In 17 out of 22 distillates from the CR-residues, large negative anomalies are noted. In some of these distillates the depletion of 196Hg was > 90.Replicate measurements did not always give consistent results, presumably due to the heterogeneous dispersion of the anomalous components. The depletion of 196Hg is more frequent in stone meteorites compared to irons, particularly in high-temperature distillates. Isotopic anomalies in Hg suggest either the presence of primitive grains with isotopic anomalies in stones or introduction of the anomalous components from other objects into the parent bodies of meteorites after their solidification.

Research paper thumbnail of Methods for the preparation of mercury and osmium samples suitable for ion microprobe measurements

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1994

Using radiotracer solutions of Hg (203Hg) and Os (185Os), techniques have been developed for samp... more Using radiotracer solutions of Hg (203Hg) and Os (185Os), techniques have been developed for sampling these elements presumably suitable for ion probe measurements. Mercury has been electrodeposited on the cross-sectional area (5 mm2) of an electrochemically pure Cu wire giving a recovery 25 to 30% at the tip. Similar efficiency is found for Hg distillate solutions. Osmium has been collected

Research paper thumbnail of Further measurements on isotopic anomalies of 196Hg/202Hg ratio in some of acid insoluble residues of Sikhote Alin and other iron meteorites

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 1992

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of 190Os/184Os ratio in the carbon-rich residues of stone meteorites by neutron activation method combined with fire-assay technique

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 1994

Research paper thumbnail of Variations in the 190Os/184Os ratio in some stone meteorites and acid residues of Sikhote Alin iron meteorite

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of Variable 196Hg202Hg ratio in stone meteorites and in some of their carbon-rich residues

Chemical Geology, 1992

Kumar, P. and Goel, P.S., 1992. Variable 196Hg/2°2Hg ratio in stone meteorites and in some of the... more Kumar, P. and Goel, P.S., 1992. Variable 196Hg/2°2Hg ratio in stone meteorites and in some of their carbon-rich residues.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of AnnAGNPS in cold and temperate regions

Water Science and Technology, 2006

Identification of the pollution sources and understanding the processes related to runoff generat... more Identification of the pollution sources and understanding the processes related to runoff generation and pollution transportation is effective for the water quality management and selection of the Best Management Practices. The ANNualized AGricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model was applied to a watershed in Southern Ontario to evaluate the hydrology and sediment component from the non-point sources. The model was run for two years (1998 to 1999); one year's data was used to calibrate and the second year's data was used for validation purposes. The model has under predicted runoff amount and over predicted the sediment yield. However, the simulated runoff and sediment yield compared fairly well with the observed data indicating that the model had an acceptable performance in simulation of runoff and sediment. The study is still in progress to assess its performance for estimation of TMDL and improvements needed for the model to use under Ontario conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Retail pharmacies in developing countries: A behavior and intervention framework

Social Science & Medicine, 1996

Retail pharmacies in developing countries are one of the most important sources of advice on phar... more Retail pharmacies in developing countries are one of the most important sources of advice on pharmaceuticals. Among the reasons the clients give are ease of access; availability of medicines; quality of service (no waiting and convenient hours of operation); and cheaper products, availability of credit, or the option to buy drugs in small amounts. However, the appropriateness of prescribing by retail pharmacy staff has been found to be far from acceptable. In childhood diarrhea, for example, oral rehydration salts (ORS), the appropriate diarrhea treatment, are recommended much less than pharmaceuticals of limited value, such as antimotility agents, adsorbents, etc. Little information is available for reasons underlying such behaviors.In this paper, we present a conceptual framework in which to analyze factors that may affect retail pharmacy prescribing, and we suggest strategies for behavior change. We developed this framework after examining relevant literature on retail pharmacy prescribing.We propose that pharmacy factors, client factors, physician practice and regulatory factors are the four sets of important factors for understanding pharmacy prescribing behavior. For intervention, we present four types of interventions which could be used for changing the behavior of pharmacy staff: information alone, persuasion, incentives and coercion.The behavior and intervention frameworks presented in this paper should also help in guiding further research in this area. For example, new information on the effects of ownership type, availability vs actual role of professional staff and authority structure on pharmacy treatment behaviors would be useful areas for future research. Similarly, additional research is needed on the comparative effects of coercive, persuasive and incentive strategies on pharmacy treatment behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of In search of respect: Selling crack in El Barrio

Social Science & Medicine, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Runoff Generation Areas in a Small Agricultural Watershed in Southern Ontario

Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing the Performance of SWAT and AnnAGNPS Model in a Watershed in Ontario

Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and TMDLS (Total Maximum Daily Load) Proceedings of the 10-14 March 2007, San Antonio, Texas, 2007

INTRODUCTION Innovative and strategically more focused efforts are needed for reversing the trend... more INTRODUCTION Innovative and strategically more focused efforts are needed for reversing the trend of deteriorating water quality due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and intensive agriculture in many regions of the country. The recent introduction of the Clean Water Act ...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Nutrient Component of AnnAGNPS Model in a Watershed in Ontario

Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and TMDLS (Total Maximum Daily Load) Proceedings of the 10-14 March 2007, San Antonio, Texas, 2007

INTRODUCTION The water impairment with nutrient losses from non-point source pollution (NPS) is a... more INTRODUCTION The water impairment with nutrient losses from non-point source pollution (NPS) is a major concern in Ontario. Growth in population, urbanization, and intensified agriculture alongwith livestock operation are the major sources of pollutants to the channels and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling Sediment and Phosphorous Movement through Vegetative Filter Strips using Artificial Neural Networks and GRAPH

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

Abstract: Present study explores the potential of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) which functio... more Abstract: Present study explores the potential of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) which function somewhat like a black box, and GRAPH (GRAss PHosphorous), a deterministic hydrological model, to predict the movement of sediments and phosphorous through vegetative filter ...

Research paper thumbnail of Applicability of ANSWERS-2000 to Estimate Sediment and Runoff from Canagagigue Creek Watershed in Ontario

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

ABSTRACT Agricultural activities are increasingly targeted as the major source of non-point sourc... more ABSTRACT Agricultural activities are increasingly targeted as the major source of non-point source (NPS) pollution. In the present study, ANSWERS-2000, a physically based distributed parameter watershed scale model, with a graphical user interface (Questions) was applied to simulate runoff and sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in the Grand River basin, Ontario. The study watershed with a total area of about 52.3 square kilometers is located in the heart of southwestern Ontario and represents typical topographical, agricultural, and hydrological conditions. Two year’s measured daily stream flow and sediment yield data at the outlet of the watershed were used to calibrate and validate the model. Soil porosity and control zone depth were found to be the most sensitive parameters which significantly affected both runoff and sediment yield from the watershed. The results indicated, that in general, the calibrated model slightly under predicted total runoff volume for both 1998 and 1999, but slightly over-predicted sediment load for 1998 and under-predicted during 1999. It was observed that ANSWERS-2000 model is capable of simulating runoff and sediment yield from agricultural area in Grand River basin during non-snow seasons and the model predictions could provide a general guide for NPS pollution control planning. However, models needs to be further evaluated for winter conditions and to study long term simulation effects of change in management conditions on transport of sediment and other pollutants.

Research paper thumbnail of Application of AnnAGNPS Model under Ontario condition

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

Abstract. Watershed scale model helps to find out the contributing areas and best describe the be... more Abstract. Watershed scale model helps to find out the contributing areas and best describe the best management practices to prevent the contribution. ANNualized AGricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model was applied to a watershed in Southern Ontario to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Pollutants Removal by Vegetative Filter Strips Planted with Different Grasses

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

Over the last few years, increasing occurrence of deadly pathogens and presence of various pollut... more Over the last few years, increasing occurrence of deadly pathogens and presence of various pollutants (nutrients, pesticides, other chemicals, and sediments) above the prescribed limit in water systems, clearly indicate alarmingly deteriorating quality of water resources. As a ...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of SWAT to Meet Water Quality Requirements for Canadian Conditions-A Study in Grand River Watershed

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

... Grand River Watershed Pradeep Kumar Goel ... Samaresh Das Postdoctoral Fellow, Email:samaresh... more ... Grand River Watershed Pradeep Kumar Goel ... Samaresh Das Postdoctoral Fellow, Email:samaresh@uoguelph.ca Neelam Gupta ... In Mathematical Models of Small Watershed Hydrology and Applications, 69−112. VP Singh and DK Frevert, eds. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Deep-fat fried noodle-like products from model individual blends of corn starch with casein, soy protein or their hydrolysates

Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture, 1999

... Pradeep K Goel,; Rekha S Singhal,; Pushpa R Kulkarni. ... The present work reports on the oil... more ... Pradeep K Goel,; Rekha S Singhal,; Pushpa R Kulkarni. ... The present work reports on the oil content of fried noodle-like products prepared from model individual blends of corn starch with casein, soy protein or their hydrolysates in ratios ranging from 80:20 to 20:80 of protein ...

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on interactions of corn starch with casein and casein hydrolysates

Food Chemistry, 1999

Incorporation of non-starchy substances into starch pastes modify their viscosity and rheological... more Incorporation of non-starchy substances into starch pastes modify their viscosity and rheological profile. Protein hydrolysates blended with starch have been used in the formulation of hypoallergenic weaning and specialised adult nutritional formulas. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the interaction of corn starch (5% w/v) with casein and its hydrolysates with respect to changes in the paste viscosity and the gelatinization temperature when heated in a Brabender amylogram. The pastes resulting on heating blends of starch and the casein/casein hydrolysates were also studied for their rheological profile on a Haake viscometer to confirm the effect under varying shear rates.

Research paper thumbnail of Methods for the preparation of mercury and osmium samples suitable for ion microprobe measurements

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 1994

Using radiotracer solutions of Hg (203Hg) and Os (185Os), techniques have been developed for samp... more Using radiotracer solutions of Hg (203Hg) and Os (185Os), techniques have been developed for sampling these elements presumably suitable for ion probe measurements. Mercury has been electrodeposited on the cross-sectional area (∼5 mm2) of an electrochemically pure Cu wire giving a recovery ∼25 to 30% at the tip. Similar efficiency is found for Hg distillate solutions. Osmium has been collected in a Ni−NiS bead after loading its thiourea complex solution on filter paper. The recovery in the bead is 80–90%. These methods should be of help for isotopic study of these elements by ion microprobe. The suitability of these samples for measurements remains unconfirmed.

Research paper thumbnail of Variable ratio in stone meteorites and in some of their carbon-rich residues

Chemical Geology, 1992

The ratio has been measured in Hg fractions released by stepwise heating (and in four cases in so... more The ratio has been measured in Hg fractions released by stepwise heating (and in four cases in solvent extracts) from bulk samples of 17 different stone meteorites using the radiochemical neutron activation (RNA) method. Carbon-rich (CR) residues obtained from four stones (Allende, Ambapur Nagla, Plainview and Rangala) by the HF/1bHCI demineralisation process have been studied. About 50% of the Hg fractions of bulk samples (from 14 meteorites) have given both positive and negative types of anomalies (10–40%). The distillates of solvent extracts (Hg contents = 0.008–0.120 ppm) showed no clear anomaly. The residual meteoritic materials (SR-residues) after these extractions did show Hg isotopic anomalies in some distillates. In 17 out of 22 distillates from the CR-residues, large negative anomalies are noted. In some of these distillates the depletion of 196Hg was > 90.Replicate measurements did not always give consistent results, presumably due to the heterogeneous dispersion of the anomalous components. The depletion of 196Hg is more frequent in stone meteorites compared to irons, particularly in high-temperature distillates. Isotopic anomalies in Hg suggest either the presence of primitive grains with isotopic anomalies in stones or introduction of the anomalous components from other objects into the parent bodies of meteorites after their solidification.

Research paper thumbnail of Methods for the preparation of mercury and osmium samples suitable for ion microprobe measurements

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1994

Using radiotracer solutions of Hg (203Hg) and Os (185Os), techniques have been developed for samp... more Using radiotracer solutions of Hg (203Hg) and Os (185Os), techniques have been developed for sampling these elements presumably suitable for ion probe measurements. Mercury has been electrodeposited on the cross-sectional area (5 mm2) of an electrochemically pure Cu wire giving a recovery 25 to 30% at the tip. Similar efficiency is found for Hg distillate solutions. Osmium has been collected

Research paper thumbnail of Further measurements on isotopic anomalies of 196Hg/202Hg ratio in some of acid insoluble residues of Sikhote Alin and other iron meteorites

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 1992

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of 190Os/184Os ratio in the carbon-rich residues of stone meteorites by neutron activation method combined with fire-assay technique

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 1994

Research paper thumbnail of Variations in the 190Os/184Os ratio in some stone meteorites and acid residues of Sikhote Alin iron meteorite

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of Variable 196Hg202Hg ratio in stone meteorites and in some of their carbon-rich residues

Chemical Geology, 1992

Kumar, P. and Goel, P.S., 1992. Variable 196Hg/2°2Hg ratio in stone meteorites and in some of the... more Kumar, P. and Goel, P.S., 1992. Variable 196Hg/2°2Hg ratio in stone meteorites and in some of their carbon-rich residues.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of AnnAGNPS in cold and temperate regions

Water Science and Technology, 2006

Identification of the pollution sources and understanding the processes related to runoff generat... more Identification of the pollution sources and understanding the processes related to runoff generation and pollution transportation is effective for the water quality management and selection of the Best Management Practices. The ANNualized AGricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model was applied to a watershed in Southern Ontario to evaluate the hydrology and sediment component from the non-point sources. The model was run for two years (1998 to 1999); one year's data was used to calibrate and the second year's data was used for validation purposes. The model has under predicted runoff amount and over predicted the sediment yield. However, the simulated runoff and sediment yield compared fairly well with the observed data indicating that the model had an acceptable performance in simulation of runoff and sediment. The study is still in progress to assess its performance for estimation of TMDL and improvements needed for the model to use under Ontario conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Retail pharmacies in developing countries: A behavior and intervention framework

Social Science & Medicine, 1996

Retail pharmacies in developing countries are one of the most important sources of advice on phar... more Retail pharmacies in developing countries are one of the most important sources of advice on pharmaceuticals. Among the reasons the clients give are ease of access; availability of medicines; quality of service (no waiting and convenient hours of operation); and cheaper products, availability of credit, or the option to buy drugs in small amounts. However, the appropriateness of prescribing by retail pharmacy staff has been found to be far from acceptable. In childhood diarrhea, for example, oral rehydration salts (ORS), the appropriate diarrhea treatment, are recommended much less than pharmaceuticals of limited value, such as antimotility agents, adsorbents, etc. Little information is available for reasons underlying such behaviors.In this paper, we present a conceptual framework in which to analyze factors that may affect retail pharmacy prescribing, and we suggest strategies for behavior change. We developed this framework after examining relevant literature on retail pharmacy prescribing.We propose that pharmacy factors, client factors, physician practice and regulatory factors are the four sets of important factors for understanding pharmacy prescribing behavior. For intervention, we present four types of interventions which could be used for changing the behavior of pharmacy staff: information alone, persuasion, incentives and coercion.The behavior and intervention frameworks presented in this paper should also help in guiding further research in this area. For example, new information on the effects of ownership type, availability vs actual role of professional staff and authority structure on pharmacy treatment behaviors would be useful areas for future research. Similarly, additional research is needed on the comparative effects of coercive, persuasive and incentive strategies on pharmacy treatment behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of In search of respect: Selling crack in El Barrio

Social Science & Medicine, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Runoff Generation Areas in a Small Agricultural Watershed in Southern Ontario

Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing the Performance of SWAT and AnnAGNPS Model in a Watershed in Ontario

Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and TMDLS (Total Maximum Daily Load) Proceedings of the 10-14 March 2007, San Antonio, Texas, 2007

INTRODUCTION Innovative and strategically more focused efforts are needed for reversing the trend... more INTRODUCTION Innovative and strategically more focused efforts are needed for reversing the trend of deteriorating water quality due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and intensive agriculture in many regions of the country. The recent introduction of the Clean Water Act ...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Nutrient Component of AnnAGNPS Model in a Watershed in Ontario

Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and TMDLS (Total Maximum Daily Load) Proceedings of the 10-14 March 2007, San Antonio, Texas, 2007

INTRODUCTION The water impairment with nutrient losses from non-point source pollution (NPS) is a... more INTRODUCTION The water impairment with nutrient losses from non-point source pollution (NPS) is a major concern in Ontario. Growth in population, urbanization, and intensified agriculture alongwith livestock operation are the major sources of pollutants to the channels and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling Sediment and Phosphorous Movement through Vegetative Filter Strips using Artificial Neural Networks and GRAPH

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

Abstract: Present study explores the potential of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) which functio... more Abstract: Present study explores the potential of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) which function somewhat like a black box, and GRAPH (GRAss PHosphorous), a deterministic hydrological model, to predict the movement of sediments and phosphorous through vegetative filter ...

Research paper thumbnail of Applicability of ANSWERS-2000 to Estimate Sediment and Runoff from Canagagigue Creek Watershed in Ontario

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

ABSTRACT Agricultural activities are increasingly targeted as the major source of non-point sourc... more ABSTRACT Agricultural activities are increasingly targeted as the major source of non-point source (NPS) pollution. In the present study, ANSWERS-2000, a physically based distributed parameter watershed scale model, with a graphical user interface (Questions) was applied to simulate runoff and sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in the Grand River basin, Ontario. The study watershed with a total area of about 52.3 square kilometers is located in the heart of southwestern Ontario and represents typical topographical, agricultural, and hydrological conditions. Two year’s measured daily stream flow and sediment yield data at the outlet of the watershed were used to calibrate and validate the model. Soil porosity and control zone depth were found to be the most sensitive parameters which significantly affected both runoff and sediment yield from the watershed. The results indicated, that in general, the calibrated model slightly under predicted total runoff volume for both 1998 and 1999, but slightly over-predicted sediment load for 1998 and under-predicted during 1999. It was observed that ANSWERS-2000 model is capable of simulating runoff and sediment yield from agricultural area in Grand River basin during non-snow seasons and the model predictions could provide a general guide for NPS pollution control planning. However, models needs to be further evaluated for winter conditions and to study long term simulation effects of change in management conditions on transport of sediment and other pollutants.

Research paper thumbnail of Application of AnnAGNPS Model under Ontario condition

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

Abstract. Watershed scale model helps to find out the contributing areas and best describe the be... more Abstract. Watershed scale model helps to find out the contributing areas and best describe the best management practices to prevent the contribution. ANNualized AGricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model was applied to a watershed in Southern Ontario to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Pollutants Removal by Vegetative Filter Strips Planted with Different Grasses

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

Over the last few years, increasing occurrence of deadly pathogens and presence of various pollut... more Over the last few years, increasing occurrence of deadly pathogens and presence of various pollutants (nutrients, pesticides, other chemicals, and sediments) above the prescribed limit in water systems, clearly indicate alarmingly deteriorating quality of water resources. As a ...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of SWAT to Meet Water Quality Requirements for Canadian Conditions-A Study in Grand River Watershed

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004, 2004

... Grand River Watershed Pradeep Kumar Goel ... Samaresh Das Postdoctoral Fellow, Email:samaresh... more ... Grand River Watershed Pradeep Kumar Goel ... Samaresh Das Postdoctoral Fellow, Email:samaresh@uoguelph.ca Neelam Gupta ... In Mathematical Models of Small Watershed Hydrology and Applications, 69−112. VP Singh and DK Frevert, eds. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Deep-fat fried noodle-like products from model individual blends of corn starch with casein, soy protein or their hydrolysates

Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture, 1999

... Pradeep K Goel,; Rekha S Singhal,; Pushpa R Kulkarni. ... The present work reports on the oil... more ... Pradeep K Goel,; Rekha S Singhal,; Pushpa R Kulkarni. ... The present work reports on the oil content of fried noodle-like products prepared from model individual blends of corn starch with casein, soy protein or their hydrolysates in ratios ranging from 80:20 to 20:80 of protein ...

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on interactions of corn starch with casein and casein hydrolysates

Food Chemistry, 1999

Incorporation of non-starchy substances into starch pastes modify their viscosity and rheological... more Incorporation of non-starchy substances into starch pastes modify their viscosity and rheological profile. Protein hydrolysates blended with starch have been used in the formulation of hypoallergenic weaning and specialised adult nutritional formulas. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the interaction of corn starch (5% w/v) with casein and its hydrolysates with respect to changes in the paste viscosity and the gelatinization temperature when heated in a Brabender amylogram. The pastes resulting on heating blends of starch and the casein/casein hydrolysates were also studied for their rheological profile on a Haake viscometer to confirm the effect under varying shear rates.